县级电大联合办学模式的探讨——兼谈县级广播电视教育中心的建设问题

在过去的十年里,我国广播电视教育得到了迅速的发展,成为我国教育事业的重要组成部分,并已形成从中央到地方具有多层次、多形式、多功能的办学系统,在这个系统中,县级电大处于十分重要的地位,它是广播电视远距离教育面向广大农村办学的基础。为了更好地发展广播电视教育,为农村社会主义建设培育更多更优秀的人才,县级电大要总结办学经验,加快改革目前条块分割的管理体制和封闭办学的模式,努力促进横向联合,以大大提高广播电视教育的整体效益。最近,我们对上海郊县电大联合办学模式进行了考察,本文仅就县级电大与其它成人学校联合办学试作比较和探讨,并就县级广播电视教育中心的建设问题谈点看法。     

主动适应系统建设新环境积极推进基层电大新发展

系统办学是广播电视大学区别于其他教育机构重要的办学特征。党的十七大以来,江苏基层电大建设面临着“全面达小康、建设新江苏”目标的全面推进,加强城乡发展一体化建设,大力推进社区教育,教育社会化、市场化趋势扩大,教育资源进一步整合与重组的新形势,江苏电大主动适应系统建设新环境,努力提升基层电大的战略定位,增强基层电大的办学质量,提高基层电大综合办学能力,为基层电大创设发展环境,为基层电大发展提供有力支持,不断融入江苏经济社会建设的进程,基层电大建设取得了新的发展成绩。在新的阶段,基层电大的建设思路是：提升整体发展能力,提高内涵建设水平,坚持特色兴校战略。     

新形势下电大系统办学机制的思考

随着我国高等教育的结构性调整,高等教育体制的不断改革,电大办学性质的功能、办学形式和系统的权益格局等方面也发生了深刻的变革,创新系统办学机制已迫在眉睫。本文结合新形势下电大系统发展的状况,提出了电大系统办学新的运行机制,以期推动电大的建设和发展,全面提升电大系统办学实力和竞争力。     

基层电大系统办学的困境与出路

电大教育的优势和特点是系统办学,但目前基层电大系统的持续发展能力堪忧.造成这种现状的主要因素是,电大教育在法律和政策层面办学定位不明确、电大系统自上而下的"利益链"逐级脆弱、成人教育市场竞争无序和电大系统管理体制薄弱等.因此必须花大气力加强基层电大系统建设,提高电大系统办学竞争力.     

应重视电大非统开课程自编教材的建设

1.明确电大教材建设的指导思想,认真执行教材建设规程.1991年初全国电大教材建设工作会议,明确了电大教材建设应当坚持社会主义方向,贯彻党和国家的教育方针,充分发挥电大系统和各有关方面的积极性,根据培养目标和培养规格的要求以及培养对象的特点,遵循广播电视远距离高等教育的教学规律和多媒体教材的编制规律,有计划有步骤地编制出一整套能够适应我国社会主义建设和电大教育事业发展需要的教材,逐步形成具有中国广播电视远距离高等专科教育特色的教材体系,并建立起一支具有较高水平的远距离多媒体教材编制队伍.我们应当认真学习这个思想指导,以便全面领会在这个指导思想下所确定的基本原则,这是教材建设中首先应当解决的认识问题.     

谈新疆广播电视大学音像教材建设

广播电视大学是采用多种教学媒体进行远距离教育的开放性大学。教材建设在电视大学教学活动中有特殊重要的地位和作用,搞好教材建设是深化教学改革,提高教学质量和办学效益的重要保证。教材建设对电大电教中心而言,就是要遵循广播电视远距离高等教育的教学规律和多媒体音像教材的编     

依托电大建设开放大学的思路与构想

建设具有中国特色的现代远程教育开放大学,是国家对广播电视大学发展的要求,也是电大教育发展的必然趋势.广播电视大学30年的发展为建设国家开放大学奠定了重要基础,但依托电大建设国家开放大学,还必须进一步加强电大的办学实力建设,进行电大办学系统的体制和机制改革.     

