大学生学习适应状况及其与学业成就的关系研究

目的:探讨大学生学习适应状况及其与学业成就的关系。方法:采用自编大学生学习适应状况量表和绩效评价量表对813名在校大学生进行测评,并进行相关和回归分析。结果:大学生学习适应总体状况存在显著性的年级和专业差异,表现为随着年级的升高呈现先下降后上升的趋势;大学生学习适应状况与学业成就之间存在显著性相关;学习方法、学习态度与学习动力对大学生学业成就具有较好的预测作用,学习方法对学业成就的预测能力最强。结论:大学生学习适应状况与其学业成就水平密切相关,而且对其学业成就水平有一定的预测作用。     

大学生心理安全感与归因方式的关系研究

目的:探讨大学生心理安全感和归因方式之间的关系。方法:采用安全感量表(SQ)和多维度—多归因因果与量表(MMCS)对360名在校大学生进行调查。结果:1学业成就—努力、背景、外向、内向与心理安全感存在显著相关。人际关系—背景、运气、外向与心理安全感存在显著相关。2学习成就—努力、背景、内向、外向维度,人际关系—背景、运气、外向维度的高低分组在归因方式存在显著差异。3心理安全感对学业成就归因和人际关系归因具有显著的负向预测作用,且回归系数均显著。其中人际安全感对学业成就归因的倾向性归因的解释率为3.9%,对人际关系归因的倾向性的解释率为5.1%。4学业成就归因及其各维度对归因方式显著的回归,回归系数均显著,学业成就—努力、内向归因对心理安全感具有显著的正向预测作用,学业成就—背景、外向归因和学业成就总分对心理安全感有显著的负向预测作用。结论:大学生心理安全感与归因倾向性相关显著,互为因果,能够相互预测。     

高校班集体对大学生学业成就影响的实证研究

班集体是大学生学习和生活的重要微观环境。良好的班集体环境不仅能够促进大学生身心健康发展,而且能够有效提升学生的学习兴趣、学习态度和学习成果,甚至会对学生的一生产生重要影响。文章以群体动力学理论为基础,使用计量模型为分析工具,通过对班集体中各个变量的回归分析系统考察了班集体对学生学业成就的影响,并证实了高校班集体对大学生学业成就的影响是显著的。     

大学生心理资本对学习倦怠和学业成就的影响及其调节效应研究——以新余学院为例

对新余学院400名大学生进行问卷调查,采用定量分析与定性分析相结合的方法,分析人口统计学变量的差异和探讨大学生心理资本对学习倦怠和学业成就的影响及心理资本在学习倦怠与学业成就中的调节效应。结果发现:心理资本及五个因子对学业成就具有显著的正向预测作用;心理资本及五个因子对学习倦怠具有显著的负性预测效应;学习倦怠对学业成就有显著的负性影响;心理资本在学习倦怠对学业成就中没有显著的调节效应。     

大学生自我效能感、学习动机与学业成就关系的研究

研究以400名在校大学生为测试对象,以自我效能感量表、大学生学习动机量表和学业成就量表为工具,采用相关分析、回归分析等方法探讨大学生自我效能感、学习动机与学业成就之间的关系.结果表明,自我效能感、学习动机和学业成就三者之间存在相关关系,且自我效能感与学业成就、学习动机和学业成就之间均呈显著正相关.自我效能感和学习动机对学业成就均有一定的解释作用,自我效能感对学业成就的预测作用更佳.     

大学生学业自我效能感与成就动机的关系

通过对山西省部分高校大学生共计400名有效被试进行问卷调查，分析大学生学业自我效能感和成就动机水平是否存在性别差异、年级差异和专业差异，并探讨大学生学业自我效能感与成就动机水平的关系。结果表明：大学生成就动机水平在性别上存在显著差异，女生高于男生，一年级学生追求成就动机水平高于其它年级，在避免失败动机上理工科学生显著地高于文科学生。学习能力自我效能感与发展能力自我效能感呈显著正相关，大学生学业自我效能感与追求成就的动机呈显著正相关，与避免失败的动机呈显著负相关。     

新时期大学生学习态度研究现状及存在问题

学习态度是个体持有的一套有关学习的观念系统,它对大学生的学业有直接影响。在社会转型期,社会和教育环境正发生变化,改善大学生学习态度关系到新时期大学生学业价值观的发展,关系到大学生价值取向的发展。在梳理新时期大学生学习态度概念、学习态度研究方法、学习态度研究等主要内容的基础上,提出新时期大学生学习态度研究中可能存在的问题。     

初中生感恩、学习投入与学业成就的关系研究

使用青少年感恩量表、学习投入量表对邯郸市189名初中生进行了问卷调查,分析初中生感恩、学习投入和学业成就三者之间的关系.结果显示:感恩、学习投入与学业成就存在显著正相关,并且感恩与学习投入能够显著正向预测学业成就;学习投入在感恩与学业成就之间存在中介效应.     

