体操动作技术教学与一般系统论

借助一般系统论方法对应分析，认为体操动作技术教学是一典型的具体系统，它的存在与发展遵循了系统结构与功能的基本特征及其内在关系变化的基本原则。并初步揭示出了：教师、学生和教材本身不是该过程的直接成分；该过程中各种成分的存在与发展不是孤立的，而是互相渗透、互相体现的；有利于加深揭示构成该过程直接成分间最一般的、本质的、稳定的、即有规律的联系。可为体操教学理论的充实与更新提供直接的依据。     

试论创造性思维方法在体操教学中的应用

本文根据体操教学内部发展规律和时代提倡培养“创新思维”的要求 ,从体操教育的角度出发 ,提出了体操教学改革的方向是教学方法的改革。在改革思路上引入“创造性思维”这一概念 ,具体阐述了创造性思维的几种方法在体操教学上的应用 ,并阐发了对这一问题思考后的若干问题。     

“帮助法”在青少年田径教学与训练中的运用

“帮助法”是体操教学与训练中常采用的手段与方法,指在练习过程中给予练习者助力、信号或放置标志物或限制物,使其更快地建立动作概念,更好地掌握、改进和提高动作技术的一种手段。现代田径运动中很多技术动作象体操技术动作一样构成复杂、精细,时空方面的各因素变化多端,故在教学训练中的手段可以“求同”,田径技能的形成由泛化、     

试谈体操课中环境的作用

从某种意义而言，体操课是人为设置各种障碍、困难和负荷，并通过克服它们来增加体质的一种特殊方法和手段。而心理因素对体操教学有着不可低估的作用，同时体操教学环境也就不容忽视了。体操教学环境大致可包括两方面：一、硬件设施，如单杠、跳箱、体操垫等；二、人为情感因素。二之中人为因素更显重要性。良好教学环境大大促进学生心理素质教育，让学生在学习体操过程中学得轻松．同时通过一定努力也能达到较好的学习效果，让他们在体操学习中寻找乐趣，学会多种锻炼方法，养成良好锻炼习惯终身受益。     

“纲要信号”图示法在体操保护与帮助理论教学中的实验研究

本文运用“纲要信号”图示教学法在体院体育系体操‘保护与帮助’理论教学中与传统教学进行了对比实验研究，所得的结果．为改进体操理论教学的模式和方法提供了有价值的参考．     

对体操普修课"分层与组合相结合"教学组织形式的探讨

针对体操普修课教学的实际情况，设计了“分层式”课堂教学与“组合式”课后学习相结合的教学组织形式。并对“分层与组合相结合”的构成形式、内容以及该教学组织形式在实施过程中的注意事项进行了阐述。     

对体操教学训练最优化控制的探讨

本文采用定量与定性相结合的方法,对研究对象的体操教学训练的全过程进行了追踪动态分析。围绕“最优化控制”,对系统的构成与最优化方案的确立、教学过程中的控制与调节进行了较为细致的研究。     

高校健美操教法新探析

跨入新世纪,高校体育课程改革正如火如荼地向前发展,为顺应改革发展趋势,为广大高校健美操工作者提供借鉴.文章采用文献资料,专家访谈等研究方法,在《全国普通高等学校体操类课程教学指导纲要》全面实施之际,对高师体育教育专业体操类主干课程之一的健美操教学进行探析,提出了变纯成套动作教学为“学生自学＋教师指导”教学的自主型教学法;变教为导,培养学生的参与能力的探究型教学法;变更考核的形式与方法,推行“教考”同步教学过程的合作型教学法.     

OBE理念下体操普修课程混合式教学改革研究

采用专家访谈法、问卷调查法、实验法、数理统计法等方法对混合式教学改革下的体操普修课进行研究，运用混合式教学改革，证实体操普修课在混合式教学改革和传统教学两种不同模式下的学生专项体能、专项技能、专项理论、教学能力四方面的教学成果差异性。本文通过在教学过程中运用混合式教学改革进行研究，对体操普修课程教学进行改革、研究与分析，提高体操普修课的教学效果，促进学生对体操的热爱，培养学生学习体操的兴趣，增强学生自主学习、课后巩固的能力。本研究打破传统的教学模式，利用在线教学与传统教学的优势相结合的一种“线上+线下”的教学模式的改革，让学生更加深入地学习，为今后体育项目的教学提供更好的途径。     