加强系统建设是电大办学的根本

系统建设是电大办学的根本,是电大可持续办学的基础,系统即电大,电大即系统,要加强招生系统建设、教学系统建设、管理系统建设、教学支持服务系统建设、远程教育社会化服务系统建设和电大教育组织系统建设,这是电大办学特色的集中体现、是电大成其为大学并立足于高校之林的真正依托。     

论基层电大的建设和发展

电大创办十多年来,基层电大在我国农村和城市以燎原之势发展,成为电大办学的基础阵地,具备了一定的办学规模和能力,显示了利用远距离教育系统的优势为农村经济和社会发展培养人才的优越性,证明了其发展的可行性.而今,作为覆盖全国,瞩目世界的中国广播电视教育事业基础的基层电大,现状如何?它该怎样巩固、完善、建设、发展?这是电大需要解决的重要理论和实践问题.     

正确处理五个关系 强化“注册视听生”试点工作

1995年9月,在国家教委的直接支持和领导下,全国有10个省市电大开展了"注册视听生"试点工作,1996年又发展为15个省市,进入1997年以来,迅速在全国20个省市得到进一步推广。"注册视听生"学历教育是广播电视远距离教育伸向农村、伸向边远贫困落后地区,为基层培养应用型人才的重大举措,它既符合党和国家"科教兴国"战略;又顺应了我国成人高等教育体制改革的形势;同时也充分体现了广播电视远距离教育开放性的特点。可以说它是电大今后生存和发展的一个重要支柱之一。要使电大"注册视听生"学历教育深入持久地发展下去,只注重一时的社会效应不行,必须清醒地认识到近三年来试点出现的问题,对之进行深入分析和研究,寻找解决问题的方法和对策,使"注册视听生"这一新的办学形式有更强的生存和发展能力。1996年陕西电大在全省8个地市、12个厅局系统以及普通高校的电大办学单位设立了60个辅导     

矩阵的主、次、行、列转置的研究

本将高等代数的中的“矩阵的转置”定义为“矩阵的主转置”,由此给出矩阵的次转置、行转置、列转置的定义,得出相关结论,并予以严格证明,这对矩阵的深入研究有着极其重要的意义。     

红楼一曲绝唱 诗词尽显魅力

《红楼梦》这部小说中含有150多首诗词，有传统诗词之美，小说人物命运的叙述生动感人，又有当今语体文甚至口语的色彩，红楼梦的艺术世界是多彩诱人的，小说学为读者营造了一方“诗词天地”。忽略诗词鉴赏，就不能全面把握《红楼梦》艺术特征，也不能真正认识它的作者，因此，读懂这部书的文辞，品味其诗词韵味，会是一种享受，《红楼梦》以小说文本的可接爱性而雅供共赏，一定会在当前素质教育的诗文美育中起到促进作用。     

上古音系不必立祭废至队曷桓戈部

上古韵部划分是上古音研究的核心部分,韵部划分至清代虽已渐臻完备,但学界对韵部进行再划分的工作一直未断。李新魁先生在二十九部基础上分出祭、废、至、队、曷、桓、戈七部,将上古韵部分为三十六部,其分部的依据不合理,故不必立祭、废、至、队、曷、桓、戈七部。     

Cowan,Whiteness, Resistance to Brown,and the Persistence of the Past

In this paper, I examine the use of litigation as a strategic tool of resistance for thwarting school desegregation. Utilizing Cowan v. Bolivar County Board of Education as a case study, I argue that, despite losing the constitutional right to racially segregate public schools according to an explicit white supremacist doctrine, whites in Bolivar County, Mississippi, were successful in stemming the impending tide of social change associated with school desegregation through litigation. Litigious resistance not only provided southern whites with a racially moderate epistemology for undermining school desegregation regionally, but their legal challenges to school desegregation also laid the groundwork for non-southern white animus toward all federal education policies that promoted racial inclusion.     

