Study on swelling model and thermodynamic structure of native konjac glucomannan

We investigated the higher structure of konjac glucomannan (KGM) in the amorphous state and solution using a laser particle size analyzer and a water activity meter. The results show that the thermodynamic structures of native KGM were pri-marily composed of the lamella structure units, which involve both granular crystalline and amorphous regions, and that the connection zones of such units contained both loose and tight aggregation regions. The value of surface tension (σ) of native KGM,resting with the density of its hydroxyl groups' self-association, Was an important parameter to analyze the higher structures of native KGM in the thermodynamic swelling model of native KGM.     

水杨酸钠-葡甘聚糖／壳聚糖／聚乙烯醇缓释药膜的研究

采用溶液共混法将水杨酸钠（NaSal）包埋在魔芋葡甘聚糖（KGM）、壳聚糖（CTS）与聚乙烯醇（PVA）共混物中,制备了Nasal—KGM／CTS／PVA缓释药膜．用红外光谱表征了药膜的结构,考察了KGM,CTS与PVA三者的质量比以及NaSal的用量对膜的耐水性、水蒸气透过率的影响,测定了水杨酸钠的释放率．结果表明：当KGM,CTS,PVA的质量比为2：2：1时,制备的缓释药膜具有较好的耐水性和较低的水蒸气透过性能,NaSal的缓释性能良好．     

魔芋葡甘聚糖的结构和生物活性及其在运动食品中的应用

综述了魔芋葡甘聚糖的结构和生物活性之间的关系,以及魔芋葡甘聚糖在运动食品中的应用——它对免疫能力改善、抑制自由基对机体的危害、乳酸浓度的降低等有重要作用．     

魔芋葡甘聚糖/聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵互穿聚合物网络水凝胶的制备与性能研究

以连续互穿聚合物网络(IPN)方法制备魔芋葡甘聚糖(KGM)/聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(PDADMAC)水凝胶.用扫描电镜(SEM)表征形貌,并探讨其在不同浓度和不同pH值的NaCl溶液中的溶胀行为.实验表明KGM/PDADMAC水凝胶具有密集的表面凸凹的IPN分子结构特征;该IPN水凝胶的溶胀率随着NaCl溶液浓度的增加而下降,随pH值增加而缓慢增加,当pH大于8时,则呈下降趋势.     

学术用途英语:概念、教学和语言特点

学术用途英语既是语言教学领域的分支学科,也是一种特殊的语篇体裁,具有其自身的特点。文章探讨了学术用途英语的概念、教学原则,并举例分析了学术用途英语在词汇、修辞、句法、时态和模糊限制语等方面的语言特点,以期对增强学习者的学术用途英语读写能力有所助益。     

比工仡佬语ma~（55）的语义及演变

ma55是比工仡佬语中义项（义位）最多的多义词（语素）之一,共有八个义项（义位）。其意义之间有一定的内在联系和演变规律,其中＂母亲＂是本义,其他为引申义。ma55主要作名词词头,这种词头有分化脱落的趋势;其量词用法是从词头功能中发展出来的。     

傅伟勋“中西互为体用论”评析

“中西互为体用论”是傅伟勋提出的一个化命题。本从它的提出，它与中国化重建，它与中西化交流三个方面又析又评了这个命题的内涵，意义及其运用。     

明代泰宁卫的经济生活及与明朝的关系

泰宁卫作为明朝的羁縻卫,一直以游牧为主要生活方式,经济上依赖明朝,后期逐渐发展多种经营,体现在牧业、农业、手工业、渔业等多方面。明朝无论泰宁卫人众发生什么变化依然以属卫方式对待,提供经济上的扶持,最终造成自己的被动。     

道德教育:在规范与德性之间

随着社会的转型与文化的多元，基于规范伦理的道德教育在目的、内容和方法等方面都面临着深层次的困境。要克服这些困境，道德教育必须把视野拓展到规范理论之外，从德性伦理那里寻找新的基点。这是由德性伦理的内在性、超越性与自律性所决定的。从根本上说，道德教育是介于规范与德性之间的，其可能的发展路径是：以德性养成为目的、以道德规范为内容。要实现这种道德教育，至少需要从以下方面入手：(1)转换道德教育的目的；(2)提供道德实践的机会；(3)发挥制度教化的作用；(4)融合传统美德的教育。     

Reforms in Philippine Basic Education Viewed from Key Elements of Successful School-Based Management (SBM) Schools

While it is true that SBM shapes and charts the direction of school operations, it is interesting to discuss how a developing country like the Philippines is influenced by this reform strategy as a structural and procedural framework in managing its system of education, particularly, its basic education sector which through the years has been criticized for its alarming state as shown by its performance indicators rates. This paper purports to provide a panorama on how school-based management as a restructuring framework is viewed and interpreted by the basic education sector which constitutes the largest portion of the country’s educational system. Specifically, the eight key elements of successful SBM schools, namely: (1) an active vision; (2) meaningful decision-making authority; (3) distribution of power; (4) development and use of knowledge and skills; (5) collecting and communicating information; (6) rewards for progress; (7) shared leadership; and (8) cultivating resources, were used to serve the purpose of this discourse.     

