贪官也是档案造假能手--原阜新市公安局长毛景祥涉嫌伪造档案

2002年11月25日晚,负案潜逃四年半的原辽宁省阜新市公安局局长毛景祥同其老婆、外甥女一起到阜新市委投案.至此,由公安部向全国发出通缉令、辽宁省公安厅公开悬赏30万元的毛景祥在逃一案宣告破获.     

在线专家评审系统的局限性及对策

针对科技期刊专家远程评审系统运行中存在的主要问题,通过分析专家远程评审系统的运行情况,探讨专家远程评审系统存在的局限性及其对策,提出多种沟通方式与网络审稿方式相结合的稿件审理模式,以提高网上审稿的实效性和效率。     

胸中有策 徐行不哗——访著名国际问题专家俞邃

俞邃,中联部调研咨询小组成员、研究员,中国社科院世界社会主义研究中心特邀研究员,中国国际战略学会高级顾问,北京大学、国防大学等10所著名高校兼职教授,很早就从事苏联问题研究,后又扩展到国际问题以至国际关系理论,在中央级报刊上发表了有关国际形势和中国外交的论文200多篇,出版了《莫斯科的冬与春——一个时代的终结》(在越南翻译出版并多次再版)、《苏联解体前后》、《俄罗斯萧墙内外》等专著以及20多部合著、编著和译著。1999年9月当选为国际自然和社会科学院院士,并被俄罗斯科学院远东研究所授予荣誉博士学位。2000年1月江泽民同志曾个别约请他前去详细征询对国际形势的看法。     

Distributed knowledge acquisition for the automatic construction of integrated expert systems

The authors discuss the problem of distributed knowledge acquisition for the construction of complete and consistent databases in integrated expert systems via the sharing of knowledge sources of different topologies (experts, problem-oriented texts, and electronic media in the form of databases). The emphasis is on the models, methods, and algorithms of distributed knowledge acquisition from databases as additional knowledge sources. The authors describe the architecture and basic facilities of distributed knowledge acquisition, which function as a part of the AT-TECHNOLOGY tool complex.     

Peer training in expert searching: the observation effect.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to determine if searchers' observing each others' search processes is an effective training method and if sharing through observation can strengthen search skills. METHOD: A shared email account was established among all public services librarians conducting literature searches at the Ehrman Medical Library. Three questionnaires were sent to the public services librarians soliciting input on the shared-search process. The results were analyzed for this study. RESULTS: The shared-search process has helped searchers become more effective in searching. Colleagues' viewing of the search results is a major factor influencing the searchers' performance. CONCLUSIONS: Easy to implement, the peer-training model is an effective way to train searchers as well as help keep skills up to date.     

On the methodological foundations for the creation of expert systems for practical psychology

The creation of expert systems (ESs) for psychodiagnostics is analyzed. “Developmental” ESs are proposed for the modeling of professional activity. Some foundations for building such ESs are formulated. The prototype of the “Psychodiagnosis” ES is described as an example.     

专家办刊结合专业办刊双管模式的实践和成果

以《中国科学:物理学力学天文学》(英文版)[Science China:Physics Mechanics&Astronomy》(SCPMA)]期刊为例,结合办刊模式的转变,介绍编委会工作重心的调整,以及编辑在稿件审理中的作用.通过将专家办刊调整为专家办刊结合专业办刊的双管模式后,编委的更多工作侧重于约稿和宣传,而编辑部在稿件的评审过程中,尤其是初筛过程中的作用更为明显.模式转变后,期刊的约稿比例明显上升,约稿质量带动期刊的影响力提升,影响因子由2013年的0.864提升至2015年的1.575.同时,编委的宣传带动期刊的品牌效应,使期刊越来越多地展示于各大学术会议,为期刊带来更多关注和高水平投稿.由此可以看出,新形势下模式的转变可促进期刊的更快发展,提升期刊的稿源质量.     

Providing an expert information environment for the practical monitoring of innovative structures

The content of the information structure in Russia and its difficulties and problems are discussed. The features of individualization of expert and analyst work, as well as the weaknesses and disadvantages of the provision of qualimetric data are considered. Special attention is paid to the nanoindustry and nanomaterials program.     

群审稿——一种专家主动审稿模式的探索

针对当前同行评议效率低的情况,将微信群或QQ群引入审稿中,提出—种专家主动审稿的模式——群审稿,并阐述了该模式的审稿过程.结合工作实践,指出了构建审稿群要考虑的要素:期刊建群数量、每个编辑能管好群的数量、审稿群的人数,以及群审稿专家遴选原则.详细介绍了编辑和审稿专家在群审稿过程中的主要工作.分析了群审稿模式的优势:能做到精准送审、及时审回;审稿信息的传达安全、快捷;对于防止学术不端行为有一定的效果;专家之间、专家与编辑之间能即时互动;容易附加增值服务.     

An expert system for predicting approval plan receipts

This paper explores the use of expert systems technology in one aspect of library acquisitions, the approval plan profile. The methodologies for determining whether a requested title would be received on approval were encoded in an expert system. The system design and test is described. Some of the advantages to using expert system technologies and the difficulties which were encountered are described. The future potential of expert systems for library acquisitions is addressed. A selected bibliography is included.     

Using expert evaluations to complete centralized library systems

An interactive system of expert evaluations of offers made by the Russian and foreign information market of scientific literature issued in both printed and electronic form is described. The system supports the database of experts and the periodically updated database of offers of the information market. An expert evaluation is carried out over the internet from a special division of the LNS RAS site, access to which is available only to authorized users, i.e., experts. Expert selectors make decisions about ordering various editions for funding from the centralized library system by analyzing tables formed based on processed results from expert evaluations with the help of specially created software tools.     