中学篮球课堂教学改革初探

由于先人为主使然，在篮球教学上，我们传统的单元教学的过程结构也沿袭了体操、田径的法则，总体上体现了“基本技术一应用一比赛”的渐进教学过程。然而，实际的教学效果却并不理想，主要表现在：学生兴趣不高；教完的东西用不上，学生只学会了篮球运动的某些动作，而没有学会上场如何打球；教学方法死板生硬；教学进度缓慢；无场上意识等。     

Carbohydrate ingestion improves endurance performance during a 1h simulated cycling time trial

This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue.     

Science and medicine of rowing: A review

The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae.     

我国体育市场管理法规研究

采用调查法和比较法对全国体育市场立法和管理现状进行调查,对部分较早出台并有一定代表性的省市的体育市场管理法规的立法和管理情况进行了研究,提出了体育市场管理立法和管理的原则、基本程序、措施及其一般模式,为规范全国体育市场管理提供参考依据。     

重新认识体育的社会关联

体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。     

上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点探析

本文在专家访谈、问卷调查、数理统计和文献资料分析的基础上,探析了上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点、参与者对社区体育赛事运作管理的看法等问题。在此基础上从引进社区体育赛事的志愿者、整合社区体育赛事的各种资源、开发社区体育竞赛的无形资产、组建非营利性的专业团队、规范社区体育赛事的服务管理等方面提出了进一步满足上海社区居民日益增长的体育竞赛参赛需求的对策与措施。     

对全面把握游泳训练环节的探讨

从系统观点出发,结合训练实践,对全面把握游泳训练环节进行探讨。认为应强化非智力因素在运动员多年训练中的作用,在育材全过程中不断选材,从整体上把握动态训练的全过程,把培养高水平运动员的整个过程置于一个严格的科学控制之下。     

我国优秀游泳运动员出发技术辅助训练的研究

为改进我国优秀游泳运动员的出发技术,采用观测和实验方法,通过拍摄运动员陆上和水下出发技术录像以及出发计时,对出发技术进行运动生物力学诊断和分析。在此基础上,根据运动员自身特点和不同泳姿提出相应的入水启动方式,并研制出发训练辅助器材,对出发预备姿势、腾起角度以及飞行远度和入水角进行控制。实践证明:这是一种快捷、有效的出发技术辅助训练方法。     

运动性呼吸肌疲劳与耐力性项目的运动能力

影响和限制耐力性运动项目的成绩的生理因素是复杂的和多方面的,取决于训练的强度和运动成绩.大强度持续性运动可导致呼吸肌疲劳.运动性呼吸疲劳可能在决定运动耐量方面起到关键的作用：一方面通过直接影响运动肌力量的生成（外周疲劳）,另一方面,通过肢体用力自感不安反馈引起工作肌运动单位输出功率下降（中枢疲劳）.对呼吸肌进行训练,可能有助于提高耐力性项目的运动成绩.     

Identifying home advantage in international tennis and golf tournaments

A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international ‘grand-slam’ tennis and ‘major’ golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tournaments held in 1993. The only possible evidence of home advantage was found in the Wimbledon tennis and the US Open golf championships. Even these findings can be explained, at least partially, by (1) the availability of information concerning the low world rankings of the British tennis players competing at Wimbledon, and (2) selective entry, allowing only the world's top-ranked foreign golfers into the US open golf tournament. In both cases, the lower ranking home competitors have a greater opportunity to perform above their anticipated world rankings. Therefore, provided entry into tennis and golf tournaments is truly ‘open’ to both the host nation's representatives and foreign competitors alike, home advantage does not appear to be a major factor influencing the competitors' performance in such competitions. These findings may be explained by the relatively objective nature of the scoring systems used in tennis and golf, unlike the subjective influence of refereeing decisions on the results of team-games such as soccer.     

对欧洲足球技战术发展趋势的思考

结合欧洲足球技战术的发展特点,就鲁能泰山足球队的体能训练、技术训练、防守阵型、进攻方式、定位球、职业态度、球星培养等诸方面所存在的不足进行了分析,提出相应的改进意见。