Number Knowledge and Young Children’s Ability to Measure Length

Research Findings: In this research we explore the relationship between young children’s number knowledge and their measurement of length. First, we examined 4- to 5-year-olds’ (kindergartners’) understanding of and preference for using standard or nonstandard units to measure length. Second, we investigated whether the following tasks were related to children’s understanding of using standard (i.e., rulers) and nonstandard (i.e., blocks) units to measure length: (a) counting and written number identification knowledge, (b) symbolic or nonsymbolic number magnitude comparison ability, and (c) approximate number line estimation ability. Third, we examined whether understanding these number tasks predicted understanding how to measure length for both standard and nonstandard units. Our results show that young children prefer to use standard units of measurement when given a choice, and some of these children use a ruler correctly. Our results also show an important relationship between children’s understandings of numbers and measurement. Practice or Policy: Given children’s preference for rulers, introducing both nonstandard and standard units in early learning settings concurrently rather than consecutively is recommended for practice.     

How much is it?

教材分析:本课是“OxfordEnglishChangjiangEdition”(4B)第四单元第一课时,主要内容是“SectionA:Kenisatashoppingplaza.Hehassixtyyuanandhewantstobuyapresent.Heisaskingtheshopassis-tantthepricesofsomeitems”。根据这一话题,我确定出本课的目标:重点是用英语认读人民币及货物价格,能通过提供的信息应答“Howmuchisit?Doyouwantone?”,以持续相互间的交谈。我采用听、说、学和演的教学方法,遵循趣味性教学原则、情景教学原则和交际性原则,充分发挥现代教学媒体的优势,使课堂“情趣化、生活化、交际化”,引导学生在一种轻松、自…     

How to Use “Go for it” Effectively

Nowadays there is an argument that task-based practice and approach can promote language knowledge. A number of writers have emphasized this view.Anyway we'd like to expect a satisfactory result during the teach- ing also we can say they want to do the task better.How     

How to ask about the time?

一、when用来询问任何时间。例:1)-When were you born?你什么时候生的? -I was born in1991,我生于1991年。2),-When do you usually go out for a walk?你通常什么时候出去散步?     

Cultural Distance:How is it defined,how is it measured,and what is its relevance to international marketers?

This essay analyses the meaning of culture and in particular aims at reviewing different tools to measure differences be?tween cultures—the so-called cultural distance. Two major tools are considered i...     

How is knowledge generated about memory encoding strategy effectiveness?

This study evaluated how people learn about encoding strategy effectiveness in an associative memory task. Individuals studied two lists of paired associates under instructions to use either a normatively effective strategy (interactive imagery) or a normatively ineffective strategy (rote repetition) for each pair. Questionnaire ratings of imagery effectiveness increased and ratings of repetition effectiveness decreased after task experience, demonstrating new knowledge about strategy effectiveness. Cued recall confidence judgments, measuring confidence in recall accuracy, were almost perfectly correlated with actual recall and strongly correlated with postdictions—estimates of recall for each strategy. A structural regression model revealed that postdictions mediated both changes in second-list predictions and changes in strategy effectiveness ratings, implicating accurate performance estimates based on item-level monitoring as the key to updating strategy knowledge.     

How should unresponsiveness to secondary intervention be operationalized? It is all about the nudge

In the fourth session of the National Research Center on Learning Disabilities Responsiveness-to-Intervention Symposium in 2003, Good, Vellutino, and Torgesen presented papers that addressed the question, How should unresponsiveness to secondary intervention be operationalized in an RTI approach to LD identification? In this commentary, I highlight important areas in which ideas converge across the three presentations. I argue that it will be important, as the field begins to grapple with a definition of unresponsiveness to secondary intervention, that we also specify who should get the intervention, what the intervention should consist of, when the intervention should occur, how long the intervention should last, and by whom the intervention should be applied. Only then can we accurately assess the merits of competing definitions of unresponsiveness.     

What is to be done? Children's ascriptions of conventional obligations

It is often not apparent what people ought to do. Three experiments explored cues that children and adults may use to identify conventional obligations. Experiment 1 addressed the hypothesis that young children identify obligations with expected outcomes. Although preschool-aged (4-5 years) children often expected consistency, they and school-aged (7-8 years) and adult participants indicated that obligations may be at odds with costs and benefits. In Experiment 2, all participants realized that people may have obligations they are unaware of. Preschool-aged children often used information about obligations to identify characters' beliefs. In Experiment 3, preschool but not school-aged children reliably identified obligations with the desires of authorities. The results are discussed in terms of expectations about canonical relations between mental states, outcomes, and obligations.     

