地方应用型高校大学英语课程考核方式改革研究——以六盘水师范学院为例

大学英语是高等教育的重要组成部分,是本科高校开设的一门公共必修课,其考核方式一定程度上决定着学生的英语学习成效。针对当前应用型高校大学英语课程考核方式存在的问题,指出应从注重终结性考核逐渐走向将形成性考核与终结性考核相结合,更注重学生的平时学习,将听说读写译等各项技能及综合应用能力作为课程形成性考核的重点,只有采用合理又多元化的考核方式才能够更好地促进学生的语言学习和不断提高教学效果。     

现代远程教育课程考核模式优化探究

现代远程教育课程考核具有复杂性和特殊性,应通过考核模式和其运行机制的重心转移,教学过程、考核模式与内容融为一体等优化手段对其进行改革,要注重学习的过程性考核,并根据课程性质的不同,采取形成性考核和终结性考核相结合的模式。     

‘Formative good,summative bad?’ – A review of the dichotomy in assessment literature

The debate between summative and formative assessment is creating a situation that increasingly calls to mind the famous slogan in George Orwell’s (1945) Animal Farm – ‘Four legs good, two legs bad’. Formative assessment is increasingly being portrayed in the literature as ‘good’ assessment, which tutors should strive towards, whereas summative assessment is ‘bad’ assessment on which tutors should minimise their focus, instead moving towards formative assessment (Taras 2005). By revisiting the origins of formative assessment, this article aims to bring back to light that summative and formative assessment are connected at their inception. It highlights how research in the literature has unintentionally created a harmful dichotomy between summative and formative assessment, and it identifies some attempts in the literature to re-connect formative and summative assessment. This paper challenges the dichotomy in the literature and invites those in higher education to consider the fundamental idea that formative and summative assessment need to work in harmony and should not be seen as contrary to each other.     

形成性评价对英语口语学习策略的影响

实验采用问卷调查、周记等为研究工具,对非英语专业大学生进行了为期一个学期的形成性评价教学与终结性评价教学对比研究,探讨形成性评价对学生口语学习策略的促进作用,对比形成性评价教学与终结性评价教学对学习成绩的影响。     

国际视野下的本科生学习结果评估——对“评估什么”和“如何评估”的分析与思考

当前,世界发达国家都很关注本科生的学习结果评估,并陆续开发出各种评估工具,推进评估实践。就评估的内容而言,各种评估工具主要关注学生学习的认知结果与非认知结果,并且因评估形式的不同,在评估内容的指向上存在着差异。就评估的机制而言,各国在组织、频率、参与者及结果使用等方面也表现一些共性与个性的特点。     

大学英语教学改革与评估手段矛盾的研究

目前,大学英语教学方法改革如火如荼,而很多高校在教学评估方面依然以考试成绩来评定学生的学习能力和教学质量。这种单一的、传统的评估方式严重制约了英语教学方法和教学模式改革的发展。笔者分析了一种新的教育评估方法——行为表现评估,与传统评估方式比较,总结出其特性与优势,并运用格朗兰德的评估五原则设计具体操作方法,在学生中进行了实验,已初见成效。     

大学英语网络自主学习有效评价机制探究

评价是大学英语教学的一个重要组成部分,科学的评价体系是实现大学英语教学目标的有利保障。目前,在培养学生英语自主学习能力这一大学英语教学改革的前提下,基于多媒体和网络的大学英语网络自主学习模式被广泛应用于大学英语教学中。基于此背景,该文重点研究了如何将结性评价与形成性评价有机结合,建立有效的大学英语网络自主学习评价体系,以消除自主学习过程中可能出现的消极因素,提高学生参与自主学习的积极性、稳定性及学习效率。     

Formative assessment – an optimistic but incomplete vision

The preceding articles in this issue describe a diverse range of projects which had in common the aim of implementing or improving the practice of formative assessment, and thereby to secure some of the benefits attributed to it. This article attempts to set up a framework within which each of the different studies may be located and inter-related. There are three main sections. The first deals with the roles of assessment, both formative and summative, within a comprehensive model of pedagogy. The second considers the specific ways in which the different practices of assessment feedback help to develop the capacity of each student to become a thoughtful and independent learner. The third reviews the ways in which new assessment practices present problems to teachers in challenging them to re-think their role and similarly to students, when for both groups, new practices affect their ways of coping in the classroom.     

Closing the feedback loop? Iterative feedback between tutor and student in coursework assessments

We evaluate the case for using feedback iteratively, to improve student engagement and learning. In this model, students were invited to respond to tutor feedback with students’ own responses. Among the three courses/modules (three tutors) studied, differences in feedback styles were evident from: (a) thematic analysis of tutor comments and, for one course, and (b) comments in a student focus group. Students were inconsistent in their evaluation of tutor feedback but, in a more detailed study of one of the courses, there was clear evidence for the benefits of iterative feedback. Lessons from the main study were then applied to a course that had not previously incorporated iterative feedback. Using this experience, we provide suggestions for applying iterative feedback in assessments.     

