教育是事业学校非企业

事业者以服务社会为宗旨,企业者以追逐一已的最大利润为目标。是事业还是企业,决定于其自身的性质,它的本质属性,它存在的目的和任务,社会需要它和允许其存在的原因,以及它与周围事物的关系,其中的主要和本质的关系和联系。所有这些,都是客观的存在,而不取决于人们对它的认识和对它所采取的态度和政策。 　　事业与企业,事业与产业,并不是以是否收费来区分的,事业并不因为收费,或收费高出于所谓“成本”而成为企业或产业。想当年,孔子办学政府大概是没有拨给经费的,靠的是收费,虽然是低收费,但这是办学者孔子一家赖以生存…     

Coping strategies and social support as mediators of consequences in child sexual abuse victims.

OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this study was to evaluate the mediator role of coping strategies and social support on the adaptation of children following CSA. Empirical studies indicate that short-term consequences of child sexual abuse (CSA) are multiple and varied (Kendall-Tackett, Williams, & Finkelhor, 1993; Wolfe & Birt, 1995). While abuse-related characteristics were first studied to explain the variability of CSA outcome, more recently, the influence of other variables such as coping strategies and social support have been considered. METHOD: Fifty sexually abused children aged between 7 and 12 participated in this study. The Child Behavior Checklist (Achenbach, 1991) and the Perceived Competence Scale for Children (Harter, 1985) were used to measure victims' adjustment. Coping strategies were evaluated by the Self-Report Coping Scale (Causey & Dubow, 1992) and the children completed the Perceived Social Support (Harter, 1985). A French version of the History of Victimization (Wolfe, Gentile, & Bourdeau, 1987) was used to gather abuse-related characteristics from medical records. RESULTS: Results indicate that sexually abused children exhibit internalizing and externalizing behavior problems following CSA. Coping strategies and social support exert direct effects on victims' adjustment instead of the mediator influences originally expected. Among abuse-related variables, only the perpetrator's identity is directly related to internalizing symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: The absence of mediational effects of coping and social support is discussed in light of the measures used and the cross-sectional nature of the study. Results highlight the importance of parental implication and the consideration of coping strategies in designing therapeutic interventions with this population.     

Common errors of reasoning in child protection work.

OBJECTIVE: Repeated public inquiries into child abuse tragedies in Britain demonstrate the level of public concern about the services designed to protect children. These inquiries identify faults in professionals' practice but the similarities in their findings indicate that they are having insufficient impact on improving practice. This study is based on the hypothesis that the recurrent errors may be explicable as examples of the typical errors of human reasoning identified by psychological research. METHODS: The sample comprised all child abuse inquiry reports published in Britain between 1973 and 1994 (45 in total). Using a content analysis and a framework derived from psychological research on reasoning, a study was made of the reasoning of the professionals involved and the findings of the inquiries. RESULTS: It was found that professionals based assessments of risk on a narrow range of evidence. It was biased towards the information readily available to them, overlooking significant data known to other professionals. The range was also biased towards the more memorable data, that is, towards evidence that was vivid, concrete, arousing emotion and either the first or last information received. The evidence was also often faulty, due, in the main, to biased or dishonest reporting or errors in communication. A critical attitude to evidence was found to correlate with whether or not the new information supported the existing view of the family. A major problem was that professionals were slow to revise their judgements despite a mounting body of evidence against them. CONCLUSIONS: Errors in professional reasoning in child protection work are not random but predictable on the basis of research on how people intuitively simplify reasoning processes in making complex judgements. These errors can be reduced if people are aware of them and strive consciously to avoid them. Aids to reasoning need to be developed that recognize the central role of intuitive reasoning but offer methods for checking intuitive judgements more rigorously and systematically.     

现代秘书工作参谋助手职能浅析

秘书工作要充分发挥参谋助手职能,服务于领导,使秘书工作服务的层次和领域得到提高和拓宽。这是时代发展的需要,也是秘书是否能承担时代所赋予的历史使命的客观要求。     

儿童社会戏剧性游戏的研究

莎拉·斯米兰斯基是以色列儿童游戏研究的著名学者,尤以社会戏剧游戏研究著称。我曾在一次国际性会议上与她相遇,之后,又读过一些有关她的游戏方面的论著,感到其对如何研究儿童游戏很有帮助。现将她对社会戏剧游戏的部分论述和研究作一简单介绍。关于社会戏剧游戏的内涵戏剧游戏（dramaticplay）是由儿童扮演别人的角色而形成,在游戏中儿童模仿人们的活动和言语形式,利用真实的或想像的道具和自己的经验（这些第一或第二手的经验是在各种熟悉的情景获得和个别模仿而来）而展开。当这种活动有两个或两个以上儿童合作,并且游戏者以他们…     