元认知、学习动机与数学学业成就关系的研究

以251名四～六年级小学生为被试,采用相关分析、多元回归分析的方法,探讨元认知、学习动机鸟数学学业成就之间的关系。结果发现：元认知、学习动机存在显著年级差异,其中元认知中的监测、调整也存在显著的年级差异;元认知与学习动机总体相关显著。元认知与数学学业成就存在显著正相关,学习动机与数学学业成就也存在显著正相关。元认知中的计划、监测、调节与学习动机存在显著正相关,其中监测与学习动机相关最高;元认知中的监测对学习动机、数学学业成就存在显著回归效应。     

大学生学业自我效能感、自尊与学习倦怠的关系再探

目的：探讨大学生学业自我效能感、自尊与学习倦怠的现状及三者之间的关系,为减轻大学生的学习倦怠水平提供对策。方法：采用大学生学业自我效能感量表、自尊量表和大学生学习倦怠量表对184名在校大学生进行调查。结果：大学生自尊水平普遍比较高,学业自我效能感及学习倦怠总体处于中等水平;大学生自尊、学业自我效能感及学习倦怠存在在显著的性别及城乡间的差异;大学生自尊与学业自我效能感及其两个维度成显著正相关,与学习倦怠及其三个维度成显著负相关;学业自我效能感与学习倦怠总分及其行为不当、成就感低两个维度成显著负相关,但与情绪低落这一维度相关不显著;自尊与学业自我效能感对学习倦怠具有很好的预测作用。结论：自尊与学业自我效能感能很好地预测学习倦怠,可以通过提高学业自我效能感、培养高自尊的方式来降低大学生的学习倦怠水平。     

Instructional strategy change and the attitude and achievement of seventh- and eighth-grade science students

This sequential methodologic elaboration study investigated differences between the middle school and the junior high instructional strategies and the effects on adolescent attitude toward science in school and science achievement. Subjects of the quantitative phase were 570 seventh- and eighth-grade students in one school in an urban school district in the midwest United States during a transition year from junior high to middle school. Germann's Attitude toward Science in School Assessment and the school district's Benchmark Exams were employed to measure student pre- and posttest attitude and achievement. Variations within grade level, gender, race, general ability, and socioeconomic group were evaluated. Results of split plots revealed no significant differences in science attitude between the experimental middle school group and the junior high control group at this phase. However, there was significant improvement in attitude in both seventh-grade populations, but no change in attitude in either eighth-grade population. No significant differences in attitude were found between males and females, Caucasian students and students of color, or students of different ability or socioeconomic groups. Significant increases in science achievement were revealed in the seventh-grade junior high control group, the eighth-grade middle school, and the eighth-grade junior high, but not in the seventh-grade middle school. No significant differences in achievement were found between males and females. Caucasians scored significantly higher in achievement than students of color. Average and high ability students scored significantly higher pretest to posttest, but low ability students did not. High ability students scored significantly higher than both average and low ability groups. There was significant improvement in science achievement for students in the sufficient socioeconomic status group, but not in the low socioeconomic status group. These results were discussed with the five science teachers, the principal, and a university consultant in the setting, who were the informants of the qualitative elaboration phase of the study. Ethnographic methods uncovered themes explaining differences and similarities within the two instructional strategies. Teachers' feelings and stages of concern were identified. The results are discussed in terms of effectively implementing changes in instructional strategies and assessing science achievement of early adolescents.     

Gifted Pupils as Sources of Inspiration in the Class?

Abstract

Hofset, A. (1971). Gifted Pupils as Sources of Inspiration in the Class? Scand. J. educ. Res. 15, 3, 137‐148. The purpose of the present investigation has been to test the reality of the statement that gifted pupils are a source of inspiration in their classes. To make it testable, we formulated the question thus: Is the school achievement better and the attitude towards school more positive in classes with many (4 or more) gifted pupils ( plus‐classes) than in classes with few (0 or 1, minus‐classes)? Our assumption was that a possible inspiring effect will reveal itself in achievement and/or attitudes. We also wanted to know whether the presence of gifted classmates will reduce the other pupils’ chances of being chosen as class leaders. Data from the primary grades 3, 5, and 7 were collected in 1963‐67. The total number of pupils was approximately 2,000. There were no significant achievement differences between plus‐ and minus‐classes. The attitude towards school (self‐reported) was slightly more positive in plus‐classes in grade 5. In grade 3 there was no attitude difference. Leadership choice status was lower for most pupil categories in plus‐classes in grade 5, but not in grade 3.     

A Longitudinal Study in Mathematics Attitude

Abstract

Educators have expressed concern about the relationship of mathematics attitude and mathematics achievement. The present investigation examined the relationships between mathematics attitude and mathematics achievement over a 6-year period from the late elementary to the late secondary school level. The subjects were 607 students from an above average socio-economic suburb of St. Paul, Minnesota. They were tested in the spring of 1960 with a mathematics attitude instrument and were retested in the spring of 1966. Measures of achievement in mathematics were available at both grade levels. Using a .05 level of significance the results showed a significant positive correlation between the elementary attitude scores and the secondary attitude scores. In addition significant positive correlations existed between all measures of attitude and achievement.     

