理科教师学科知识结构的现状调研及培训建议

中学理科教师应该具有什么样的知识结构才能与当前的课程改革相适应,已经成为教师队伍建设和教师培训必须研究和解决的基本理论问题和实践问题。通过对北京市93名中学生物教师进行的问卷调查结果表明:目前,中学理科教师的学科知识结构不能很好地适应新课程的要求,必须尽快对理科教师进行整体性、系统性、高层次和多途径的培训和提高。     

物理学学科课程知识结构教学研究

讨论了物理学学科课程中物理概念、物理原理、物理表象、物理思想、物理规律及章、编知识和学科课程知识的结构,给出了相应的知识结构。讨论了物理学科课程知识结构的教学方法,为物理学学科课程教学中实施知识结构教学法提供了可资借鉴的模式。     

理科课程的学科特征辨析

理清理科课程的学科特征是进行理科课程研究的基础。当前理科课程理论与实践中较多地出现文理不分的状况,需要从理科课程的学科分类、研究对象及其研究领域来辨析理科与文科课程的异同。     

关于综合性科学（理科）课程的思考

本首先从科学理论和科学与技术发展的趋势以及科学技术发展对人类社会的作用出发，阐述了当代科技和社会发展对综合性人才的呼唤，以及教育的功能，同时剖析了目前学校学科课程的形成过程及单学科教学的利与弊，在此基础上，分析了创新人才的培养需要基础教育适当软化已有的学科边界，从大科学观出发，使我们的基础教育能真正培养出适应新世纪的创新人才。最后，结合我国目前所进行的综合性科学（理科）课程教改试验的实际，从教育观念，师资培训、评价体系等方面提出了一些值得重视和研究的问题。     

理科课程的学科特征辨析

理清理科课程的学科特征是进行理科课程研究的基础。当前理科课程理论与实践中较多地出现文理不分的状况,需要从理科课程的学科分类、研究对象及其研究领域来辨析理科与文科课程的异同。     

国际比较视角下的理科学科教学论与科学教师教育体制改革

我国理科学科教学论在学科建设方面虽然比以往的学科教学法有所进步和发展,但理科学科教学论教师长期分散在师范院校理科各院系,他们在自己的理科院系里仍然被视为"弱势群体",与教育学院的同事缺乏学术联系和交流的平台与机制,因此在我国高师教育系统中仍然处在教育学术的边缘。如何走出这一困境?我们认为理科学科教学论要提高其在教师教育中的学术地位,一方面要弄清其学科性质与定位,提高学术品位;另一方面还要在学校层面进行科学教师教育体制改革,理顺理科教师培养的机制。研究和借鉴欧陆国家理科学科教学论的发展经验,对我们或许不无启示。     

初中《科学》课程资源从何而来

融物理，化学，生物，自然，地理为一体的初中理科综合课程——科学，无论从目标，内容，形式，实施，评价还是管理等各方面都较原来的单科课程发生了巨大变化。随着对科学课程的不断探索，一个重要的概念日益凸显出来；课程资源。如果没有课程资源的广泛支持，     

韩国中学《科学》课程模式之管见

对韩国第七次教育改革的成果《科学教育过程》^[1]和《科学》^[2]、《化学》^[3]教科书研究结果表明：韩国初、高中综合理科的科学课程既呈现出综合理科课程模式在培养学生素质方面的长处、又兼有分科理科课程模式在学习科学知识体系方面的功能，是独具特色的综合理科课程模式。     

国家课改实验区综合理科《科学》与分科《物理》课程的研究（下）——现行“华师大版”综合《科学》与“苏科版”分科《物理》比较

四、“华师大版”综合《科学》和“苏科版”分科《物理》教材的内容特点 1、“华师大版”综合《科学》 (1)整合教材内容结构,突出教材的综合性,引导学生从整体上认识自然,从基本科学观念上理解科学知识。 为了避免对科学教材内容组织结构的片面认识,从科学整体性的角度考虑教材的综合和结构问题,避免像传统的理科分科教材只是从     

浅谈教师学科知识结构的重要性及设想

随着教学改革的不断深入,教师队伍作为学校教育的重要支柱,在乡村学校已成为一个薄弱环节,尤其是教师学科结构已不能满足学校开齐国家规定的各类课程。本文就教师学科结构知识和学科教学知识的区别与联系、学科知识结构对学校管理和学校良性发展的影响、教师学科知识对实现教学目标的影响等方面,论述教师学科知识结构在学校教学工作中的重要性,并提出了几点建议和设想。     

Student primary teachers improving their mathematics subject knowledge: cognition and affect intertwined

This paper describes a study conducted with a random sample of 80 student primary teachers drawn from all four years of the Bachelor of Education (BEd) programme at a teacher education institution in Scotland, with a view to determining why there were such differing levels of engagement with an online maths assessment. The assessment was created in an attempt to address deficiencies in subject knowledge in order to reduce the amount of time spent on mathematics remediation, and to raise awareness of the levels of mathematics competence required in the primary classroom. Study of the reasons behind the differing patterns of engagement with the assessment revealed that two thirds of the group were able to reach a competence threshold and often to improve upon it by some way; a worrying third of the students, however, made little attempt to use the tool to improve their subject knowledge. A further finding indicated that students who engaged with the online assessment reported improving levels of confidence in mathematics.     

