辽阳市"完美乳业杯"年度总决赛对局选评

辽阳市"完美乳业杯"象棋年度总决赛经过两天11轮的激烈战斗,于12月30日圆满闭幕.本次比赛录取前32名,给予奖励.最终沈阳市金波大师获得冠军,亚军为辽阳本土棋手吴金永,季军为海城市牛显军,四至八名依次是大连赵金成大师、大连卜凤波特大、鞍山钟少鸿大师、辽阳白殿友、抚顺徐绍强,以下九至三十二名依次是辽阳范思远、本溪朱天龙、沈阳金松大师、铁岭宋国强大师、盘锦李冠男、鞍山贾晓峰、唐山程龙、大石桥江晓辉、北京幺毅、吉林张新军、本溪邬江、鞍山田子航、本溪陈绍明、沈阳杨国斯、大石桥廖敬宇、沈阳苗永鹏特大、鞍山马权、沈阳陈越、本溪张永凯、鞍山于利祥、沈阳刘鑫、北京平涛、葫芦岛陈福奎、沈阳张永华.     

俱乐部海水,国家队火焰

俱乐部状态是国脚身份的唯一标准?在国家荣誉日益被俱乐部边缘化的欧洲足坛,热衷于俱乐部的个人前途而经常对国家队置若罔闻的耍大牌者比比皆是。     

浙江省电脑体育彩票的现状分析与发展对策研究

结合历年的体育彩票销售额、类型,对浙江省体育彩票目前的现状进行归纳总结,并分析存在的问题,提出几点建议。     

我国东北地区部分大型雪场简介与分析

通过对我国东北地区部分大型高山雪场的概况、雪道、器材、交通、住宿、服务、价格等方面进行简介与分析,最终对雪场作出定位,为滑雪爱好者服务,同时希望对规范冬季滑雪旅游市场有所帮助.     

超越自我的艰难挑战不辱使命的崭新跨越——全国公安系统棋类比赛回眸(二)

集训的日子是无声无息的,也是有条不紊的.除了教练的指导外,剩下的主要靠自己实战、解拆、看名家讲座,有时为了一个变例分支,我们两个人竟真刀真枪地大动干戈,一天的时间好像一眨眼.我每天都记日记、写心得体会,这是我的秘密武器,也是多年来养成的好习惯,实践证明,这种方式是卓有成效的.在我的感染下,我的搭档老杨也动起了笔,把一些重要棋局、典型待审盘面专门在笔记本上记下.     

中、日、韩三国青少年足球培养体系比较研究

通过查阅文献资料和专家访谈等方法,对中、日、韩三国青少年足球培养体系进行比较后发现:日本较中、韩两国的发展目标长远;日、韩非常重视学校足球的开展,中国则过多依赖俱乐部后备梯队和足球学校;中国青少年足球人才培养成本远远高于日、韩两国;中国高水平的青少年足球教练员较少,围绕青少年足球运动员培养的理论研究还不够深入,缺乏先进的、科学的训练理念和方法手段;日、韩高度重视青少年足球人才文化教育,中国却将足球训练与文化学习对立起来.根据国情,借鉴日、韩成功经验,提出改变中国青少年足球培养工作落后面貌的对策:足球管理部门、教育部门、社会企业以及家庭要多方共同携手;要高度重视青少年足球人才的文化教育,树立"以足球培育完人"的培养思想;加强青少年足球教练员队伍建设,做到科学化指导与训练;要充分利用中国的人口优势,只有在全国范围内掀起青少年足球热潮,中国足球才能真正做到可持续发展.     

不同运动方式和抗氧化剂对大鼠心肌cAMP、cGMP 代谢的影响

以SD大鼠为研究对象,并将其随机分成一次性运动组、耐力运动组和间歇运动组,其中每组再分成服用抗氧化剂和不服用抗氧化剂两组共6组,所用大鼠在完成最后一次运动后,分别于运动后即刻、运动后24h和运动后48h处死取样,并对心肌线粒体cAMP、cGMP进行测定,以研究不同运动方式和抗氧化剂对大鼠心肌代谢的影响,为运动训练提供参考.实验结果表明:服用抗氧化剂对耐力运动组和间歇运动组恢复期的心肌cAMP浓度具有一定的影响,而对这两组恢复期的心肌cGMP浓度则并无显著性作用;运动方式和抗氧化剂是影响心肌cAMP、cGMP浓度变化的主要因素.     

福建省三城市超重肥胖人群的分布特征

利用福建省三城市2005年国民体质监测资料,对福建省福州、厦门、三明三城市8 850名成年人(20～69岁)中超重肥胖者分布特点进行研究.结果表明:超重肥胖率存在很大的人群差异,表现为:男性高于女性,大城市高于中小城市,城乡之间、不同工种之间、不同文化程度之间存在差异.     