对高职院校体育走向社会的思考

体质监测迄今在高职院校尚未引起足够重视。文本以江阴职业技术学院进行的体质监测实践为内容,论 述了高职院校体育把体质监测作为走向社会、服务社会的途径是非常有价值的。     

Parental experience of child protection intervention: a qualitative study

OBJECTIVE: To explore the ways in which parents experience and negotiate child protection intervention. METHOD: A qualitative grounded theory approach was used. In-depth qualitative interviews explored the experiences of 18 parents who had received child protection services. Grounded theory methods were used to build a model representing the ways these parents perceived and reacted to intervention. RESULTS: The ways parents perceive workers using power was shown to be the primary influence shaping parents' views of intervention and their reactions to it. Two perceptions of power emerged: parents perceived power being used over them as a form of control or power with them as a form of support. Three ways of responding to intervention emerged: parents fought workers by openly opposing them, played the game by feigning co-operation, or worked with them in collaborative relationships. Parents experiencing power being used over them tended to fight or play the game while parents experiencing power being used with them tended to work with intervention. No evidence was found linking case type (non-voluntary or voluntary cases) to whether parents perceived power being used by workers over them or with them. CONCLUSIONS: Findings highlight the importance of practitioners and policy makers being aware of the impact power has on worker-parent interaction. Doubts are raised about the viability of policies separating policing and helping in child protection through differential response systems.     

对目前我国高校后勤服务社会化的分析

传统后勤部门隶属于高校,后勤服务使用的资产同高校其它资产一样归国家所有,要想把后勤服务真正社会化,就要使后勤部门具有独立法人资格,就要对国有资产所有权、法人所有权和法人经营权进行界定.     

Childhood physical abuse, early social support, and risk for maltreatment: current social support as a mediator of risk for child physical abuse

OBJECTIVE: The study investigated whether perceptions of social support in adulthood partially mediated the associations between childhood experiences (i.e., receipt of physical abuse and levels of early social support) and adult risk for child physical abuse. METHOD: Participants included 598 general population adults who completed self-report measures designed to assess childhood physical abuse, perceptions of early and current social support, and risk factors for child physical abuse. Structural equation modeling was used to test and cross validate a model that included the direct effects of child physical abuse and early social support on child physical abuse risk, as well as mediated effects through an influence on adult perceptions of social support. RESULTS: Childhood physical abuse and early social support covaried, such that receipt of physical abuse was associated with lower levels of perceived early social support. Early support, but not child physical abuse, had an indirect effect (i.e., through current support) on child physical abuse risk. More specifically, levels of early support were directly related to adult perceptions of support, and adult perceptions of support were inversely associated with child physical abuse risk. Childhood physical abuse was directly related to child physical abuse risk. CONCLUSIONS: Low levels of early support may impact risk for child physical abuse by affecting perceptions of others as supportive in adulthood. The receipt of physical abuse in childhood, however, does not appear to impact perceptions of support in adulthood. Research is needed to identify additional factors that may explain the association between receipt of physical abuse in childhood and increased risk of child physical abuse in adulthood.     

社会法视阈中的环境保护与社会经济发展的关系

随着经济的发展,环境污染问题越来越严重,目前许多国家运用法律手段保护环境以实现社会经济的发展。社会法领域中的环境保护与经济发展有着密不可分的关系,理清它们之间的关系对解决环境污染同时实现经济的持续发展有着重要的意义。     

强化高职院校社会服务职能的若干思考

高职院校作为我国大众化高等教育的主力军,在关注自身教学问题的基础上还要充分关注学生的就业与社会实践问题,承担起学校对学生应负的各种责任。     

The role conflict of the child protective service worker: investigator-helper

Role conflict stems from the established authoritarian role assigned to child protective service workers in addition to their helping role. Workers must conduct investigations, make a determination as to whether cases are founded or unfounded, confront the parents with those findings then tell the family they are there to help. Few workers are convinced that parents see this type of intervention as helpful.Overcoming these doubts and conflicts is not easy. High worker turnover and burnout can often be attributed to the workers not having been given the opportunity to deal with these conflicts. This paper presents five options which if utilized could lessen role confusion: (1) separating the functions of intake and ongoing services; (2) strengthen training and supervisory support; (3) formation of multidicipline teams; (4) unit staffing of cases; and (5) using police for investigations.     

动态社交网络中的数据发布隐私保护技术

由于社交网络图结构具有动态变化的特性,为此需要采用有效的动态隐私保护方法.针对现有动态社交网络中数据发布隐私保护方法中存在的攻击者背景知识单一、对图结构动态变化适应性较低等问题,提出一种个性化数据图发布隐私保护技术.该方法考虑了图结构信息和对于时空信息的隐私保护.根据用户关联社交关系计算出可信度,基于用户的可信度对用户...