Music Teacher Performance Evaluation: A Call for More Inclusive Models

Traditional methods for the evaluation of teachers appear to have limited applicability for the majority of elementary and secondary school educators engaged in the field of fine and performing arts, due primarily to the specialized nature of their respective teaching disciplines. Educational administrators charged with the responsibility for evaluating personnel confront an additional challenge when compelled to apply general models that are not suited to the highly complex world of performing arts instruction. In order for educators to make informed evaluation decisions, comprehensive information about the contributions of arts personnel may need to be reconsidered. New evaluation models emerging in the closing years of the twentieth century may hold the key for a more inclusive view of teaching performance in the arts. This article explores the use of traditional evaluation in the context of music education and addresses the future need for more reliable approaches to music teacher evaluation.     

Towards Inclusive Teacher Education: Sensitising individuals to how they learn

Higher education has struggled to acknowledge and translate into better teaching and learning practices that sizeable literature base suggesting a link between cognitive style, learning preferences, and performance. Research is reported in which 80 undergraduate students on a primary education degree were studied to examine the relationship between their cognitive style, their learning preferences, and perceived impact on their teaching practices. All students completed the CSA measure of cognitive style, the ASSIST, two further questionnaires exploring learning preferences and perception of good teaching during the course, and an evaluation at the end of the teaching unit. Significant differences were found between the three cognitive styles investigated: wholist, intermediate, and analytic. In terms of learning preferences, using ANOVA statistically significant differences were found between the three styles with wholists being most concerned about speed of delivery and least liking computer‐assisted learning. In addition, wholists preferred less structure than analytics in their teaching and claimed to use more images while analytics claimed to use more speech in their teaching. Intermediates demonstrated a greater preference for tangential approaches to teaching and were least happy with the nature of the teaching they had received while at university. Many of the differences reported in the literature between the different cognitive styles were not evident in this study. However, the interpersonal and intrapersonal characteristics of wholists and analytics, respectively, were evident and perceived to impact on planning and delivery in the classroom. While further school‐based research involving greater numbers is required, interest in learning styles remains especially relevant if one intends to offer a truly inclusive education for all learners.     

师范教育与教师专业化成长:问题与对策

教师专业化成长 ,是师范教育面临的一项挑战 ,也是师范教育自身实行专业化发展的唯一依托。新时期的师范教育 ,应根据教师不同阶段的专业发展内涵 ,在师范生选拔、“准教师”培养、在职教师培训等方面给予全过程的关注。针对滞后的种种问题 ,师范教育须在突出教师主体性、大力发展教育科学、借鉴以中小学为基地的培养理念、加速一体化师范教育体系的构建等方面作出关键回应。     

Beyond Native and Nonnative: Translingual Dispositions for More Inclusive Teacher Identity in Language and Literacy Education

ABSTRACT

This article proposes translingual dispositions as a way to move beyond the NES/NNES dichotomy in understanding language teacher identity. Recent scholarship in TESOL and Applied Linguistics has problematized the NES/NNES binary from a poststructuralist perspective, highlighting how NES/NNES subjectivities are discursively and performatively (co-)constructed and negotiated. Despite the efforts to empower NNESs, the very binary reifies monolingual ideologies. This article argues that translingual dispositions can help move beyond the binary and complicate theorization of teachers’ identities and practice. To illustrate, we report an ethnographic case study of a “NES” teacher, Daphne, and examine how Daphne’s translingual dispositions shape her teaching and facilitate her students’ creative negotiation of monolingual norms in a writing course. We conclude by discussing future research directions and the implications for language teacher education in fostering translingual dispositions.     

Constructing a Profession: Awareness Activities for Teacher Educators

Standardized testing is a reality with which all educators must contend. Although the laws enforcing such assessments do so under the premise that students will thereby be assured an equal opportunity for academic success, they overlook a critical point—students are human beings with needs that reach beyond what is measured on a test. In this article, the author examines the impact of standardized testing on the educator's ability to adequately address these needs and questions whether the focus of education has turned to treating children as commodities rather than helping them to develop not only their intellect but also their emotional and social selves.     

大学教师：一项学术性职业

大学职能的成功发挥有赖于对大学教师职业属性的把握和理解.大学教师职业成长与变迁的历史与实践证明,大学教师是一项以知识传播和科学探索为内容的学术性职业,是一项与大学发展密切相关的学术性职业,是一项需要学术自由权利呵护的学术性职业.     

教师专业化与校本培训

随着教育的发展从数量的扩展转向质量的提高,对教师的专业素质提出了新要求.本文分析了国外教师专业化的原因和特点,认为教师专业化有它特殊的专业内涵和要求.本文结合实践提出,实施校本培训,实现教师专业成长.     

一位成功的随班就读数学教师的个案研究

本文以质性研究的方法,通过与教师、家长、随班就读工作管理者的7次深度访谈,并结合资料采集、分析,对一位成功的随班就读教师进行个案研究。揭示了随班就读教师的心路历程,并从成功的随班就读教师特征,随班就读教师取得成功的外因,有效的教学策略,有效的班级管理策略等方面展示了成功的随班就读教师所具有的能力,还揭示了随班就读教师面临的压力与当前随班就读工作存在的问题。     

教师专业认同：教师教育改革的新视角

教育理论研究的深入和教育实践的迫切需要使得对教师专业认同的研究成为当今教师研究的重点之一。教师专业认同具有动态发展性、个体性和能动性,是提升教师生命意义的内在基础。我们应从关注教师的自我认同、注重职前专业学习和初任教师实习的经历、注重教师的实践性知识三方面反思和改善教师教育。     

影响师范生从业意志相关因素分析及差异比较

采用自编“教师职业态度调查问卷”对陕西省高等师范院校500名学生进行测查．发现师范大学生教师职业态度的总体趋势是好的,但同时存在“高情感-高认知-低意志”的不和谐状况．大部分师范生把自身个性是否符合当教师、家人是否支持以及能否从教学活动中获得较高自我实现感排在影响从业意志相关因素首位．     

融合教育与教师教育

从融合教育的概念、发展历程来看,融合教育是特殊教育发展史上的一次飞跃,它表明当代特殊教育已经从长期以来的福利型向权利型、大众型的方向转变;对普通教育而言,融合教育可能会作为一种新的范式引发人们对目前“应试教育”和“英才教育”的进一步反思,推行融合教育对现代教师教育提出了新的要求。     

The Contemporary Professoriate: Towards a Diversified or Segmented Profession?

