当前英格兰学校督导体系述评

在保障学校教育质量及其评估方面,英格兰居世界领先地位。本文对近期英格兰学校督导体系的调整和改革作了概括性介绍,以期对我国学校的督导改革有所裨益。     

英格兰教育督导值得注意的经验

英格兰的教育督导历史悠久,近年来又不断改革完善,在英格兰教育事业中发挥着举足轻重的作用,在世界上享有盛誉。从1839年政府任命首批女王督学至今,英格兰教育督导在160多年的历史进程中,积累了丰富的经验,形成了一套完备的督导体系。英格兰教育督导从基本理念、基本定位,到督学队伍建设、督导过程规范,有很多有益的经验值得我们研究和借鉴。英格兰教育督导在演变与发展进程中,始终贯穿着这样一个基本理念:如果教育机构接受了公共财政的资助,那它就必须接受代表公众利益的督导。这是英格兰教育督导诞生的初始原因,也是它能够延续发展至今并…     

以变应变:英格兰职前教师教育督导的变革依据与关键特征

教师教育的专项督导是高等教育分类督导体系建设中不可或缺的一部分.英格兰教育标准局主持的职前教师教育督导根据基础教育变革、教师发展、疫情冲击及时调整督导内容、方法与运行方式,以保障教育系统运行有序,规范教师教育合作伙伴的多元供给,提升职前教师教育的质量.以变应变的趋势之下,英格兰政府始终坚持教师教育的公共性,教育标准局作为监管者在开展教师教育督导时以法律为基础,以学习者需求为重;通过问责确保公共资金的投入物有所值;为消费者提供独立、可比较的评估信息;鼓励但不介入教师教育合作伙伴的改进.在充分理解英格兰教师教育督导的合理性、特殊性与局限性的基础上,可获得改善我国教师教育督导的洞见.     

英格兰教育督导制度的现状、特点及启示

英格兰的教育督导制度历史悠久,从1839年初建立教育督导机构至今已有170多年的发展历史,从中央到地方建立了一整套完善健全的督导制度,在英格兰的教育发展事业中充分发挥了指导和监控作用。     

随机督导：真实有效而独具特殊价值

随机督导作为一种教育督导形式,是指在不影响学校正常教育教学活动的前提下,事先不通知学校,教育督导人员直接到学校实地观察,对当天学校教育教学活动作出如实的记录描述,向学校提出相对具体的整改意见和建议,并将学校的实际情况供教育督导部门决策参考的一种督导方式。随机督导因其求真务实、注重实效而具有独特优势和特殊价值,是专项督导、综合督导的重要补充,对增强教育督导的实效性,更好地推进教育的改革与发展起着至关重要的作用。     

学校教育督导评估亟待改革——以江苏省南京市为例

本文以江苏省南京市为研究区域,深入调查研究了学校教育督导评估的现状,仔细分析了南京市学校教育督导评估的问题及其原因,并针对性地提出了整合评估方案、改革评估方法、制定评估规划、建立评估队伍等改革学校教育督导评估的方法和措施,以期为我国中小学校教育督导评估的顺利改革奠基。     

教学督导及其在电大系统中地位与作用的若干思考

指导思想不断提高质量是各级各类高等学校的永恒主题.学校教育事业的改革和发展,只有决策和执行是不够的,对决策和执行情况必须实行监督,对教学质量和管理水平必须调查分析并作出评价.教学督导就是对教学过程行使监督和评价职责的教育行为.从某种意义上说,督导制度是教育现代化的重要标志之一,没有教学督导就不是完整的、现代意义上的学校教育.……     

英格兰教育督导制度的现状、特点及启示

本文从教育督导机构和队伍、督导制度实施以及督导报告内容和特点三个方面探讨了英格兰教育督导制度的现状,总结出其教育督导制度体系的特点,并从中吸取成功经验,以求创建具有中国特色的教育督导制度新体系。     

当前县级教育督导中存在的问题及对策谈

现阶段的县级教育督导主要关注中小学教育及其他有关工作。它的建立和运行,对推进教育改革与发展起到了积极的作用。随着社会的发展,教育督导的方式方法也存在着诸多需要改进的地方。一、当前县级教育督导中存在的问题1.督导评估缺乏针对性近些年来县级教育督导部门对学校督导评估采用的都是"一把尺     

英国学校督导工作指南

英格兰皇家首席督学根据“1992年(学校)教育法”制定的《学校督导框架(Frameworkfor the Inspection of Schools)》是英国学校督导工作的纲领性文件.它不仅为英国学校督导体制的发展提供了一个新框架,更为英国的学校督导的具体展开提供了工作指南.有关“新框架”的主要内容,笔者在本刊的前一期中已作了详细的评述,本文在此主要介绍文件第二部分的内容——“学校督导工作指南.”这不仅包括英国学校督导工作的范围,还涉及到对学校各方面工作进行督导所依据的“评估标准”与“评估证据”,以及督学的“督导报告”应包含的全部内容.我们相信,这一指导英国督学开展学校评估工作的纲领性文件,对进一步规范我国的学校评估工作,完善我国的学校督导体制,具有相当大的借鉴意义.     

