Effects of taurine and housing density on renal function in laying hens

This study investigated the putative protective effects of supplemental 2-aminoethane sulfonic acid (taurine) and reduced housing density on renal function in laying hens. We randomly assigned fifteen thousand green-shell laying hens into three groups: a free range group, a low-density caged group, and a high-density caged group. Each group was further divided equally into a control group (C) and a taurine treatment group (T). After 15 d, we analyzed histological changes in kidney cells, inflammatory mediator levels, oxidation and anti-oxidation levels. Experimental data revealed taurine supplementation, and rearing free range or in low-density housing can lessen morphological renal damage, inflammatory mediator levels, and oxidation levels and increase anti-oxidation levels. Our data demonstrate that taurine supplementation and a reduction in housing density can ameliorate renal impairment, increase productivity, enhance health, and promote welfare in laying hens.     

Transfection and expression of exogenous gene in laying hens oviduct in vitro and in vivo

To examine whether or not the regulatory sequence of chicken ovalbumin gene can drive transgene expression specifically in hen oviduct, the authors constructed an oviduct-specific expression vector (pOV), containing 3.0 kilobases (kb) of the 5'-flanking sequence and 3.0 kb of the 3'-flanking sequence of the chicken     

Age-related changes in reading attitudes of young children: a cross-cultural study

The Preschool Reading Attitudes Scale (PRAS) was administered to 2201 young children, from three to five years of age, in early childhood programs from several regions of the United States. The scale is categorized into four areas related to children's reading environment. School Reading Activities, Non-school Reading Activities, Library Reading Activities and General Reading Activities. A validation sample revealed highly significant differences at all age levels between students receiving positive and negative teacher ratings of reading attitudes. The basic design involved three factors, age, sex, and ethnicity, and an analysis of variance was applied to total scores and subscores. The results showed significant outcomes for age and ethnicity, in addition to an age X ethnicity interaction. The results suggest that there are significant attitudinal differences between three-year-olds as opposed to four- and five-year-olds as well as age dependent differences among the ethnic groups.     

Lipids changes in liver cancer

Liver is one of the most important organs in energy metabolism. Most plasma apolipoproteins and endogenous lipids and lipoproteins are synthesized in the liver. It depends on the integrity of liver cellular function, which ensures homeostasis of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. When liver cancer occurs, these processes are impaired and the plasma lipid and lipoprotein patterns may be changed. Liver cancer is the fifth common malignant tumor worldwide, and is closely related to the infections of hepatitis B virus （HBV） and hepatitis C virus （HCV）. HBV and HCV infections are quite common in China and other Southeast Asian countries. In addition, liver cancer is often followed by a procession of chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis, so that hepatic function is damaged obviously on these bases, which may significantly influence lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in vivo. In this review we summarize the clinical significance of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism under liver cancer.     

Review:Lipids changes in liver cancer

Liver is one of the most important organs in energy metabolism. Most plasma apolipoproteins and endogenous lipids and lipoproteins are synthesized in the liver. It depends on the integrity of liver cellular function, which ensures homeostasis of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. When liver cancer occurs, these processes are impaired and the plasma lipid and lipoprotein patterns may be changed. Liver cancer is the fifth common malignant tumor worldwide, and is closely related to the infections of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). HBV and HCV infections are quite common in China and other Southeast Asian countries. In addition, liver cancer is often followed by a procession of chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis, so that hepatic function is damaged obviously on these bases, which may significantly influence lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in vivo. In this review we summarize the clinical significance of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism under liver cancer.     

Retraction Note to: Effects of dietary glycerol monolaurate on productive performance,egg quality,serum biochemical indices,and intestinal morphology of laying hens

Retraction Note to: J Zhejiang Univ-Sci B(Biomed & Biotechnol) 2019 20(11):877-890 https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.B1800530The authors have retracted this article(Zhao et al., 2019) due to significant overlap with a previously published Chinese language article(Liu et al., 2017), including overlap in Table 1, Table 2, Table 3, Table 6, Fig. 4, and part of the results(Sections 3.1, 3.2, 3.5, and 3.7).     