On the empirical basis of six national studies (Mexico, Brazil, Peru, Denmark, Russia and South Africa), this paper examines the phenomenon of segmentation, defined as the solidification of deep hierarchies with little crossover between categories of institutions or individuals. The massification of higher education has brought about a great diversity of institutions and, concomitantly, stark differences among the professoriate. While the public sector has to some extent been able to protect its academic personnel, the for‐profit sector is moving towards an unstable professoriate, poorly paid, hired mostly on a per‐hour basis, and for whom sharing in academic governance is a distant dream. Some of this differentiation is emerging also within institutions and a new kind of academic who could be termed ‘just‐in‐time knowledge worker’ is on the rise.     

知识嫁接学说：一种更具包容性的教学理论

人类知识的传承主要是通过其特有的教与学系统而实现的。以往各种教与学理论只是从不同的角度和侧面阐述了教育教学的部分本质。知识嫁接学说试图综合各种教与学的理论成果,从更开阔更全面的视角来阐释教学的过程和本质。该学说认为,人类的个体知识就像一棵具有三级结构的＂榕树＂,教育教学的过程就是对知识树实施＂嫁接＂的过程。在网络时代,知识嫁接越来越呈现出碎片化的趋势,这就要求我们在知识嫁接的过程中,应特别关注知识之间的亲和力,掌握知识嫁接的时机,对不同种类的知识采用不同的嫁接技术。在人类知识的传承过程中,复制与模仿是知识嫁接的重要方式之一,知识嫁接成功的标志就是知识由短期记忆转变为长期记忆。今天的教育教学应该将自下而上的学习与自上而下的学习结合起来,以最终实现知识创新的目标。     

“借与鉴”:日本的教师专业

日本是教师专业化运动起步较早的国家。19世纪60年代,日本公明党在有关教师职业属性问题的争论中,先于联合国教科文组织认为“教师职业是一种专业”,明确提出教师肩负有“教育下一代的专业性使命”。19世纪80年代,世界范围内掀起的教     

Towards a Collaborative Approach to Teacher Empowerment

This paper outlines a project based on an approach to teacher empowerment through collaborative action research. Using accounts from teachers involved in the project, the conditions necessary for the development of collegiality on in-service courses are explored. The nature and significance of agenda setting and ways of introducing tools for empowerment are described. The use of collaborative autobiography (CA), interpersonal process recall (1PR) and a general supervisory framework (GSF) are analysed in detail. The paper concludes with comment on the extent to which teachers are empowered by these tools to reconstruct the complex relationships between power, knowledge, ideology and schooling which dominate much of their working lives.     

教师个人特征中的价值与态度：走向教师教育改革

人类教育发展的历史证明,教师在教育中处于中心地位并对教育产生重大影响。在对政策、课程内容和过程方法等教师教育的主要方面进行改革的同时,信息技术的使用、质的评估、研究、网络等也异常重要。教师专业化不应局限于传统意义上的对学历资格的要求、对知识与技能的掌握,还应该包括今日优质教学所必需的个人品质、价值和态度。21世纪呼唤一种基于四大学习支柱的新教育范式的产生。一种教与学的整体分析方法旨在培养学生认知、情感与积极的态度,提高学生在知识、理解力与洞察力、价值与态度、技巧等方面的综合能力,并倡导一种更加灵活多样的评价方法。     

走向更加开放的大学通识教育

<正>黄俊杰教授在《21世纪大学理念的激荡与通识教育的展望》一文中,针对当今大学通识教育注重"开拓视野"、"获得创新创业能力"、"提升国民文化素养"等"效益观"和"工具论",提出,"我们居今日而言‘通识教育’,应将现在流行的‘工具论’教育哲学,翻转而为‘非工具论’的立场,我们才能直探通识教育的本质,才能掌握通识教育的内在价值。"这里值得商榷的是:在实践中,"工具论"与"非工具论"是否必然表现为二元对立、非此即彼的选择?     

Differential Teacher Effectiveness: Towards a model for research and teacher appraisal

The article reviews the research on teacher effectiveness and develops the case for a model of teacher effectiveness in which differential effectiveness is incorporated. Five problems with current concepts of teacher effectiveness are identified: undue influence of available techniques upon the concept; emphasis on school, to the detriment of teacher, effectiveness; tenuous relationship to teacher improvement; narrowness of operational definitions in research; and the development of generic, rather than differentiated, models. In addition the failure of existing models to explain variance in pupil outcome at the classroom level, the neglect of teacher self-evaluation, and the restricted measures of pupil outcomes are noted. A differential model is proposed incorporating five dimensions of difference. These refer to teacher activity, outside as well as inside the classroom; curriculum subject; pupil background factors; pupil personal characteristics; cultural and organisational contexts of teaching. The developmental functions of such a model for research and for teacher appraisal are explored. Four problems for implementing a differentiated model are raised: complexity, stakeholder expectations, values, and policy acceptability. These are considered in the light of the controversial Hay McBer model in England and of models developed in Europe and the USA in the early decades of the last century.