语义网环境中的叙词表实例研究——利用SKOS构造机器可理解的知识组织体系

本文对叙词表在知识组织体系知识层面与语义网核心Ontology结合,阐述了叙词表表达知识概念与语义关系的能力为语义网建设提供资源组织基础;在描述层面利用SKOS对叙词表进行实例改造,对叙词语义关系可视化表示以及对网页进行主题标引。最后指出SKOS为知识组织体系提供一套简单,灵活,可扩展的机器可理解的描述和转化机制。     

Using the patent co-citation approach to establish a new patent classification system

The paper proposes a new approach to create a patent classification system to replace the IPC or UPC system for conducting patent analysis and management. The new approach is based on co-citation analysis of bibliometrics. The traditional approach for management of patents, which is based on either the IPC or UPC, is too general to meet the needs of specific industries. In addition, some patents are placed in incorrect categories, making it difficult for enterprises to carry out R&D planning, technology positioning, patent strategy-making and technology forecasting. Therefore, it is essential to develop a patent classification system that is adaptive to the characteristics of a specific industry. The analysis of this approach is divided into three phases. Phase I selects appropriate databases to conduct patent searches according to the subject and objective of this study and then select basic patents. Phase II uses the co-cited frequency of the basic patent pairs to assess their similarity. Phase III uses factor analysis to establish a classification system and assess the efficiency of the proposed approach. The main contribution of this approach is to develop a patent classification system based on patent similarities to assist patent manager in understanding the basic patents for a specific industry, the relationships among categories of technologies and the evolution of a technology category.     

Online construction of alphabetic classaurus: A vocabulary control and indexing tool

Classaurus is a faceted hierarchic scheme of terms with vocabulary control features. It is a system of terms having separate hierarchic schedules of the Elementary Categories: Discipline, Entity, Property, and Action, together with their respective Species/Types, Parts and Special Modifiers. Also there are separate schedules for the Common Modifiers: Form, Time, Environment, and Place. Each of the terms in these hierarchic schedules is enriched with synonyms, quasi synonyms etc. The hierarchic schedules constituting the systematic part is supplemented by an alphabetical index of chain entries. Classaurus is used in the formulation of subject headings in general, and in particular, subject headings according to the Postulate based Permuted Subject Indexing (POPSI) language. For the construction of classaurus the POPSI language itself provides guidelines. A set of programs have been developed to construct a classaurus using as input, subject headings formulated according to POPSI language which are enriched with certain codes to denote the different Elementary Categories, their Species, Parts, Special Modifiers and other Common Modifiers of different kinds. The resulting classaurus has hierarchic schedules but terms in an array are arranged only alphabetically. The hierarchic schedules constitute the Systematic part of the classaurus. The system generates an alphabetic Index Part to the Systematic Part, in which for each term its broader terms are kept to its right hand side successively along with a code to denote the schedule to which the term belongs. To find out the position of a term in the Systematic Part, the whole entry for the term in the Alphabetic Part is taken and the sequence of the terms in it is reversed. Using the code for the schedule in the entry, the appropriate hierarchic schedule is selected. The schedule is then searched using the broader terms successively as keys until the term in question is reached, wherein all the hierarchically related terms could be found, including synonyms, quasi-synonyms etc. Both the Systematic Part and the Alphabetical Index Part are printed out for manual reference and also kept as direct access files for ondashline access and ondashth-spot updating and building up of the classaurus while inputting new subject headings formulated for this purpose.     

A thesaurus for end-user indexing and retrieval

Direct end-user data entry and retrieval is a major factor in achieving an economical information retrieval system. To be effective, such a system would have to provide a thesaurus structure which leads novice end-users to browse subject areas before retrieval and yet provides control and coverage of terms in a domain. A faceted hierarchical thesaurus organization has been designed to accomplish this goal.     

Spiral progression of Biochemistry in an integrated medical school

Biochemistry, a vital component of the medical science, is taught in medical schools to: a) explain the biochemical basis of diseases; b) understand the basis of laboratory investigations; c) interpret and apply results of the laboratory investigations in diagnosis and management of diseases. The curriculum of this medical school is a community oriented problem based approach with the basic concept being spiral progression of core knowledge. This also creates an opportunity for innovative promotion of teaching and learning. In this medical school, the undergraduate medical course is divided into three phases as Phase I, II and III. Biochemistry is not taught as a separate subject in Phase I but integrated with other relevant disciplines and implemented into the teaching packages of the three phases. The gradual progression of this subject from Phase I to II and III makes it possible to implement the subject in a more meaningful and relevant manner throughout the course. A set of objectives pertaining to the biochemistry input is incorporated into the appropriate teaching packages of each phase, in keeping with the spiral pattern of the curriculum. The appropriate modes of implementation of the objectives include Small Group Discussion (SGD), Structured Learning Units (SLU), Problem Based Learning (PBL), Fixed Learning Module (FLM), Tape Slide Programmes (TSP), Student Seminars (SS) and Structured Self Learning (SSL). In addition to all these methods, the computer-aided instruction (CAI) is also used as teaching learning units. Since multidisciplinary integration is ensured during the teaching of Biochemistry, the assessment of the subject is also conducted in a integrated manner using Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ), Short Essay Questions (SEQ), Modified Essay Questions (MEQ), Objective Structured Practical Examination (OSPE), Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE), Viva and Clinical Examination. This article will deal with the spiral progression of Biochemistry from Phase I to Phase III in the integrated environment of this medical school.     

