生态马克思主义视域中我国的环境问题

近几年来日益严重的污染让中外生态马克思主义学者认识到:资本主义国家为了维护其统治,进一步以产业转移的方式污染全球环境,这种转嫁矛盾的方式很大程度上加剧了发展中生态危机的产生。除此之外,我国自身在盲目发展经济的同时也忽视了生态的发展,为此,设想出几点可供借鉴的解决方案。本文在探讨全球生态问题形成原因的同时试图为我国寻求建立良性和谐生态文明关系的方法。     

Quality assessment of undergraduate education in China: impact on different universities

This research analyzes the scheme proposed to assess the quality of higher education institutions in China, namely, the Quality Assessment of Undergraduate Education (QAUE) scheme. This article aims to determine the impact of the QAUE on universities and explore the reasons that intended effects have or have not been generated in the evaluated universities by conducting case studies of three Chinese universities with different statuses. The empirical studies show the effects on the various dimensions of quality provisions at different universities were not the same. It was found that the impact of the QAUE was not a linear consequence of policy implementation, but the result of an interaction between the external quality assessment scheme and the evaluated universities. Quality assessment is regarded to be an external force to cause universities to change. This empirical study of the QAUE shows that changes will only take place when the external force is integrated with the evaluated universities’ internal motivation and capacity.     

政治关联与企业环保治污——来自中国私营企业调查的证据

经济增长伴随环境污染的产生似乎不可避免,企业在环保治污方面能否有所作为引人关注。基于2008年和2010年中国私营企业调查数据,实证分析私营企业的政治关联对其环保治污行为的影响发现,私营企业的政治关联对环保投入和排污费具有显著的正向影响,也就是说,具有政治关联的企业环保投入较高,缴纳的排污费也更多。在考虑了环保治污反向影响企业政治关联的内生性问题后结论依然稳健。分行业考察表明,政治关联对环保治污的正向作用仅在重污染企业中显著,在轻污染企业中不显著。进一步检验发现,政治关联对环保治污主要存在一正一反的两个影响机制:政治关联通过影响企业的社会责任正向促进环保治污,即具有政治关联的企业履行更多的社会责任,企业加大对环保治污的投入;政治关联还通过影响企业的寻租动机反向抑制环保治污,即企业会利用政治关联进行寻租,减少在环保治污上的投入。此外,私营企业的政治关联程度较低时,政治关联显著促进环保治污,政治关联程度较高时对环保治污呈现显著的负向影响。研究揭示了政治关联对企业环保治污的实际影响和内在机制,有助于政府采取措施合理引导企业清洁生产、保护环境。     

我国环境影响评估中公众参与问题探析

在当前社会,公众参与环境保护是公众对国家政治公共生活参与在环境保护领域中的延伸,表现出公众对关系到自身生活质量和生存价值的关注。很多国家不但以法律形式肯定公民参与公共事务的权利,甚至明文规定某些政策制定过程必须有公民代表参加,更建立完善的公民参与渠道,电子政务和信息公开的程度为公民参与提供便利条件。     

What are the major impact factors on research performance of young doctorate holders in science in China: a USTC survey

Doctoral graduate research performance (DRP) is recognized as one of the most critical indices for evaluation of the success of doctoral education. Doctoral graduates with high research performance directly reflect a higher ability in academic research and academic achievement. Consequently, identifying which factors influence DRP is potentially of great value. This topic is also challenging because of difficulties in identifying the impact factors on research performance and the feasibility of the relative data collection. This paper first examines the relationships between the indicators and DRP. After a review of previous literature, the focus is on the doctoral graduates’ individual factors, advisor factors and learning performance. Data is collected from graduated doctors from the Science Schools of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC). Contrary to expectations, our findings indicate that, based on the Chinese context, learning performance does not appear to be strongly associated with research performance. Individual factors (status of academic origin) do have significant effect on DRP. The advisor factors (including academic status, academic experience and allocation of energy) show a relatively strong association with DRP, in terms of both the number of publications and the impact factor of Science Citation Index (SCI) cited journals.     

Interactive groups for immigrant students: a factor for success in the path of immigrant students

Student’s learning is the result of a large number of interactions in all areas. Consequently, with an increasing number of intercultural students, we need to bring to the classrooms successful educational actions that enhance interactions and that have an impact on improving education. Based on the CONEXITO project, this article shows how interactive groups (IGs) have contributed to increase not only the educational success of native students but also the success of immigrant students in different schools of Spain, for which IGs have particular educational outcomes. The communicative qualitative data presents evidence that, especially focusing on them, IGs increase instrumental learning and facilitate the bonds of solidarity and mutual help.     

Environmental learning in regions: a social capital based approach. The case of Latvia

How do people learn about the environment and behave accordingly? What is the cognitive process at the base of this learning mechanism? The present paper is a pilot work investigating the dynamics of individual environmental knowledge on the basis of social capital theory. Using Tsai and Ghoshal’s findings, a well known framework widely accepted in organizational studies which supports the existence of a relationship between structural, relational and cognitive dimensions of social capital, and between social capital and knowledge exchange, these dynamics are then tested in the context of environmental behaviour studies. The quantitative analysis is carried out by means of a structural equation model based on data collected in the Republic of Latvia. Results support main theoretical hypotheses, but several effects are found to be highly sensitive to control variables (residence place dimensions, ethnic affiliation, age, personal income), leading to hypothesise a strong dependency of environmental learning patterns on the socio-demographic, socio-economic and cognitive context.     