Defining digital transformation: Results from expert interviews

Digital transformation approaches outside the public sector are changing citizens' expectations of governments' ability to deliver high-value, real-time digital services. In response to the changing expectations and triggered by supranational agreements, governments are changing their mode of operation to improve public service delivery, be more efficient and effective in their designs, and achieve objectives such as increased transparency, interoperability, or citizen satisfaction. However, beyond the availability of consultancy reports, there is little systematic insight into the way that public administrators themselves are currently defining digital transformation in their own day-to-day practices, how they are approaching digital transformation projects, and what their expected outcomes are. We provide an empirically-based definition of digital transformation derived from expert interviews and develop a conceptual framework with reasons for, processes to, and expected outcomes of digital transformation in the public sector.     

The role of expert searching in the Family Physicians' Inquiries Network (FPIN).

OBJECTIVE: This article describes the contributions of medical librarians, as members of the Family Physicians' Inquiries Network (FPIN), to the creation of a database of clinical questions and answers that allows family physicians to practice evidence-based medicine using high-quality information at the point of care. The medical librarians have contributed their evidence-based search expertise and knowledge of information systems that support the processes and output of the consortium. METHODS: Since its inception, librarians have been included as valued members of the FPIN community. FPIN recognizes the search expertise of librarians, and each FPIN librarian must meet qualifications demonstrating appropriate experience and training in evidence-based medicine. The consortium works collaboratively to produce the Clinical Inquiries series published in family medicine publications. RESULTS: Over 170 Clinical Inquiries have appeared in Journal of Family Practice (JFP) and American Family Physician (AFP). Surveys have shown that this series has become the most widely read part of the JFP Website. As a result, FPIN has formalized specific librarian roles that have helped build the organizational infrastructure. CONCLUSIONS: All of the activities of the consortium are highly collaborative, and the librarian community reflects that. The FPIN librarians are valuable and equal contributors to the process of creating, updating, and maintaining high-quality clinical information for practicing primary care physicians. Of particular value is the skill of expert searching that the librarians bring to FPIN's products.     

State of the art of expert searching: results of a Medical Library Association survey.

OBJECTIVES: Medical Library Association (MLA) members were surveyed to gather background about the current state of expert searching in institutions. The survey results were intended to guide the recommendations of the Task Force on Expert Searching for promoting the importance of expert searching and implementing those recommendations. METHODS: MLA members were surveyed, and data obtained from the survey were compiled and analyzed to answer three general questions: what is the perceived value of searching skills to the institution, how do health sciences librarians maintain and improve their searching skills, and how are searching services promoted and/or mandated in the institution. RESULTS: There were 256 responses to the survey. Over 95% of the respondents saw their expert-searching skills were of value to their institutions, primarily through performing mediated searches and search consultations. Over 83% of the respondents believed that their searching skills had improved over the past 10 years. Most indicated that continued training was very important in maintaining and improving their skills. Respondents promoted searching services most frequently through orientations, brochures, and the libraries' Web pages. No respondent's institution mandated expert searching. Less than 2% of respondents' institutions had best practice guidelines related to expert searching, and only about 8% had guidelines or policies that identified situations where expert searching was recommended. CONCLUSIONS: The survey supports the belief that health sciences librarians still play a valuable role in searching, particularly in answering questions about treatment options and in providing education. It also highlights the need for more expert searching courses. There has been minimal discussion about the perceived need for expert-searching guidelines in the institutions represented by survey respondents.     

A knowledge-based expert systems application in library acquisitions: Monographs

The decision-making process in any environment, including the library, is potentially subjective and arbitrary. The impetus for this research has been to eliminate the discretionary component in vendor selection by designing a quantitative decision-making model. Technically, the model is based on the artificial intelligence concept known as an expert system. The model uses rules provided by the expert, policies of the individual institution, and quantitative decision techniques to assign orders to vendors. Advantages to this knowledge-based model are the following: (1) assurance of quantitative objectivity; (2) efficient allocation of limited resources; (3) improved use of personnel time; (4) creation of a database of vendor price structuring; and (5) usefulness as a training resource.     

Discriminative probabilistic models for expert search in heterogeneous information sources

In many realistic settings of expert finding, the evidence for expertise often comes from heterogeneous knowledge sources. As some sources tend to be more reliable and indicative than the others, different information sources need to receive different weights to reflect their degrees of importance. However, most previous studies in expert finding did not differentiate data sources, which may lead to unsatisfactory performance in the settings where the heterogeneity of data sources is present. In this paper, we investigate how to merge and weight heterogeneous knowledge sources in the context of expert finding. A relevance-based supervised learning framework is presented to learn the combination weights from training data. Beyond just learning a fixed combination strategy for all the queries and experts, we propose a series of discriminative probabilistic models which have increasing capability to associate the combination weights with specific experts and queries. In the last (and also the most sophisticated) proposed model, the combination weights depend on both expert classes and query topics, and these classes/topics are derived from expert and query features. Compared with expert and query independent combination methods, the proposed combination strategy can better adjust to different types of experts and queries. In consequence, the model yields much flexibility of combining data sources when dealing with a broad range of expertise areas and a large variation in experts. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that designs discriminative learning models to rank experts. Empirical studies on two real world faculty expertise testbeds demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed discriminative learning models.     

网络化时代科技期刊审稿专家队伍的组建与管理

结合工作实际,分析了网络时代审稿工作的特点,提出了建立审稿专家队伍的方法和思路,指出了维护和及时更新审稿专家库的重要性和必要性。     

高校图书馆引进其他学科专业人才的必要性及障碍分析

文章从三方面论证了信息时代的高校图书馆引进其他学科专业人才的必要性和迫切性,分析了这一进程将遇到的障碍,并给出了前瞻性的解决策略.