把中线当底线

1994年,带领巴塞罗那完成队史上首次西甲四连冠的克鲁伊夫接受荷兰<国际足球>杂志采访时,大赞爱徒科曼如何以侵略性的防守风格扮演了球队中流砥柱云云,但被问及科曼是否是当代最优秀的中卫时,春风得意的球圣顾左右而言他:"我职业生涯中最佩服的后卫毫无疑问是弗朗茨·贝肯鲍尔,他会在你最心急火燎的时候把球踢上看台,但就当你以为他要开大脚时,他却一个人带球冲过中圈,然后把球准确地传到两个中卫的空当."事实上,在1966年英格兰世界杯之前,习惯游弋于中场的贝肯鲍尔最乐意做的事情,就是以迅雷不及掩耳的抢断将球权瞬间易主,然后带球一路奔袭,在禁区前沿或传或射完成进攻.有出类拔萃的大局观和身体素质作后盾,即便此后被牢牢锁定在中卫位置上,贝肯鲍尔仍是进可攻退可守的第一位"自由人".     

"三浴"祛了我的三种病

我患慢性鼻炎多年,一遇到感冒就如火上加油,鼻塞更严重了.此时,我才意识到感冒不除鼻炎好不了.于是,我决心治感冒.不久,我的眼睛傍晚开始疼痛,到眼科看了几次,有的医生疑为青光眼,但多次测眼压都正常;还有的医生疑为神经性眼痛.在我束手无策之际,我在有关报刊上看到了《冷水洗脸温水牙热水脚》、《摩鼻洗脸预防感冒》等文章,读后,我觉得文中推荐的非药疗法既适合治疗我所患的病又简单易行.于是我决定试用,自己设计了一种"三浴"法.     

Carbohydrate ingestion improves endurance performance during a 1h simulated cycling time trial

This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue.     

Science and medicine of rowing: A review

The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae.     

我国体育市场管理法规研究

采用调查法和比较法对全国体育市场立法和管理现状进行调查,对部分较早出台并有一定代表性的省市的体育市场管理法规的立法和管理情况进行了研究,提出了体育市场管理立法和管理的原则、基本程序、措施及其一般模式,为规范全国体育市场管理提供参考依据。     

重新认识体育的社会关联

体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。     

上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点探析

本文在专家访谈、问卷调查、数理统计和文献资料分析的基础上,探析了上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点、参与者对社区体育赛事运作管理的看法等问题。在此基础上从引进社区体育赛事的志愿者、整合社区体育赛事的各种资源、开发社区体育竞赛的无形资产、组建非营利性的专业团队、规范社区体育赛事的服务管理等方面提出了进一步满足上海社区居民日益增长的体育竞赛参赛需求的对策与措施。     

对全面把握游泳训练环节的探讨

从系统观点出发,结合训练实践,对全面把握游泳训练环节进行探讨。认为应强化非智力因素在运动员多年训练中的作用,在育材全过程中不断选材,从整体上把握动态训练的全过程,把培养高水平运动员的整个过程置于一个严格的科学控制之下。     

我国优秀游泳运动员出发技术辅助训练的研究

为改进我国优秀游泳运动员的出发技术,采用观测和实验方法,通过拍摄运动员陆上和水下出发技术录像以及出发计时,对出发技术进行运动生物力学诊断和分析。在此基础上,根据运动员自身特点和不同泳姿提出相应的入水启动方式,并研制出发训练辅助器材,对出发预备姿势、腾起角度以及飞行远度和入水角进行控制。实践证明:这是一种快捷、有效的出发技术辅助训练方法。     

运动性呼吸肌疲劳与耐力性项目的运动能力

影响和限制耐力性运动项目的成绩的生理因素是复杂的和多方面的,取决于训练的强度和运动成绩.大强度持续性运动可导致呼吸肌疲劳.运动性呼吸疲劳可能在决定运动耐量方面起到关键的作用：一方面通过直接影响运动肌力量的生成（外周疲劳）,另一方面,通过肢体用力自感不安反馈引起工作肌运动单位输出功率下降（中枢疲劳）.对呼吸肌进行训练,可能有助于提高耐力性项目的运动成绩.     

Identifying home advantage in international tennis and golf tournaments

A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international ‘grand-slam’ tennis and ‘major’ golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tournaments held in 1993. The only possible evidence of home advantage was found in the Wimbledon tennis and the US Open golf championships. Even these findings can be explained, at least partially, by (1) the availability of information concerning the low world rankings of the British tennis players competing at Wimbledon, and (2) selective entry, allowing only the world's top-ranked foreign golfers into the US open golf tournament. In both cases, the lower ranking home competitors have a greater opportunity to perform above their anticipated world rankings. Therefore, provided entry into tennis and golf tournaments is truly ‘open’ to both the host nation's representatives and foreign competitors alike, home advantage does not appear to be a major factor influencing the competitors' performance in such competitions. These findings may be explained by the relatively objective nature of the scoring systems used in tennis and golf, unlike the subjective influence of refereeing decisions on the results of team-games such as soccer.     

对欧洲足球技战术发展趋势的思考

结合欧洲足球技战术的发展特点,就鲁能泰山足球队的体能训练、技术训练、防守阵型、进攻方式、定位球、职业态度、球星培养等诸方面所存在的不足进行了分析,提出相应的改进意见。