>OFSTED: inspecting schools and improvement through inspection

Approximately one‐third of all maintained secondary schools in England, and a smaller tranche of nursery, primary and special schools, were inspected under the arrangements set out in Section 9 of the 1992 Education (Schools) Act by the end of 1994. This article reviews some aspects of quality assurance in the national inspection system in England. It looks in particular at the improvement of inspection and at improvement through inspection. Continuous improvement of the inspection system reflects feedback from key stakeholders, as well as work by OFSTED to incorporate new developments. Improvement through inspection, broadly defined, has to cover both what occurs at the individual school level and in the system at large as a result of inspection. We argue that an effective inspection system can provide a powerful incentive for, as well as directly contributing to, school improvement and development     

New regimes of truth: The impact of performative school self evaluation systems on teachers' professional identities

The revised inspection system in England requires schools to maintain a web-based self-evaluation, which is then used as the basis for high-stakes external inspection. This paper develops a Foucauldian analysis of interview data from a single case study site to illustrate the ways that new regimes of truth are created within schools and to consider the impact of disciplinary systems on teachers' professional identities.     

Do OFSTED Inspections of Secondary Schools Make a Difference to GCSE Results?

The Office for Standards in Education (OFSTED) aims to improve school performance through inspection. A government indicator of a secondary school's performance in England and Wales is the students' success in examinations. The examination results of over 3000 OFSTED inspected secondary schools offering students for General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) examination during the 1992 to 1997 inspection cycle were modelled statistically. For kinds of schools where achievement was already much higher or lower than the average (e.g. selective schools), inspection was associated with slight improvements in achievement. For county, local education authority maintained, comprehensive schools (the largest single group), inspection did not improve examination achievement. Some implications for school improvement are discussed.     

How can the inspection process enhance improvement in special schools?

Abstract

The new system for the inspection of special schools was introduced in England in September 1994, using common criteria as those used for mainstream schools. One of the main purposes of inspection stated by the Office for Standards in Education (OFSTED) is school improvement. This paper presents the perceptions of headteachers of the inspection process arising from the first inspections carried out during September‐December 1994. The evidence base used on these inspections is also considered. These data are used to suggest that school improvement can be enhanced by the inspection process under certain conditions. A preliminary exploration of these conditions is provided in the paper. Implications for the school inspection process, school self‐review and future research questions are identified.     

School self‐evaluation and the role of a critical friend

School self‐evaluation is receiving increasing attention in England, partly as a result of changes in the Ofsted inspection framework giving greater prominence to what schools can do to speak for themselves. The relationship between internal self‐evaluation and external inspection was a theme in a high profile policy speech made by the Schools Standards Minister, David Miliband, at the North of England Conference in January 2004. As part of a ‘new relationship with schools’ heralded in the speech, Miliband articulated critical friendship in terms of a ‘school improvement partner’. This article draws upon a number of research projects to critique these proposals, especially in respect of the role of a critical friend in school self‐evaluation. Issues discussed include different models of self and external evaluation, the importance of context, and the various ways in which a critical friend can support school self‐evaluation.     

For-profit schools in England: the state of a nation

Abstract

Trends towards the marketisation of the schooling sector have led to suggestions that state-funded schools in England will soon be allowed to operate on a for-profit basis. This article has two aims: to contribute to understanding of the regulation and characterisation of existing for-profit schools in England; and to assess the claim that for-profit schools ‘significantly outperform’ all independent schools by exploring the use of large scale databases including the National Pupil Database (NPD). This study highlights the growth of the for-profit sector, and the scarcity of legislation detailing the financial governance, educational oversight and staffing requirements of schools in the for-profit schooling sector. The for-profit schooling sector is found to be underperforming in terms of school inspection ratings at a level of statistical significance in comparison to the state funded schooling sector. Furthermore, performance indicators relating to GCSE and A level results suggest that the for-profit sector is underperforming compared to the not-for-profit independent sector. As such, the findings of this research have implications in undermining the neoliberal argument that has driven significant change in the schooling landscape in recent times.     

Evaluation and decentralised governance: Examples of inspections in polycentric education systems

Across Europe schools and other service providers increasingly operate in networks to provide inclusive education or develop and implement more localized school-to-school improvement models. As some education systems move towards more decentralized decision-making where multiple actors have an active role in steering and governing schools, the tasks and responsibilities of Inspectorates of Education must also change. This paper reflects on these changes and suggests ‘polycentric’ inspection models that fit such a decentralized context. Examples of inspection frameworks and methods from Northern Ireland, England and the Netherlands are provided, as well as a brief discussion of the potential impact of such ‘polycentric’ models.     

浅析国际视野下的英国中小学民主公民教育

1998年发布的《科瑞克报告》(Crick Report)将公民教育从2002年开始纳入英国中学必修科目,将公民预备教育也作为小学教育评估的考察内容.无论是老牌民主国家,还是诸如东欧、中欧和拉美等新兴民主国家都认为,民主就其本质而言是脆弱的,它有赖于全体公民的积极参与.本文考察了欧洲及国际视野中的民主公民教育(EDC)背景、英国民主公民教育内涵和英国民主公民教育四大核心主题,分析指出英国民主公民教育所面临的挑战.