关于死刑存废的法学思考

死刑是刑罚制度中剥夺人的生命权的刑罚手段，基于它的残酷、不可逆转和侵犯人的基本人权．在日益尊重人权、尊重生命，要求法制体现文明、民主的时代潮流下，死刑的存废问题在我国学术界引起了广泛的争议。文章从我国死刑政策的确立、完善、现实国情和基本民意诸方面阐述了目前我国还必须保留死刑的原因和依据，并就目前我国死刑制度存在的一些缺陷和问题提出了一孔之见。     

Formative evaluation applied to a learning hierarchy

A formative evaluation method applicable to learning hierarchies is described which simplifies data collection by employing results from a posttest. Relations among pairs of lower and higher elements of a portion of a previously formulated hierarchy for graphic skills in kinematics were tested by means of data obtained from a posttest given to 148 secondary-school students. Results were compared with those previously obtained for the same hierarchy by a rigorous validation method. Correspondence of the two sets of results was high. Examination of test responses for discrepant instances yielded further information of value. Results additionally indicate hierarchical relationships to be the same in retention as they were for learning.     

Whiplash shaking syndrome: retinal hemorrhages and computerized axial tomography of the brain

Three cases of whiplash shaking injury of infants are presented. All children presented with seizures and had minimal signs of external injury. Examination of the retina revealed extensive retinal hemorrhages. These were missed on initial examination and were only discovered after pupillary dilatation. The presence of these palecentered retinal hemorrhages suggested the diagnosis of child abuse and skeletal surveys and thorough social histories confirmed the diagnosis. Despite extensive retinal hemorrhages, computerized axial tomography (C.T.) scan showed minimal inter-hemispheric bleeding. In contrast to the "Battered Child Syndrome," all the findings in whiplash shaking syndrome of infants are subtle and demand an awareness, an index of suspicion and a thorough examination which may include extensive retinal examination following dilatation of the pupils. This latter examination is frequently not performed by family physicians and residents so that the syndrome may be missed. A fourth case is also discussed where shaking is admitted on initial presentation but said to be done for resuscitation. This poses an immense diagnostic dilemma to the pediatrician since in this case the child presented later with all the signs of physical abuse.     

采用下标方法讲授起泡法排序

在传统的计算机程序设计语言教学中,大多数的教科书,对起泡法排序的讲述,都是通过分析“次数”及“轮次”的方法来实现数列的起泡法排序。文章从教学的实际环节出发,介绍采用“下标法”来讲授数列中的起泡法排序的特点及要领。     

现代远程开放教育教与学模式研究

本文分析了现代远程开放教育教与学的框架结构特点,提出了教与学“四位一体”的框架模式,有一定的参考价值。     

也说高适岑参诗歌的比较研究

文章从高适、岑参诗坛登台谢幕状况、厚积薄发路数、诗歌情感主流等方面,分析了他们诗歌创作的差异性,力求深化高岑诗歌比较研究.     

有机合成中关于芳烃侧链氧化的应用

综述了近年来芳烃侧链氧化反应在精细有机合成领域的应用进展.着重讨论了用廉价、低污染、选择性氧化芳香族化合物的侧链来制备相应的醇、醛、酮和羧酸等的方法,探讨了芳烃侧链氧化反应的发展方向.     

基于Chen-Mobius变换的通信系统抗噪声性能分析——线性双边带调制解调

在基于Chen—Mobius变换所建立的通信系统的基础上,对其抗噪声性能做归纳和分析。应用Madab仿真软件中的simulink工具建立Chen—Mobius通信系统模型,对加噪信号进行去噪处理的结果表明,模型运行性能良好。且具有比较好的抗噪声性能。构造了线性双边带调制相干解调时抗噪声系统的模型,从理论上推导出系统的增益,并给出相应的性能分析。     

The role of objectives in guiding the organization of information learned from text

This study was designed to identify how objectives influence the organization of the information recalled from text. Three hypotheses were investigated: (1) that objectives affect the sequence of attention to information in text, (2) that they affect the sequence in which information is rehearsed during a review period, or (3) that they serve as a set of cues at retrieval. One hundred college students read objectives either before or after reading a passage (varying the opportunity for objectives to affect the sequence of attention). They then either had or did not have a review period (varying the opportunity to use objectives to sequence rehearsal and also varying the presence of the objectives in memory at the time of retrieval). One hundred more students read the passage in control conditions with objectives available throughout the reading or with no objectives available. Results showed that students given objectives after reading but before a review period had more clustering by objectives in free recall than did those who never saw objectives, supporting the hypothesis that organization by objectives occurs during rehearsal. No evidence was found to support the notion that organization by objectives occurs during encoding or retrieval phases.     

Theme and prose comprehension: Understanding or depth-of-processing?

Context orientation and depth of processing were tested as possible explanations for thematic organization. In the first experiment, the process of searching for the theme of concrete versions of prose passages by undergraduates was detrimental to subsequent recall. On the other hand, theme statements facilitated recall when provided prior to concrete as well as abstract versions of each passage. Finally, the theme search process with the abstract versions was beneficial only when the correct theme was identified. A second experiment provided further data supporting the comprehension hypothesis for theme organization when precise, instructor-generated theme statements were used instead of learner-generated themes.     

