Analysis and behaviour of FRP-confined short concrete columns subjected to eccentric loading

Fibre-reinforced polymer （FRP） composites were widely utilized in civil engineering structures as the retrofit of reinforced concrete （RC） columns. To design FRP jackets safely and economically, the behaviour of such columns should be predicted first. This paper is concerned with the analysis and behaviour of FRP-confined RC circular and rectangular short columns subjected to eccentric loading. A simple design-oriented stress-strain model for FRP-confined concrete in a section analysis was first proposed. The accuracy was then proved by two test data. Following that, a parametric study including amount of FRP confinement, FRP strain capacity, unconfined concrete strength and shape of column section is provided. Some conclusions were obtained at the end of the paper. The work here will provide a comprehensive understanding of the behaviour of FRP-confined concrete columns. The simplicity of the model also enables a simple equivalent stress block to be developed for direct use in practical design.     

Occupant friendly seismic retrofit by concrete plates

Abstract： An innovative occupant friendly retrofitting technique has been developed for reinforced concrete （RC） building structures with hollow brick infill wails used as partition walls which constitute the major portion of the existing building stock in Turkey. The idea is to convert the existing hollow brick infill wall into a load carrying system acting as a cast-in-place RC wall by reinforcing it with relatively thin concrete plates bonded to the mortar coated infill wall by use of tile adhesive and fixed by qb6 （6 mm diameter） bolts. Test parameters were the shape and thickness of the plates, presence of reinforcement in plates, number and arrangement of O6 bolts. It was observed that lateral strength, stiffness, energy dissipation capacity, and ductility of the strengthened infill walls were improved and behaviour was enhanced by the proposed technique. Plates with two different basic shapes were used to strengthen the test specimens.     

Gender Is Cultural Rather Than Natural—Jane Campion's The Piano

Sex and gender have been confusingly categorised by many scholars.Sex refers to biological characteristics;gender,can also be influenced by biology but does not determined by it.Unlike sex,which is determined by nature at birth,gender is a social construct specifying the culturally prescribed roles that men and women are to follow and represent.In order to argue that gender attaches to culture and that gender identity is shaped socially and culturally,this essay analyses Jane Campion’s The Piano from three perspectives.Firstly,the essay will examine the way people in the film represent their gender characters through three repeatedly demonstrated narrative motifs,clothing,the axe and the piano,to illustrate that gender is performative and that cultural gender identities advocate specific performances in terms of behaviour,speech,views,etc.(Butler,2011).Then,through an analysis of the different gazes of the characters in the film,the essay indicates that social and cultural interaction between the genders can go beyond and blur the boundaries of the stereotypical categories of male and female.In the third section,the essay will argue that social rules and discourse also play a prominent role in shaping people’s gender,by discussing how the characters represent and re-define their gender identity under the pressure of the patriarchal society they inhabit.     

言语行为

The theory of Speech Act is one which analyses the role of utterancesin relation to the behaviour of speaker and hearer in interpersonal comm-unication.It was originally put forward by John Langs haw Austin.a pro-fossor philosphy at Oxford University.In 1955,he gave a serics of lectu-res at Harvard University in U.S.A,and after his death,the written s-cripts of his lectures were published(1962)with the title How to Do T-hings with words.The theory aroused wide interests among the Linguisticphilosophers.Late,Searle and Grice,two ther philosophers made furthercontributions to the theory.     

Distinct Element Modelling of Unreinforced Masonry Wall Under Seismic Loads with and without Cable Retrofitting

To retrofit and strengthen existing unreinforced masonry (URM) structures to resist the potential earthquake damages has become an important issue in Australia. In order to secure the performance of URM under seismic loading in the future, a research project was carried out aimed at developing a simple and high strength seismic retrofitting technique for masonry structures. A series of experimental testing on URM walls retrofitted with an innovative technique by cable system have been conducted. The results indicated that both the strength and ductility of the tested speci-mens were significantly enhanced with the technique. An analytical model which is based on Dis-tinct Element Method (DEM) has also been developed to simulate the behaviour of URM walls be-fore and after retrofitting. The model is then further developed by applying a seismic wave to the wall to simulate the wall behavior under earthquake loads before and after retrofitting.     

Gender Difference in Language

All languages, the systems of arbitrary symbols, are equally good. Language which is the linguistic behaviour is used for human communication. Therefore, the rules for conversing are determined by cert...     