《西游记》杂剧对《西游记》小说影响的再认识

通过考察中国戏曲与小说的发展轨迹，结合两的整体关系，指出《西游记》杂剧记叙唐僧取经内容完整，结构宏大，由此演进为小说具有必然性，并进而对它在后世百回本小说《西游记》成书过程中的影响和作用作了具体、客观的评析。     

School disciplines,social representations,and the construction of the didactics of history,geography, and civics

The author presents a concept of the didactics of history, geography, and civics that seeks to link, through a single dynamic, the civic, political, and social goals of school knowledge with everyday classroom practice and pupils' learning. Two concepts occupy the heart of this construction: those of school disciplines and social representations. The concept of school disciplines addresses the fact that school knowledge is a creation of the school, designed to enable it to achieve the social goals it is assigned. A school discipline is thus a particular combination of goals, content (in the form of shared knowledge), methods, and practices. The concept of social representations is a tool serving to analyze knowledge as theories of the natural and social world, its production, and its reception by the different actors involved.     

Investigations into the relationships of the WRAT,the PIAT,the SORT,and the WISC-R in low-functioning referrals

Research involving standardized reading achievement tests has been widespread, but there has been little investigation into the relationships among the more widely used tests of reading achievement. In the present study, the Reading subtest of the WRAT, the Reading Comprehension subtest of the PIAT, and the SORT were compared with each other and with the WISC-R. Results showed a high correlation between the WRAT and the PIAT, a moderately high correlation between the SORT and the PIAT, and a very low correlation between the SORT and the WRAT. The WRAT and the PIAT had higher correlations with the various components of the WISC-R than did the SORT. These findings imply that the WRAT and the PIAT measure essentially the same dimension of reading achievement, possibly verbal fluency, but that the SORT is measuring a different dimension, one that is also tapped to some extent by the PIAT.     

The unintended consequences of school inspection: the prevalence of inspection side-effects in Austria,the Czech Republic,England, Ireland,the Netherlands,Sweden, and Switzerland

It has been widely documented that accountability systems, including school inspections, bring with them unintended side effects. These unintended effects are often negative and have the potential to undo the intended positive effects. However the empirical evidence is limited. Through a European comparative study we have had the rare opportunity to collect empirical evidence and study the effects (both intended and unintended) of school inspections (a key system of accountability) in a systematic way, across seven countries. We present the findings of the unintended effects in this paper. Survey self-report responses from school principals in each country, with differing school inspection systems, are analysed to measure the prevalence of these unintended effects and to investigate the part played by pressure to do well in inspections. A key finding is that increasing pressure in school inspection systems is associated with the undesired effect of the narrowing and refocusing of the curriculum and instructional strategies. We also show that a proportion of school principals admit to misrepresenting the school in data sent to the inspectorate and show evidence for formalisation/proceduralisation (excessive focus on records) and ossification (fear of experimentation in teaching), although these factors are less related to changes in pressure.     

UNESCO,the Faure Report,the Delors Report,and the Political Utopia of Lifelong Learning

Two education reports commissioned by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Learning to be, otherwise known as the Faure report (1972) and Learning: The treasure within, otherwise known as the Delors report (1996), have been associated with the establishment of lifelong learning as a global educational paradigm. In this article, which draws on archival research and interviews, I will explore how these two reports have contributed to debates on the purpose of education and learning. In the first half, I will shed light on their origins, the context in which they came about, how they have been received by the education community and by UNESCO member states and how they have been discussed in the scholarly literature. In the second half, I will discuss the key themes of the reports, in particular lifelong learning as the global educational ‘master concept’. In the last section, I will reflect on how the Faure report and the Delors report are still relevant for our debates about learning today. I will argue that the concept of lifelong learning, as put forward by these reports, was a political utopia which is at odds with today's utilitarian view of education.     

主位理论、主位推进模式与翻译

借助功能语言学主位和主位推进模式有关理论来分析语篇的衔接、信息分布、连贯、语篇发展以及译者如何利用这些分析结果充分解读翻译源文,在以语篇为翻译单位时,采取何种相应的翻译对策,生成在功能和效果上与之相当的目的语语篇。