知识社会学视角下艺术类青年教师的知识生产

教师的知识生产具有社会性,高校艺术类青年教师不仅承担着知识的传承与知识传播,还是知识生产的参与者,研究高校艺术类青年教师的知识生产与个人职业成长,发现艺术学科的知识生产规律。 研究发现高校艺术类青年教师普遍重视艺术创作,对高校的科研评价方式并不认同,青年教师的艺术创作呈现功利性与效率性特点。 艺术类青年教师应正确认识实践性知识生产与学术研究的关系,通过学术研究和总结艺术创作规律,指导个人艺术创作,实现实践性知识生产与学术研究的互补。     

科学课的特点及其对专任教师的要求

作为新课改中的科学课有其自身的特点，把握这些特点，对科学课专任教师提出新的要求，是如何进一步推进新课程改革应该重视的问题。     

专家型教师的知识结构及其发展模式分析

教师专业发展的核心是教师的知识建构。专家型教师不仅具有丰厚的理论性知识,还具有大量的实践性知识,并能够灵活地进行理论知识和实践知识的转化,在建构知识的过程中能够不断创新知识,其知识结构是多元化的。新手教师要成为专家型教师可按照模仿、借鉴、反思、实践、科研的知识发展模式,实现从理论知识到实践知识的转化,在教学实践中不断将实践知识内化,最后完成由实践知识到理论知识的升华,构建合理的知识结构。     

论声乐教学中主课教师和艺术指导之间的配合

本文论述了声乐主课老师和声乐艺术指导的各自职能,并以普契尼的歌剧《漫步街上》为例,进一步说明声乐艺术指导和声乐主课老师在声乐教学中相互配合所起到的作用,进而引申到声乐教学多侧面、多层次的立体性。     

Professional knowledge learned and professional knowledge applied: A case study of two trainee English teachers

This article reports on one strand of a collaborative research project undertaken at the Faculty of Education, which sought to explore trainee teachers' development of assessment understandings and practices during their PGCE, and over the following two years. Using two case studies of English trainees, we explore the ways in which they seek to bring together effective assessment principles embedded in the research literatures they encountered in their training with the classroom focused, 'tried and tested' approaches in their placement schools. The resulting demands on professional knowledge 'pure' and 'applied', and some resulting tensions are investigated though interviews with the trainees concerned.     

论教学知识的结构

理论性教学知识和实践性教学知识是教学知识领域中的核心概念。研究者常在意识或潜意识层面将二者对立、分割甚至孤立,表现出"显-隐"式、"公-个"式、"研-教"式与"真-善"式等四种分离形态。这四种分离形态实际上是由理论性教学知识与实践性教学知识认识上的机械性、虚假性、人为性和遮蔽性造成的。回归教学知识的本真状态,应以其基本属性———理论性和实践性为向度,建构教学知识统一体结构模型,为现代教学理论与实践的发展奠定知识论基础。     

Structure and development of pre-service physics teachers’ professional knowledge

ABSTRACT

Teachers’ professional knowledge is considered one of the most important predictors of instructional quality. According to Shulman, such professional knowledge includes content, pedagogical content and pedagogical knowledge. Although recent research shed some light on the structure of the dimensions of professional knowledge, little is known how teacher education impacts pre-service physics teachers’ professional knowledge. In an effort to address this issue, we examined the content, pedagogical content and pedagogical knowledge of N?=?200 pre-service physics teachers enrolled in different years of teacher education at 12 major teacher education universities in Germany. We used structural equation modelling (1) to examine the relations amongst pre-service physics teachers’ content, pedagogical content and pedagogical knowledge, (2) to explore how the three kinds of knowledge and their relations differ across different stages of teacher education and (3) to identify factors affecting the level of each component of professional knowledge. Our findings suggest that content, pedagogical content and pedagogical knowledge represent distinct types of knowledge. Furthermore, our findings show that in the first years of professional education, pedagogical content knowledge is more closely related with general pedagogical knowledge while in later years, it is more closely related with content knowledge, suggesting that it develops from a general knowledge about teaching and learning into knowledge about the teaching and learning of specific content. Finally, beyond school achievement and years of enrolment as predictors, we find in particular the amount of classroom observations to have a positive impact on the professional knowledge of pre-service physics teachers.     

An analysis of South African Grade 9 natural sciences textbooks for their representation of nature of science

This article reports on an analysis and comparison of three South African Grade 9 (13–14 years) Natural Sciences textbooks for the representation of nature of science (NOS). The analysis was framed by an analytical tool developed and validated by Abd-El-Khalick and a team of researchers in a large-scale study on the high school textbooks in the USA. The three textbooks were scored on targeted NOS aspects on a scale of ?3 to +3 that reflected the explicitness with which these aspects were addressed. The analysis revealed that the textbooks poorly depict NOS, and in particular, there was scant attention given to the social dimension of science, science versus pseudoscience and the ‘myth of the scientific method’. The findings of this study are incommensurate with the strong emphasis in a reformed school science curriculum that underlies the need for learners to understand the scientific enterprise, and how scientific knowledge develops. In view of this, the findings of this research reinforce the need for a review on the mandate given to textbook publishers and writers so that a stronger focus be placed on the development of materials that better represent the tenets of NOS.