肝癌患者血清SOD及MDA的变化研究

目的:探索肝癌患者血清SOD、MDA的变化。对肝癌患者26例和健康对照组30例。方法:对肝癌患者均应用改良TBA微量法测定血清丙二醛(MDA)、以黄嘌呤氧化酶法测定超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平的变化。结果:肝癌组患者血清MDA水平显著高于对照组(P<0.01),而血清SOD水平显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。结论:提示肝癌患者存在明显的抗氧化能力障碍,通过血清MDA、SOD水平的检测,可为肝癌的临床治疗及疗效观察提供一定的依据。     

Effect of dietary fatty acids on serum parameters, fatty acid compositions, and liver histology in Shaoxing laying ducks

The effects of different fatty acid (FA) contents in diet on serum parameters, FA compositions of eggs and meat, and liver morphological changes were studied in Shaoxing laying ducks. A total of 264 ducks at 17 weeks were fed a control diet or a diet containing 30 g/kg fish oil (FO), 25 g/kg sunflower oil (SO), or 30 g/kg palm oil with 20 g/kg beef tallow (PBO). Malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the liver and the serum of ducks fed the PBO diet was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of ducks fed the other diets. Triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels were significantly lower (P<0.05) in ducks fed the FO diet. Serum TC also was lower in ducks fed the SO diet. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was also affected by diets. The contents of polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) in eggs and meat were significantly higher (P<0.001) in ducks fed the FO and SO diets than in ducks fed the control diet. The level of C22:6 (n-3) FA in ducks fed the FO diet was significantly higher than that in ducks fed the other diets. However, the conversion efficiency of the longer-chain C20:5 (n-3) FA was higher than that of C22:6 (n-3). Ducks fed the PBO diet exhibited lipid droplet accumulation in the liver. These results demonstrate that a diet enriched with different FAs has strong effects on serum lipid levels and the deposition of PUFAs into tissue lipids.     

Age-related differences in the organization of parent-infant interactions during picture-book reading

These observations indicate how the organization of book reading events differs when middle- to upper-class suburban parents read picture books to preverbal and verbal infants. Twelve parent-infant dyads for each group of 9-, 17-, and 27-month-old infants were videotaped in their homes. On each of three visits, two different books were read. The books either contained sentences describing the illustrations or did not contain any sentences. The quality of parent verbalizations changed with the age of the infant; parents reading to younger infants used more attention-recruiting verbalizations and more elaborations, whereas parents reading to older infants used more questions and more feedback. Analyses of sequential dependencies between categories of behaviors suggest that, across these age groups, parents monitor and attempt to maximize their infants' attention to the book. Parents' verbalizations expand from labeling comments, to sequences of labeling questions, to dialogues that exercise the growing linguistic competencies of the infant. Finally, interactions with books containing no sentences led to more verbal behaviors by the parent and more vocalizations by the infant.     

鸡卵黄免疫球蛋白的提取及体外抑菌活性研究

本研究采用水稀释法脱脂、分步盐析法分离纯化对鸡卵黄免疫球蛋白进行了提取,结果表明,当卵黄作7倍无菌水稀释、pH值为5、4℃条件下温浴5 h时,可得到较纯的卵黄水溶性组分(W SF),再经过多步盐析,可获得纯度为68.4%的IgY,其回收率为82%。体外抑菌活性实验表明,提取的IgY对大肠杆菌具有明显的抑制作用,而对金黄色葡萄球菌抑制作用较弱。研究结果为IgY的分离提取及临床应用提供了参考数据。     

砖砌体裂缝的发生与防治

论述砖砌体裂缝的4大主要类型,分析裂缝产生的原因,以及对不同裂缝进行鉴别,提出防止和减少发生砖砌体裂缝的措施和发生裂缝后的治理方法.     