Development of the attitude toward science in school assessment and its use to investigate the relationship between science achievement and attitude toward science in school

There is much interest in science courses in high school and student attitudes toward those courses. A valid and reliable instrument that measures such attitudes is not available. This study first developed and validated the Attitude toward Science in School Assessment (ATSSA). The instrument was used to evaluate the relationship between such attitude and achievement in science. A low correlation was found between attitude and various achievement tests. A moderate correlation was found between attitude and achievement that included an evaluation of the quality of work, as in a course grade.     

Families,Schools, and Children’s School Achievement: A Study Based on Rural Regions in China Gansu Province

Abstract:

This paper focuses on the impact of school factors on student achievement due to differences in family backgrounds. Based on the principle of diminishing effects of school investment in children’s achievement, this study built a model that includes individual characteristics, family characteristics, and school characteristics. Family and school variables were incorporated into the model. The subjective effort in children’s individual study and family investment and effort in education were controlled. Using data on elementary school children from 20 counties in Gansu Province, this study found that parents’ level of education and family income and indices of school quality have a significant positive relationship to children’s achievement. However, an increase in school investment will shrink the score differences caused by differences in children’s family backgrounds. The policy implications are that increased educational investment in impoverished rural areas has an even more significant positive effect on the achievement of children from disadvantaged family backgrounds.     

Sex,Grade Level,and the Relationship between Mathematics Attitude and Achievement in Children

Abstract

Data on the mathematics attitudes and achievement of elementary school children (TV = 1,896) were gathered twice during the school year. Relationships between attitude and achievement were considered in connection with sex of student, grade level, type of achievement test, and time during the school year at which the measurements were taken. Findings indicated that observed relationships between attitudes and achievement were significantly stronger in boys than girls; with the measurement of computational compared with conceptual skills; and late during the school year compared with early in the school year. Relationships between attitude and achievement appeared also to increase with successive grade levels: however, this trend failed to reach significance at the .05 level.     

The effects of matching instructional strategy with selected student characteristics on ninth grade physical science students' attitudes and achievement

The study investigated the benefits of a matching model of instruction for students enrolled in ninth grade physical science classes in one high school in a small, urban school district. Based on social learning theory, three independent variables were identified for purposes of matching: need level, cognitive style, and locus of control; attitude and achievement outcomes served as the dependent variables. Results of separate analyses of covariance revealed that attitude toward science in general improved with matching, but achievement, attitude toward physical science, attitude toward instruction, and attitude toward the teacher did not improve. Recommendations for subsequent “matching” experiments are discussed in light of the findings in this investigation.     

A Structural Model of Attitudes Towards School Subjects,Academic Aspiration and Achievement

The aims of this study were to test the structure of attitudes to school subjects and to test the causal relationship between attitudes, level of aspiration (goal) and achievement with SEM procedures. A total of 280 high school students participated in the study. Items measuring attitude towards each subject matter clustered around one factor indicating that each school subject is unique, but related, to other subjects. These distinct, but related, factors seemed to be underlined by a higher-order construct: 'attitudes to school'. The structural analysis revealed that 'attitudes to school' influence achievement, but only indirectly. Level of aspiration had significant direct effect on achievement and mediated between 'attitudes' and achievement.     

家庭环境对学业成绩的影响研究

采用自编的家庭环境调查问卷,对安徽省凤阳县1295名初三学生家庭环境状况与中考成绩进行调查,以考察家庭环境因素与学业成绩之间的关系,结果发现:家庭环境因素中家庭教育背景、家庭结构、家庭学习资源对学业成绩显著正相关;家庭教育态度中其父母参与度、支持度、亲子互动对学业成绩显著正相关,监管度对学业成绩显著负相关.家庭经济水平、家庭教育背景、家庭职业背景、家庭结构均可透过家庭学习资源间接影响学业成绩;而家庭经济水平、家庭教育背景、家庭结构又可透过家庭教育态度间接影响学业成绩,家庭学习资源和家庭教育态度是影响学业成绩的重要因素     

Resource Utilization Relative to Students’ Achievement in and Attitude Toward Science

Abstract

An examination of the relationships between the manner of utilization of human and material resources and students’ achievement in and attitude toward science was undertaken in this study. The results show that the frequency of use of laboratory resources had the highest positive correlation with achievement (.57) followed by the quality of use of laboratory resources (.51). Variables related to laboratory staff were not significantly related to achievement. For the attitude measure, the quality of use of laboratory resources had the highest correlation value (.42) followed by the frequency of use of laboratory resources (.39). When the nine resource utilization variables were regressed in a step-wise fashion on the dependent variables, only six made significant contributions to predictions of achievement and attitude. The relative contributions of the variables are reported in the paper.