Modelling of URM Walls Retrofitted with Cable：A Comparison Between a Basic Mechanical Model and Distinct Element Method

The Australian love of ＂heritage＂ buildings （most of them are unreinforced masonry （URM） ） means that greater attention is required to secure their performance under seismic or impact loading in the future. A research project has been carried out to develop a new, economic and high strength retrofitting technique for masonry structures. A series of experimental testing on URM walls retrofitted with an innovative technique by cable system have been conducted. In this paper, an analytical model which is based on distinct element method（DEM） is developed to simulate the behaviour of retrofitted walls, in DEM, a solid is represented as an assembly of discrete blocks. Joints are modelled as interface between distinct bodies. It is a dynamic process and specially designed to model the behaviour of discontinuities. In order to assist the practising engineers to design this new retrofitted wall system, a simple mechanical model was also developed to predict the strength of the retrofitted walls. The results obtained from this simple mechanical model are compared with those from both experiments and distinct element model.     

Britney Spears apologized for her behaviour

Britney Spears (布兰妮·斯皮尔斯), who is considered to be the queen of pop music, apologized for her rude behaviour at last. It's reported that not long ago Britney attacked a certain press-photographer's car with her umbrella when she came out of her pre-husband's house and saw some reporters waiting beside the car. But after that, Britney felt regret about it. She said in her Blog, "I apologize for my rude behaviour. I was then preparing for a new film role, and the role had to behave rudely in the film. But unluckily, I did not get the role."     

Evaluation of the pull-out strength of galvanised steel strips in a cement-based material

The study of the interfacial and bond behaviour of reinforced cement-based materials is important for understanding the mechanical behaviour of such composites. This paper presents extensive experimental, theoretical and finite element analyses of pull-out tests of galvanised steel strips with different geometries, in lightweight cement-based material blocks with different densities and mechanical properties. The theoretical model proposed here is capable of determining the pull-out strength and bond stress versus the slip relationship between components of reinforced cement-based materials. This bond-slip relationship is then implemented in finite element simulation through the user-defined subroutine of ABAQUS software. Based on the results, a trilinear bond-slip model is suitable for modelling the interface between a steel strip and a cement-based material interface.     

Behaviour of cold-formed stainless steel beams at elevated temperatures

A study of the behaviour of constructional cold-formed stainless steel beams at elevated temperatures was conducted in this paper. An accurate finite element model （FEM） for stainless steel beams was developed using the finite element program ABAQUS. Stainless steel beams having different cross-sections were simulated in this study. The nonlinear FEM was verified against the experimental results. Generally, the developed FEM could accurately simulate the stainless steel beams. Based on the high temperature stainless steel material test results, a parametric study was carried out on stainless steel beams at elevated temperatures using the verified FEM. Both high strength stainless steel EN 1.4462 and normal strength stainless steel EN 1.4301 were considered. A total of 42 stainless steel beams were simulated in the parametric study. The effect of temperatures on the behaviour of stainless steel beams was investigated. In addition, a limiting temperature for stainless steel beams was also proposed.     

阅读理解精练

正A German Etiquette Group Targets Workplace Kissing A society in Germany which advises on etiquette[礼仪]and social behaviour has called for kissing to be banned in the workplace.The Knigge Society says the practice of greeting colleagues and business partners with a kiss on the cheek is uncomfortable for many Germans.     

Progressive failure analysis of slope with strain-softening behaviour based on strength reduction method

Based on the strength reduction method and strain-softening model,a method for progressive failure analysis of strain-softening slopes was presented in this paper.The mutation is more pronounced in strain-softening analysis,and the mutation of displacement at slope crest was taken as critical failure criterion.An engineering example was provided to demonstrate the validity of the present method.This method was applied to a cut slope in an industry site.The results are as follows:(1) The factor of safety and the critical slip surface obtained by the present method are between those by peak and residual strength.The analysis with peak strength would lead to non-conservative results,but that with residual strength tends to be overly conservative.(2) The thickness of the shear zone considering strain-softening behaviour is narrower than that with non-softening analysis.(3) The failure of slope is the process of the initiation,propagation and connection of potential failure surface.The strength parameters are mobilized to a non-uniform degree while progressive failure occurs in the slope.(4) The factor of safety increases with the increase of residual shear strain threshold and elastic modulus.The failure mode of slope changes from shallow slip to deep slip.Poisson’s ratio and dilation angle have little effect on the results.     

阅读理解练习两篇(英文)

A society in Germany which advises on etiquette(礼仪) and social behaviour has called for kissing to be bannedin the workplace.The Knigge Society says the practice of greeting colleagues and business partners with a kiss on the cheek isuncomfortable for many Germans.     