河北师范大学发展路向探讨

河北师范大学合校6年来有了很大发展，面对新世纪的机遇与挑战，学校确立了“建设综合性、研究型、高水平、有特色的国内一流师范大学”的发展目标，为达到此目标，学校提出了21世纪初的发展战略和举措。     

Affordances of computers in teacher-student interactions: The case of interactive physics™

The study reported here is part of a larger project designed to understand student learning during conversations with their teacher over and about a computer-based Newtonian microworld (Interactive Physics?). At the focus of this report are affordances of the microworld to a teacher who engaged his students in conversations about representations of phenomenal objects and conceptual entities that constitute the microworld. The study shows how the teacher used the context of Interactive Physics? to identify students' ways of seeing and talking science. He then implemented a series of strategies to make forces “visible” to students. Data are provided to illustrate that students' learning was not local but persistent, so that they used appropriate canonical science talk without teacher support. The conclusion focuses on Interactive Physics? as a tool that does not embed meaning as such, but takes on meaning as part of the specific (scientific) practices in the context of which it was used. This view of science as a discourse helps us to see scientific literacy not as the acquisition of specific facts and procedures or even as the refinement of a mental model, but as a socially and culturally produced way to thinking and knowing, with its own ways of talking, reasoning, and acting; its own norms, beliefs, and values; its own institutions; its shared history; and even its shared mythologies (Roseberry, Warren, & Conant, 1992, p. 65).     

副词“并”的语法化

“并”由动词向方式副词、范围副词和语气副词的演化,其根源均在于其本义中所蕴含的“一致关系”这个底层语义特征:方式副词是“同时”语义特征的突显结果;范围副词是“同时”语义特征抽象化为“都”的结果;其独特的语气副词根源在其本义更进一步抽象出的“双方之间的一致关系”,这个语义基因在“并”向语气副词演化时得到突显,并最终导致“并”演化出一般总括副词所不具有的语气副词用法.     

Sex education,state policy and the principle of mutual consent

Constitutive of the prevalent sexual morality in most Western European countries is the liberal principle of mutual consent (PMC). This sociological fact may give rise to the ethical question as to whether or not the state has the right to make sure that its citizens will observe PMC, among other ways by prescribing some form of sex education which has PMC as its moral content. With reference to the ambiguity of the term ‘morally permissible’, it is argued that PMC can be interpreted in two fundamentally different ways, namely, as the freedom to arrange one's sexual life according to one's own values and preferences (PMC(a)) or as the view that consensual sex is morally all right or morally unobjectionable (PMC(b)). The claim is defended that PMC(a) should be taken as part of the public morality, whereas PMC(b) should be seen as a private morality. Accordingly, the state has the right to take PMC(a) as a basis for its educational policy, but the state is not allowed to prescribe any form of sex education that has PMC(b) as its moral content. The importance of the distinction between PMC(a) and PMC(b) is shown by giving an evaluation of the Dutch state's responses to recent public statements of orthodox religious leaders about the moral status of homosexuality. Also on the basis of this distinction, the central differences between liberal orthodox and fundamentalist orthodox religious views on sexuality and the role of the state are pointed out. In this connection, it is argued that any view which takes PMC(b) as part of the public morality should be disavowed as a kind of ‘liberal funda‐ mentalism’.     

生态农业旅游SWOT分析——以四川省南充市嘉陵区木老乡为例

以四川省南充市嘉陵区木老乡为研究对象,选用SWOT分析法,从优势、劣势、机遇、威胁等四个方面对生态农业旅游进行分析。研究结果表明,木老乡的生态农业旅游开发优势大于劣势,机遇多于威胁,适合进行开发;通过社区参与生态农业旅游,在"政府+社区"的共同努力下进行合理规划,发展有特色的"垂直生态景观模式;"进一步完善社区道路等基础设施建设,加大各级政府支持的力度,充分调动当地居民的积极性,突出本地生态农业旅游的特色,是实现该地区生态农业可持续发展的有效途径之一。     

Who Killed the Local Education Authority‐‐Cambridgeshire 1974‐1998?

Local government finance has been the Conservatives’ defining preoccupation and the focus of their least successful reform (the poll tax). Central government's effort to modernise local administration, control public spending and eliminate rival centres of power has created tension within the Conservative party and the country at large. Traditional shire counties have suffered as much as urban authorities and Conservative councillors have struggled with capping and the poll tax almost as much as their political opponents. This study examines, particularly in relation to education policy, how these conflicts have unfolded in Cambridgeshire. The authority has been a crucible for radical Tory ideas about the management of public services, but has lost a third of its secondary schools (to grant maintained status), a third of its territory (Peterborough becomes a unitary council on 1 April 1998) and most of its power.     

西方人格理论的价值标准

人格理论的价值不在于它的真实性 ,而在于它的有用性。看待西方人格理论的价值标准包括 :( 1 )能否组织和解释现有的研究材料 ;( 2 )能否激发和产生新的研究 ;( 3)能否成为实践活动的指南 ;( 4 )是否具有内在一致性 ;( 5)是否具有简约性。用这五条标准来审视西方人格理论 ,不仅有助于科学地评价西方人格心理学百年来的发展历史 ,同时也有助于把握西方人格心理学的发展趋向 ,而且对于建设有中国特色的人格心理学具有启发意义     

锰元素化学性质变化规律的热力学探讨

锰元素的化学性质在不同介质、不同氧化态时表现出较大差异,其变化规律不易把握.从热力学角度利用锰的自由焓-氧化态图可以对它在水溶液中的相对稳定性、歧化反应发生的可能性、氧化还原反应进行的趋向性以及氧化还原能力大小等性质进行判断,对锰及其化合物化学性质的变化规律能进行直观的概括.