矩阵习题课教学中应加强的几个问题

本文讨论了在矩阵习题课教学中要加强:利用多项式除法求证逆矩阵;利用初等变换解矩阵方程;利用矩阵的特征值证明正定矩阵等问题,以便加深学生对矩阵知识的理解.     

半正定二次型的性质及应用

本文在正定二次型的基础上定义了半正定二次型，并给出了半正定二次型的一些性质及其证明，最后用半正定二次型的有关知识解决了一类初等数学问题——不等式证明。     

正定矩阵的简单应用

利用正定矩阵的定义和充要条件来证明相关矩阵正定性及命题     

关于正定矩阵的Hadamand不等式的证明

首先指出丁卫平《关于正定矩阵一不等式的简单证明》一文给出的关于正定矩阵的Hadamand不等式的证明是不恰当的,然后按该文的思路,利用正定矩阵的有关性质给出正确的证明。     

离散代数Riccati方程解的上下界估计

假设离散代数Riccati方程(DARE)解存在,利用矩阵对(A,B)的可控性构造半正定矩阵,进而求得离散代数黎卡提方程(DARE)的一个上界和三个下界,并证明对其中一个下界进行迭代可以得到DARE的迭代解;最后我们给出了一个数值例子来证明上下界的有效性以及迭代法的高效性.     

正定矩阵的简单应用

利用正定矩阵的定义和充要条件来证明相关矩阵正定性及命题。     

矩阵方程AXAT+BYBT=C的广义正定解

研究矩阵方程AXAT BYBT=C的广义正定解。利用广义奇异值分解给出该矩阵方程有解的充要条件及解的通式。     

一类分块矩阵的正定性判别方法

本文主要是利用正定矩阵的概念、相关性质以及有关结论给出了一类2n阶实对称矩阵为正定矩阵的充分必要条件,并给出了详细的证明过程。     

若干阿达马不等式的证明

利用正定二次型的性质,给出阿达马不等式的证明。     

一类矩阵方程的对称半正定解

利用广义奇异值分解和广义逆给出了矩阵方程AXAT+BYBT=C有对称半正定解的充要条件及解的表达式.     

论数学哲学中的直觉主义思想

数学哲学中的直觉主义学派高度重视直觉和个人的创造性思维在科学实践中的作用，这具有积极的意义，它对排中律和间接证明方法有效性的质疑，揭示了经典逻辑只具有相对的真理性；它所倡导的构造性和能行性的研究方法，促进了人工智能和计算机科学的发展。但是，对直觉功能的过分夸大则并不足取。     

关于使用延拓思维解高数证明题的教学方法

从一类数学证明题求索证明方法的规律,引导学生自主发现、寻求证明方法。     

公式蕴含的证法

本论文介绍了公式蕴含的几种证法:真值表法、等价演算法、直接证法、间接证法等,灵活应用公式蕴含的证明方法,有利于逻辑推理的顺利进行。     

First‐year secondary school mathematics students’ conceptions of mathematical proofs and proving

The aim of this study is to investigate students’ conceptions about proof in mathematics and mathematics teaching. A five‐point Likert‐type questionnaire was administered in order to gather data. The sample of the study included 33 first‐year secondary school mathematics students (at the same time student teachers). The data collected were analysed and interpreted using the methods of qualitative and quantitative analysis. The results have revealed that the students think that mathematical proof has an important place in mathematics and mathematics education. The students’ studying methods for exams based on imitative reasoning which can be described as a type of reasoning built on copying proof, for example, by looking at a textbook or course notes proof or through remembering a proof algorithm. Moreover, they addressed to the differences between mathematics taught in high school and university as the main cause of their difficulties in proof and proving.     

An assessment model for proof comprehension in undergraduate mathematics

Although proof comprehension is fundamental in advanced undergraduate mathematics courses, there has been limited research on what it means to understand a mathematical proof at this level and how such understanding can be assessed. In this paper, we address these issues by presenting a multidimensional model for assessing proof comprehension in undergraduate mathematics. Building on Yang and Lin’s (Educational Studies in Mathematics 67:59–76, 2008) model of reading comprehension of proofs in high school geometry, we contend that in undergraduate mathematics a proof is not only understood in terms of the meaning, logical status, and logical chaining of its statements but also in terms of the proof’s high-level ideas, its main components or modules, the methods it employs, and how it relates to specific examples. We illustrate how each of these types of understanding can be assessed in the context of a proof in number theory.     

不等式的几种证明方法

证明不等式是高等数学学习中的一个重点和难点,通过解答考研数学中出现的不等式试题,对一些常用的不等式证明方法进行总结。     

On the infinitude of the prime numbers

Euclid’s elegant proof that there are infinitely many prime numbers is well known. Elder proved the same result, in fact a stronger one, byanalytical methods. This article gives an exposition of Euler’s proof introducing the necessary concepts along the way.     

Bianchi恒等式的证明与应用

利用协变微分及反对称性证明了Bianchi恒等式,并加以应用.改进了部分学者的证明方法,为初学者提供了通俗易懂的证明思路与应用技巧.     

再探柯西中值定理

本文多角度介绍了柯西中值定理的证明方法和应用。其中证明方法有:利用闭区间套定理证明、利用反证法证明.其应用方面为:证明一致连续、研究定点问题、作为函数与导数的关系、推导中值公式.