An analysis of factors related to the attitudes of regular classroom teachers toward mainstreaming mildly handicapped children

A model of factors was developed in order to examine variables that might be associated with the attitudes of regular classroom teachers toward mainstreaming mildly handicapped children. Using multiple linear regression analyses, the following variables were found to be significant predictors of a positive attitude toward mainstreaming: team-teaching, years of teaching experience (negative correlation), course in diagnosing learning and behavior problems, availability of resource teacher, previous special education teaching experience, number of courses taken in special education, number of students in classroom (25–27), and inservice program experience related to exceptional children. An examination of these predictors suggests that they may be used to select those regular educators who are likely candidates for implementing mainstreaming programs and that school systems can inhance their mainstreaming efforts by arranging the integration settings to conform with these predictors of positive attitude.     

Major Survey Findings of Listening to MothersSM III: Pregnancy and Birth: Report of the Third National U.S. Survey of Women’s Childbearing Experiences

To understand the experiences and views of childbearing women in the United States and trends over time, Childbirth Connection carried out the third national Listening to Mothers survey among 2,400 women who gave birth in U.S. hospitals to a single baby from mid-2011 to mid-2012 and could participate in English. Harris Interactive conducted the survey using a validated methodology that includes data weighting to ensure that results closely reflect the target population. Results of the initial survey describe experiences from before pregnancy through the early postpartum period, and were reported in Listening to Mothers III: Pregnancy and Birth. A follow-up survey directed to the same participants explored postpartum experiences, attitudes about maternity care, and some additional pregnancy and birth items.     

外语教师公民意识现状分析与研究

一项关于福建省中学英语教师公民意识现状的研究表明：外语教师公民意识表现在其认识不清和知识不足,特别是其权责意识、民主意识和法律较为薄弱。外语教师普通公民意识薄弱的原因在于教师教育与公民意识教育没有相互兼容,即其知识基础和职前教育课程设置中缺乏公民意识教育的相关内容。     

克服负面效应享受科技进步

科学技术的发展使人类不断获得征服自然的新的力量和财富，但人们在普遍享用现代科技带来的福祉的同时，也在吞噬着技术危害的苦果。事实证明科技负效应的根源在于人，在于人类对科技运用的不恰当。这是现代科技的悲剧。要走出这一困境，唯一的出路就是改变传统价值观念，树立起以人与自然协调发展为核心的新的科技观。也只有这样我们的社会才可能走向真正的可持续发展之路。     

外商在华股份公司的最初发展--关于近代中国股份公司制度起源的研究

近代中国的股份公司制度是在外国资本的刺激和促动下产生的,要了解近代中国股份公司制度的起源,首先必须研究外商在华股份公司的最初发展。股份公司在近代中国的出现,与19世纪中叶世界范围的科技革命以及中外贸易方式的改变有关,也与这种形势下外商在华洋行面临着资金短缺等严重的生存压力有关。1862年,美国旗昌洋行采取种种办法在华商中募股,组建了上海轮船公司。在航运领域之后,金融、制造以及公用事业等行业也相继出现了外商洋行组建的股份公司,这些公司中都有大量的华商附股。直到19世纪70年代,中国人自主创办的股份公司正式成立。洋行在组建股份公司的过程中,曾受到中国当时的经济发展水平和传统经营习惯的制约,为了克服困难,这些股份公司纷纷采取对策,作出调整,结果导致股份公司制度发生了变异:股银分期缴纳制、官利制和有业务股东优惠分红制等外生制度就是这种变异的集中表现。     

Major Survey Findings of Listening to MothersSM III: New Mothers Speak Out: Report of National Surveys of Women’s Childbearing Experiences ? Conducted October–December 2012 and January–April 2013

To understand the experiences and views of childbearing women in the United States and trends over time, Childbirth Connection carried out the third national Listening to Mothers survey among 2,400 women who gave birth in U.S. hospitals to a single baby from mid-2011 to mid-2012 and could participate in English. A follow-up survey directed to the same participants explored postpartum experiences, in depth and well into the second year after birth; views about maternity care; and some additional pregnancy and birth items. Harris Interactive conducted the surveys using a validated methodology that includes data weighting to ensure that results closely reflect the target population. The follow-up survey was reported in Listening to Mothers III: New Mothers Speak Out.     

加快发展惠东县乡镇个体私营经济的探讨

非公有制经济已经成为我国社会主义市场经济的重要组成部分，如何引导并扶持其发展成为我们亟待解决的课题。结合惠东县乡镇个体私营经济发展的实际，对其发展过程中存在的问题及如何发展提出对策性建议。     

基于WEB平台网络教学系统设计初探

章介绍基于WEB平台的网络教学系统的设计原则、系统的功能分析，就如何提高系统的实用性、交互性和启发性，作了初步的探讨。