学习性评价:涵义、方法及原理

学习性评价是以促进学生发展、教师提高和改进教学实践为目的的内部非正式评价,也是有效教学的一个有机组成部分.学习性评价的主要方法可以概括为:(1)改进课堂提问方式,增加回答等待时间;(2)提高作业反馈质量,促进学生深入反思;(3)加强同伴与自我评价,形成自主与责任意识;(4)两种评价结合并用,优化评价教育功能.在科学课堂上实施学习性评价,首先改变了科学教师的教学方式,其次促进了学生学习方式的转变,提高课堂互动的效果和教学质量,从而有效地促进师生的共同发展.     

大学英语教学中的形成性评价略论

在现行的大学英语教学评价体系中,片面强调教学结果的终结性评价存在诸多负面影响,而注重学习过程评价的形成性评价有利于提高学生的自主学习能力和英语综合应用能力,促进学生全面发展。本文在介绍形成性评价基本理论基础上,提出了在大学英语教学中应用形成性评价的原则和具体做法,并总结了需要注意的若干问题。     

网络技术下提高大学生英语听力的合作促学形成性评价方式的实证研究

大学生英语听说能力的提高是整个大学英语教学改革中的重点和难点。因此,改变传统的单一的终结性评价模式,建立新型的多样化的评价模式,将形成性评价用于语言教学的过程,不仅是让其作为评价的手段,而且是通过它达到促学的目的。在对理工科的非英语专业学生的英语听力教学上,将善于操作计算机和网络的优点和这种新的形成性评价方式结合起来,可以促进学生英语听说能力的提高,是教学改革方面的一个有益尝试。     

“双减”政策背景下学生学业评价问题的若干思考

在“双减”政策背景下,中小学既要大力压减考试次数,严格控制作业数量,又要确保教育教学的高质量发展,提供令家长满意的高品质教育,所以必须加大学生学业评价改革的探索力度。一些可行的改革策略主要有:去繁就简,简化评价设计,提高评价效率;改进结果评价,深化命题改革,探索表现性评价;强化过程评价,评学结合,以评促学。有了学业评价改革的配套支撑,轻负高质的教育才有望真正实现。     

Variation indexes of marks due to continuous assessment. Empirical approach at university / Índices de variación de la nota debidos a la evaluación continua. Contrastación empírica en la enseñanza universitaria

The European Higher Education Area (EHEA) has required continuous assessment at university in Spain. The goal of this paper is to analyse how continuous assessment modifies the subject’s final mark, to ascertain whether it improves or lowers the final exam score and to determine whether other variables also affect this relationship. To accomplish this, we have created a database with the marks earned by students who took the final exam in the Financial Accounting class at university in the last three academic years. A variation index of the exam score was constructed as a consequence of continuous assessment, and it was analysed both quantitatively and qualitatively. The results obtained from the marks and the index were analysed using contingency tables, ANOVA, regression analyses and a contrast of differences in mean. The main conclusions allow us to state that continuous assessment has an important direct effect on the learning process as well as on the final exam score and the overall class mark, and that other variables also influence them.     

A collaborative assessment of students’ placement learning

The research informing this paper set out to investigate the qualitative experiences of students, supervisors and tutors involved in a summative collaborative assessment of placement learning on an undergraduate professional qualifying programme in the UK. Analysis of data gathered through semi-structured interviews provides valuable insights into its use. In particular, engagement in a collaborative assessment brings a degree of exposure for all concerned. Participants need to feel ‘able’ to participate, and ability to participate is linked to notions of agency and autonomy. Collaborative assessment design needs to acknowledge power relations and include strategies to reduce imbalances. The importance of recognising and working with the complexities of assessment should not be underestimated. Criterion referencing offers a guide to support consistency but can also falsely present assessment as mechanistic and instrumental. The research shows that it is in the ‘doing’ of assessment that a ‘shared language’ is developed. It demonstrates the value of active student engagement in assessment in relation to the construction and use of theory, developing reflective practice and assessment literacy. The collaborative assessment provides students with the opportunity to experience a ‘performance of understanding’ in a community of practice that, whilst pressured, reflects ‘real’ professional life.     

Project-based learning as a contributing factor to graduates’ work readiness

This paper explores what work readiness means for two cohorts of graduate engineers, one from a traditional curriculum, the second from a largely project-based curriculum. Professional bodies and employers have defined a set of attributes for engineering graduates so that graduates will be ‘work ready’. Problem-based learning (PBL) is claimed to be a suitable approach to develop such skills. The graduates were interviewed some months after starting work, along with their managers. All the graduates recognised the benefits of taking PBL subjects as well as vacation work, with success in communication attributed more to PBL. Both cohorts had similar learning outcomes, high skill levels in project management, problem solving, communication skills, research and sustainability. A skills gap in ethics was identified for both cohorts of graduates and their managers. Further work is planned to link skill development with undergraduate learning experience.