Assessment in early childhood education: threats and challenges to effective assessment of immigrant children

Research indicates that early childhood professionals gather assessment information to monitor child development and learning, to guide curriculum planning and decision making, to identify children who may have special needs, to report and communicate with others, and to evaluate programmes. A review of literature indicates that immigrant children have low achievement assessment scores as compared with mainstream American children, also immigrant children enter kindergarten already behind their mainstream American peers. The current study explored early childhood teachers' perceptions of assessment measures used with immigrant children and the challenges faced when assessing immigrant children. Findings of the study reveal that there are several factors that make early childhood teachers fail to gather effective assessment information from immigrant children. Unless the factors are addressed, planning for effective curriculum for immigrant children using assessment data will continue to be a challenge for early childhood teachers. Factors that continue to affect gathering effective assessment data from immigrant children include language barriers, cultural clashes, socio‐economic factors, and culturally and linguistically biased assessment measures.     

基于生态足迹模型的南方红壤丘陵山区可持续发展评价

生态足迹模型是研究一个国家或地区可持续发展程度的一种方法,定量反映人类活动对生态环境的影响和破坏程度.通过比较区域人类社会所有消费活动所需的土地(生态足迹)与该区可提供的生物生产性土地(生态承载力)可得出该区的可持续发展状况.文章在生态足迹概念和计算方法的基础上,以福建省南平市2006年统计年鉴数据为依据,计算分析得到南平市2005年的人均生态足迹为1.43320 hm2/人,人均生态承载力为1.40762 hm2/人,生态足迹呈现赤字,为0.02588 hm2/人.数据表明该市人类的生产和生活强度超过了生态系统的承载能力,区域生态系统处于人类的过度开垦状态之下.文章针对改善南平市的生态承载力提出一些改善措施.     

The use of state-to-state college migration data in developing a hierarchy of higher educational regions

States are frequently grouped into regions for higher educational purposes. This paper shows how systems of regions within which interstate migration flows are relatively great can be determined using state-to-state college migration data. Measures of the strength of regional identities are computed. New England and the northwestern states of Idaho, Oregon, Utah, and Washington, for example, are found to be well-defined regions. Comparisons between regional systems obtained when intrastate flows are taken into account, and when they are not, are made.     

关于建立健全河北省山区生态补偿机制的探讨

河北省山区建立生态补偿机制有利于山区生态建设,改变山区生态致贫因素,保障京津冀地区利益,促进河北省山区和谐社会建设。构建河北省山区生态补偿机制,需建立河北省山区生态补偿民众参与机制,确立京津冀区域合作联动补充机制,完善河北省山区生态多样化补偿方式,建立河北省山区发展有机农业生态补偿机制。     

新常态下外来人口对交通拥堵影响的实证研究——以北京市为例

通过选取1996—2015年北京市外来人口和衡量交通拥堵水平的数据,建立向量自回归(VAR)模型,并运用脉冲响应函数和方差分解方法实证分析外来人口对交通拥堵的影响机制。研究结果表明:外来人口对路段车流量的影响存在拐点效应,即外来人口在短期内对车流量的贡献表现出明显的上升趋势,当车流量达到路段负荷时,这一影响会逐渐减弱。同时外来人口对拥堵路段呈现出V型曲线收敛路径,即短期内外来人口对交通拥堵的刺激作用明显。     

Reform of teacher education in China: a survey of policies for systemic change

ABSTRACT

This paper adopts an inductive analytical approach to reviewing the major state policies to reform teacher education in China. Based on the perceived impact on teachers and teacher education, 21 policy documents have been selected for this review. Five themes emerge in the analysis, which include: Expansion of teacher education by institutional diversification; structural changes through upgrading, merging and eliminating institutions and school; innovations on modes of teacher preparation, curricula and teaching practicum; certification and examinations; and strengthening teacher supply for the rural schools. The paper also analyses the contextual and systemic factors that affect the formulation and implementation of reform policies in teacher education and critically reflect the effect of these policies on Chinese teacher education.     

Behind the scenes of music education in China: a survey of historical memory

This study explores how the government of mainland China values Chinese nationalism as a component of its historical memory and traces its relationship with music education from the twentieth century to the global age within broader social contexts. In a rapidly commercializing and modernizing China, nationalism remains the main driving force shaping Chinese music education, while historical nationalism and familial relationship have been reinforced by the current regime's educational socialization. Love for country and family and an emphasis on nationalism and Confucianism are the pragmatic tools employed by Chinese authorities to maintain their primacy in and power over education, particularly song teaching.     

生态技术在我国生态环境建设中的应用探究

近年来,环境危机加剧,生态环境建设已成为社会关注的焦点。科技的飞速进步为生态技术注入了发展的动力。生态技术的提出促进了人、技术、社会的和谐。本文通过论证生态技术的概念和发展过程、生态技术与传统技术的直观对比,生态技术的有效应用,来论证生态技术的重要作用。     

济南市南部山区采石废弃地的生态恢复探讨

在分析了济南南部山区废弃地现状及对环境的负面影响的基础上，在生态恢复理论的指导下，讨论了采石废弃地生态恢复技术途径与模式．指出应以植被重建为恢复目标，重点是改良基质，选择耐旱、耐瘠、速生、生物量大的灌木与草本为先锋植物种类，并结合当地条件，种植不同特性的植物．