Modelling of URM Walls Retrofitted with Cable: A Comparison Between a Basic Mechanical Model and Distinct Element Method

The Australian love of "heritage" buildings (most of them are unreinforced masonry (URM)) means that greater attention is required to secure their performance under seismic or impact loading in the future. A research project has been carried out to develop a new, economic and high strength retrofitting technique for masonry structures. A series of experimental testing on URM walls retrofitted with an innovative technique by cable system have been conducted. In this paper, an analytical model which is based on distinct element method (DEM) is developed to simulate the behaviour of retrofitted walls. In DEM, a solid is represented as an assembly of discrete blocks. Joints are modelled as interface between distinct bodies. It is a dynamic process and specially designed to model the behaviour of discontinuities. In order to assist the practising engineers to design this new retrofitted wall system, a simple mechanical model was also developed to predict the strength of the retrofitted walls. The results obtained from this simple mechanical model are compared with those from both experiments and distinct element model.     

Dynamic Analysis of Structural Columns Subjected to Impulsive Loading

For a building structure subjected to impulsive loading, particularly shock and impact loading , the response of the critical columns is crucial to the behaviour of the entire system during and after the blast loading phase. Therefore, an appropriate evaluation of the column response and damage under short-duration impulsive loading is important in a comprehensive assessment of the performance of a building system. This paper reports a dynamic analysis approach for the response of RC columns subjected to impulsive loading. Considering that the dynamic response of a column in a frame structure can also be affected by the floor movement which relates to the global vibration of the frame system, a generic column-mass model is used, in which a concentrated mass is attached to the column top to simulate the effect of a global vibration. To take into account the high shear effect under impulsive load, the model is formulated using Timoshenko beam theory, and three main nonlinear mechanisms are considered. Two typical scenarios, one under a direct air blast loading, and another under a blast-induced ground excitation, are analyzed and the primary response features are highlighted.     

The Syntax, Semantics and Pragmatics of ''''lian…dou''''

This article treats the chunk 'lian...dou' as a complex conjunction on the ground that the sentence thatfollows the sentence in which the chunk' lian...dou' occurs is often incomplete. The interpretation of theincomplete sentence, or the sentence fragment, calls for the restoration of the elided constituents by re-construction. Moreover, the proposition expressed by the sentence fragment is entailed by the propositionexpressed by the sentence in which the chunk 'lian...dou' occurs. Following Montague's rule-to-rulehypothesis, we can take the entailment inherent in the whole construction as the syntactic reflex in its se-mantics. Since the entailment is obviously induced by the chunk 'lian...dou', we treat it as a complexconjunction.Section 1 demonstrates that the sentence that follows the sentence in which the chunk 'lian...dou' occursis not independent and in many ways is similar to the 'ruguo...(name)' construction.Section 2 develops a scalar model based on Fillmore et al (1988) for the semantic inter     

Corpus Analysis of the Various Errors Made by the Student

The software Wordsmith has been commonly used in corpus linguistics.In this paper,the author used the tool of Concord in Wordsmith to analyze various errors made by a student.Five passages made by the students are used.After annotating on the errors,the author uses Concord to sort out each error maker and made classification chart of the errors.All the errors are classified into two categories:errors caused by carelessness and by language ability.After analyzing,there are mainly three kinds of errors and in the first category and five kinds of errors in the second category.     

Chinese Culture Can’t be Expressed Exactly in English

Culture is itself a most comprehensive metaphor shown by people--different crowd has specific and characteristic culturewhich is a mixture of history and experience. English as a world language Language plays an important role transmitting, but not exactly,different cultures. Thus, Chinese culture can not be expressed in English besides people who use English as Englishes exactly. This paperwill illustrate the fact through introuducing elements of culture, especially from the aspect of the broadening of Little C (behaviour culture),and analyzing the reason from three aspects according to the broadening of Little C, that is, English can not express Chinese products exactly, English can not express Chinese ideas exactly, and English can not express Chinese behaviours exactly.     

Preparation of Long Afterglow PhotoluminescentMatedal SrAI2O4 ： Eu^2＋ , Dy^3 ＋ and ItsLuminescent Property

Long lasting strontium aluminate phosphors were synthesized by means of coated precipitation in the experiment. SrA12O4 monoclinic phase with long afterglow was synthesized at 1 100 ℃ with the aid of H3BO3,and the synthetic temperature decreased about 100 ℃-150 ℃ than in solid state reaction. The process of heat treatment was studied by TG-DTA. The phase compositions of powders were analyzed by XRD. The micrographs of the samples were investigated by SEM and the luminescent properties were researched by optical spectrum. The effects of H3 BO3 on the phase composition and microstructure of the calcined powders were investigated. The results indicated that H3BO3 accelerated the formation of SrAl2O4 by consuming the intermediate phase. The addition of Dy2O3 stimulated the afterglow property due to the increase in the depth of the trap center in the materials.     

Error Analysis of Students' English Writing

This research has carried out a two years’ statistical analysis by tracking and gathering the errors in the English writing exercises made by the students, discovering obvious difference between errors made by the students in previous grades. Digging into the root of the difference has revealed that in the undergraduate stage the "College English" curriculum showed some flaws, serving as some useful materials for the course reform.