机编词表软件MultiTes使用探析——以编制简易情报学叙词表为例

本文简要地介绍了MultiTes 2007 Pro的使用方法,并通过创建一个小型的情报学叙词表,讨论了该软件的功能和特点,情报学主题词的获取以及创建一个简单叙词表的步骤,最后,本文对MultiTes 2007 Pro的优缺点进行了简要评价。     

共词分析法与文献被引次数结合研究专题领域的发展态势

本文选取消化性溃疡为研究对象,在PubMed数据库中下载相关文献,利用自编的程序处理所下载的数据,得到高频主题词共词矩阵;再用系统聚类法对主题词进行聚类分析,总结出该领域的研究热点;最后分析了各热点随时间变化的趋势以及与被引次数的关系。实验证明：高频主题词共词聚类分析及战略坐标都是研究学科热点的有力工具,与主题的被引次数结合使用,可能取得更好的效果。     

论情报语言的一体化

情报语言一体化是情报语言和情报检索的研究热点，也是信息资源组织的主要工具。本文从情报语言和情报系统两个方面对情报语言的一体化的概念进行了论述，并对情报语言一体化的四种主要类型，即分类法之间的转换和兼容，主题法之间的转换和兼容，分类法与主题法之间的转换和兼容，自然语言和受控语言的一体化等分别进行了介绍。     

国内外网络影响因子研究的可视化分析

以中国知网（CNKI）和WebofScience中有关网络影响因子（WebImpactFactor,WIF）的文献为研究对象,利用CiteSpace等可视化分析工具,对其引文数据和主题词数据进行分析,梳理网络影响因子研究的发展脉络、重要机构和关键人物,并以知识图谱的形式呈现出来。     

The exact-display approach for online catalog subject searching

When public catalog users enter queries that exactly match the catalog's controlled vocabulary, online systems should respond with browsing lists of alphabetically arranged subject headings, because such displays guide users to retrievals based on the assignment of the matched subject headings to bibliographic records. Unfortunately, studies of online catalog searching demonstrate that alphabetical displays are no longer capable of managing large numbers of subdivided forms of subject headings, because searchers exhibit low levels of perseverance when faced with large numbers of retrievals. This paper introduces a new approach to displaying retrieved subject headings in subject searching—the exact-display approach—designed to encourage users to browse bibliographic information. The purpose of this paper is to emphasize the importance of the exact-display approach by showing how many user queries would be candidates for this approach, demonstrate an implementation of the exact-display approach in an experimental online catalog, and feature end-user experiences with this approach as implemented in the experimental catalog. End-user experiences gave the authors the opportunity to make several recommendations for enhancing the original design of the exact-display approach so that future implementations of this approach in operational online catalogs are responsive to the needs of online catalog users.     

标签的主题揭示功能及在OPAC应用中的优化分析

选取豆瓣网上用户评价最多的50种图书,将其最常用的标签与武汉大学图书馆OPAC的对应主题词进行比较．深入分析标签的主题揭示性能,指出标签在OPAC应用中存在的问题,并提出优化对策建议。     

受控语言在学科信息门户中的应用研究

本文通过介绍、分析分类法、主题词表在学科信息门户中的应用特点,显示受控语言在学科信息门户中的应用方式、功能及优势。     

叙词在网络环境中的应用

本文叙述了叙词在网络环境下的三种应用模式，在一些专业性的网站以及网关检索系统中用叙词直接标引和检索是非常的普遍；叙词由于其概念定义明确，有很好的词问关系的显示，叙词能在基于关键词检索的搜索引擎中实现检索式的扩展的功能；不同部门对所拥有的资料和图书馆等信息源一般所采用的不同的叙词表或采用分类法，在网络环境下，通过一种主题的途径来检索这些信息是信息情报界研究的一个热点，叙词在这方面有着重要的作用。     

叙词表的概念及在网络信息检索中的应用

本文探讨了叙词表的概念与应用特点；从叙词表到叙词网络；叙词表在网络信息检索系统中的应用。     

《汉语主题词表》简单知识组织系统表示的自动转换设计

《汉语主题词表》是我国第一部大型综合性的广泛使用的叙词检索语言词表,如何实现该词表与其他词表的互操作,促进其在语义网环境下的应用发展具有重要意义。本文利用W3C组织颁布的简单知识组织系统（SKOS）的研究成果,讨论《汉语主题词表》的SKOS表示方法。为提高表示效率,运用Java技术,在定义《汉语主题词表》数据库结构和各个数据表之间逻辑关系的基础上,明确了从数据库向SKOS语言表示的自动转换思路,并设计代码完成转换。     

副主题词在医学期刊文献标引中的应用探讨

本文从副主题词的定义及基本特征入手，分析副主题词在医学期刊文献主题词标引中的作用，即修饰限制作用及通过与主题词组配扩大词量的作用；指出目前副主题词使用过程中存在的问题，如组配错误，组配不恰当，不能正确揭示概念等，并提出提高副主题词标引质量的方法及对策。