猫初级视皮层BDNF表达年龄相关性差异研究

通过揭示脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)在青年猫与老年猫初级视皮层(Primary visual cortex)中表达情况,特别是探讨猫视皮层BDNF表达的年龄差异性及可能产生的突触可塑性方面的影响,揭示视觉衰退机制的影响因素及机理。本实验采用免疫组织化学ABC法标记猫初级视皮层各层BDNF免疫阳性细胞。免疫染色切片置于Olympus光学显微镜下观察采集图像,Image-Pro Express 6.0软件处理BDNF免疫阳性细胞计数及免疫阳性反应强度测量,所得相关数据借助SPSS 13.0统计软件分析处理。结果显示,BDNF在青年组及老年组猫视皮层各层中均有表达;与青年组相比,老年组猫初级视皮层各层中BDNF阳性细胞密度显著下降(P0.01),其免疫阳性反应强度亦呈显著下降(P0.01)。结果提示,猫初级视皮层中BDNF表达水平存在增龄性下降,提示脑源性神经营养因子活动减弱引起的突触可塑性的改变可能是引起视觉功能衰退的重要原因之一。     

大学文化素质教育与教育先导性

回顾了国内外大学文化素质教育的历史发展,论述了加强大学文化素质教育与发挥教育先导性的关系     

观念创新是职教发展的先导

１９９９年１０月，互助职校被评估验收为青海省重点职业学校，２０００年４月被省政府正式命名为省级重点职业中学。总结互助职中走过的路，我们最深刻的体会是：观念创新是农村职教发展的先导。这主要是不断创新以下几个观念。一、牢固树立勇于创新、主动进取的观念１９９２年，互助职中和原互助师范合并，成立互助县职业中学，当时职中只有４６名学生，也只有建筑和缝纫班。为了加大办学力度，我们走出去，了解“大市场”，开阔眼界，回来后，我们一下子开设中医、烹饪、缝纫、机电等六个专业，学生招生数由原来的４６名猛增到４８０名。…     

Age-related differences in the relation between motivation to learn and transfer of training in adult continuing education

This meta-analysis (k = 38, N = 6977) examined age-related differences in the relation between motivation to learn and transfer of training, using data derived from the literature on adult continuing education of the past 25 years. Based on socioemotional selectivity theory, a lifespan approach to expectancy theory, and research on interest and workplace curiosity, two views on motivational change over the trajectory of a working life were evaluated: the view of age-related motivational decline and the view of age-related motivational maintenance. Results showed a main effect of age on motivation to learn (β = .44) and a moderating effect of age (β = .59) on the relation between motivation to learn and transfer of training (ρ = 0.33). Both effects were in the positive direction, indicating support for the view of age-related motivational maintenance. Age-related differences were moderated by boundary conditions of training design (social training vs. individual training), study characteristics (publication source, study setting, SS/SMC bias, use of control groups, survey modality, instrument), and participant characteristics (level of education, attendance policy, work context). The findings are discussed in terms of their implications for theories of age-related changes in training motivation and their significance for the design of training programs for older learners.     

高层住宅给水系统分析及室内管道敷设方法

从设计选择、施工方法等着手,就高层住宅给水系统设计中给水分区、系统设计、室内给水管道材料选择、施工敷设方法等问题作简要阐述。     

魏晋南朝时期"重孝"文化心态探论

魏晋南朝时期 ,社会上盛行“重孝”之风。大量文献记载足以说明此时“重孝”之风的普遍性和社会性。这种风气形成的原因 ,既有社会的因素 ,又有政治、思想方面的影响。     

天空中的霓虹是怎样形成的?

雨过天晴时，顺着太阳光看去．往往会看到一条弓形彩带，这条彩带，称为霓虹．如图1所示，Ⅰ区域称为虹，Ⅱ区域称为霓，颜色顺序是由a到b为紫到红，由b到c为红到紫．为什么会形成这样的彩带呢?