How much is it going to cost me to complete a collection of football trading cards?

Trading cards for various sports and a range of other subjects such as architecture, animals, hobbies, and war have been in existence since the late nineteenth century and still enjoy great popularity. Two of the most prominent examples are baseball cards in the U.S. and football cards in Europe. Three strategies for collecting European football trading cards were investigated for two different groups: either a single collector or two collectors joining forces. An activity is proposed in which students use a simulation to compute the factor by which the number of trading cards bought exceeds the number to be collected. This enables them to estimate the expected costs of completing a collection of trading cards. The overall expected costs vary considerably, depending on the strategy used. Savings for a team of two collectors as opposed to a single collector are indicated.     

What is Knowledge in English and Where Does it Come From?

By offering a close reading and interpretation of one conversation between four Year 8 pupils about Robert Swindell’s Stone Cold, I aim to address questions of what might count as knowledge in English and to suggest how it might develop not only out of the qualities of a text, but from particular social relations and a set of pedagogic choices. I argue for a refocusing of attention away from the ‘acquisition’ of ‘cultural capital’ or ‘powerful disciplinary knowledge’ by individual pupils, towards the cultural resources and cultural productivity of pupils and teachers. I go on to suggest that serious consideration of such conversations as evidence of learning poses a significant challenge to dominant theories and research methodologies that locate knowledge and ability within the minds of individual pupils. Instead, my reading of this classroom interaction suggests the creative potential of discussion in diverse, urban classrooms to contribute to a fuller account of learning that pays proper attention to its roots in the social and affective realms. Crucially, part of my argument is that classrooms such as the one in which the conversation took place offer unique opportunities and conditions for the development of a pedagogy that both draws on and negotiates difference and is therefore culturally productive in a wider sense.     

Does Classroom Explicitation of Initial Conceptions Favour Conceptual Change or is it Counter-Productive?

This research investigates the effect of classroom explicitation of initial conceptions (CEIC) on conceptual change in the context of learning electricity. Eight hundred and seventy five thirteen year-olds were tested in laboratory conditions to see if CEIC is or is not a productive step toward conceptual change. All students experienced a problem-based pedagogical treatment called “the electronic challenge.” The randomly determined experimental group was also exposed to CEIC. Data shows a significant beneficial effect of CEIC and no unwanted “contamination effect”, particularly for female subjects.     

How much is it ?——Section A说课设计

(本课选自仁爱版义务教育课程标准实验教科书《英语》七年级上册第4单元第1话题第1部分.) 一、设计理念 本课为使学生获得基本的英语知识和听说技巧,树立以学生为主体,教师为主导的教学观念.     

How much is it?——Section A说课设计

(本课选自仁爱版义务教育课程标准实验教科书《英语》七年级上册第4单元第1话题第1部分。)一、设计理念本课为使学生获得基本的英语知识和听说技巧,树立以学生为主体,教师为主导的教学观念。面向全     

“Unit 5 How much is it?”教学设计

<正>【教学目标】1.知识目标:能听、说、认读四个单词:colourful,pretty,cheap,expensive;掌握描述颜色和价格的句子:It is colourfulprettycheapexpensive.2.能力目标:能在实际生活中运用句型,并能作相应的替换。3.情感目标:能以得体的方式与人交际。【教学重难点】单词pretty,colourful,cheap,expensive的认读;单词expensive的发音。【教学过程】Step I:Warm Up1.Creeting:Hello!How are you today?…2.Sing a song.3.Free Talk,复习服饰类单词。     

What does it mean to be Irish? Children's construction of national identity1

Ideas relating to identity and belonging are central to the public discourse around citizenship that has emerged in Ireland and internationally in recent years. One thread of that discourse relates to the role of national identity in societies that are increasingly diverse and multicultural. In view of the growing importance of citizenship education, understanding children's ideas about national identity is vital if educators are to engage children in the construction of an hospitable, critical and reflective citizenry. This research was undertaken in two phases during 2003 and 2004. Participating in the study were 119 children, drawn from a range of social contexts. Premised on a social constructivist view of children and childhood, the research drew on participative and democratic methodologies. While the study suggests the existence of an essentialist conception of Irish identity, it also demonstrates the capacity and willingness of children to engage in critical reflection on their constructions of Irishness.