基于全球比较的中国汽车产业科技协同创新平台改革建议研究

聚焦汽车产业科技协同创新平台,首先从组织架构、科技计划、项目管理三方面剖析了中国原有科技创新体系存在的主要问题;然后对美国、德国、日本等发达国家汽车产业科技创新体系进行了对比研究;最后针对中国汽车产业的发展现状,借鉴发达国家成功经验,从优化组织架构、设计创新链条、建立协同机制等方面提出中国汽车产业科技协同创新平台顶层设计和机制改革建议。     

科技冬奥协同创新网络构建及其对我国科技创新治理体系的启示*

科技冬奥协同创新网络是因冬奥会这一特定事件而形成的创新组织机制,其多元主体参与、网络组织模式、科研攻关方式、应用创新路径等方面的创新做法对我国科技创新治理体系具有重要的现实意义。以科技冬奥协同创新网络为研究对象,基于科技与奥运互动关系,从多系统融合、多主体协同、多组织嵌套、多机制联动四个维度探讨科技冬奥协同创新网络的形成及运行机理;基于系统视角构建科技冬奥协同创新网络运行框架,并从纵横向政府互动关系和多元主体合作关系两个层面明晰网络结构;从理念引领、制度优势、组织模式创新、科研攻关范式创新、协同创新机制等方面总结协同创新网络构建经验和成效,为健全我国科技创新治理体系和创新治理模式提供了启示与借鉴     

粤港澳大湾区科技协同创新发展研究：基于要素协同的视角

为优化粤港澳大湾区（以下简称“大湾区”）科技协同创新发展路径，从要素协同的视角剖析大湾区科技协同创新的整体区域特征及现存问题，总结归纳大湾区科技协同创新的经验模式。研究发现，粤港澳大湾区科技协同创新发展明显不均衡，尽管已在组织与制度设计、跨境科技创新协同、要素流动与共享、创新合作平台体系搭建等方面形成了特色经验与模式，但仍然存在体制机制有待完善、产业科技创新协同程度不高、要素流动渠道不畅、主体动力不足且协同性不强等问题。基于此，提出完善科技协同创新协调机制、推进形成创新资源共享和开放机制、打造创新主体协同机制及建立协同创新资金保障机制等建议，为促进粤港澳大湾区打破“三个地区、两种制度、三种语系”的创新要素流动障碍，建设具有全球影响力的国际科技创新中心提供参考。     

首都科技引领京津冀协同发展存在的问题及对策建议

京津冀协同发展的关键点在于创新驱动。目前京津冀形成了多层次的合作机制及协同模式,但还存在原始创新不足、体制壁垒制约科技创新要素整合、顶层设计尚不完善、科技创新市场化程度不高、科技创新带动作用不足等问题。在京津冀区域协同创新合作方向及平台建设的基础上,从凝聚科技创新要素、破除体制机制障碍、构建科技协作平台、共建创新驱动示范区、出台科技战略规划、探索跨区域利益共享、完善社会政策环境等方面,探讨首都科技引领京津冀协同发展的对策建议。     

协同创新模式下科技创新人才发展研究*

科技创新人才溢出效用最大化的发挥需协同创新模式的有力支撑和正确引导,本文基于协同创新科技创新人才发展机制现状研究,从协同创新模式框架的构建和人才发展的客观需求角度,分析人才发展机制的四大平台培育机制、使用机制、激励机制与评价机制,构架以协同创新理念为核心的人才发展资源的规划机制体系,对驱动创新战略的实现和发展有重要意义。     

面向区域产业发展的产学研协同创新实践经验与启示

产学研协同创新开启了产学研合作的2.0时代。面向区域产业发展视角,论文从法律制度、科技计划、创新政策、载体建设、中介组织、大学制度、中小企业创新等方面,对美国、英国、德国和日本等发达国家的产学研协同创新实践进行了系统扫描。借鉴发达国家的典型经验,建议地方政府部门可以从创新模式选择、制度体系完善、研发基金调节、大学制度改革和中小企业创新支持等方面,为区域科技、教育、产业的协同发展提供有力支持。     

德国科研机构协同创新组织模式研究

在创新驱动发展的战略背景下,联合各类科技创新主体、强化协同创新是践行并加快实现高水平科技自立自强的有效途径。当前,我国处在促进协同创新加速发展的重要时期,需要借鉴国外的成功经验。文章通过文献分析和案例分析等方法,在梳理协同创新内涵及其组织模式的基础上,以德国四大科研机构之间的项目型、集成型、战略联盟型、平台型和网络型5类代表性组织模式为例,从协同创新目标、合作主体、组织机制、出资方式、政府作用和合作成效等方面分析和总结了不同组织模式的特征、优势和适用情形,为推动我国科技创新协同发展提供借鉴。     

如何提升地方农业院校在区域农业经济发展中的科技协同创新作用

如何发挥高校在“科学技术前沿和社会发展重大问题、行业产业经济发展的核心共性问题、区域发展的重大需求以及我国社会主义文化建设的迫切需求”等方面的作用,是当前各高校在科技协同创新大背景下必须思考的论题.本文从学科结构调整和科技创新平台建设、协同创新项目组织与申报、科技协同创新机制改革等角度,就如何提升江西地方性农业高等院校江西农业大学在我省农业经济发展中的科技协同创新作用进行了论述.     

协同创新视解下地方高校科研管理机制的研究

“201i”计划的实施,为地方高校的发展带来了新的机遇和挑战。从科技资源共享机制、创新团队建设、成果研究和转化平台、科研评价体系等几个方面分析了目前地方高校科研管理中的问题,基于协同创新的视角提出了完善地方高校科研管理机制的措施。     

京津冀区域金融支持科技创新的研究

京津冀协同发展战略的提出为三地金融支持科技创新的协同发展提供了良好的政策支持。立足于京津冀三地科技创新现状,从三地资源差异、合作意识、支持力度等方面分析金融支持三地科技创新协同发展中存在的问题;并通过探讨长三角、珠三角和台湾地区金融支持科技创新的经验,以及从政策法规、金融支持机构、风险投资方面对比分析美国、德国、日本和以色列等发达国家关于金融支持科技创新的经验和做法,提出京津冀三地金融应从加强区域顶层设计、坚持政府推动与市场运作相结合、强化京津冀科技创新和金融支持的匹配与互动、构建科技创新和金融创新"双中心"的对策建议。     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence     

Chinese Scientists Use Earth Observation Technologies to Study and Protect Wild Camels

<正>Chinese scientists plan to apply Earth Observation technologies to protect the critically endangered wild camels(Camelus ferus).With the help of remote sensing,satellite positioning,geographical information system and wireless sensors networks,they will be able to access the distribution and population of the wild camels and protect their habitats.The project will be carried out by the International Research Center for Wild Camel Conservation,which was jointly established earlier this year by the Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth(RADI)of the Chinese     

More than Skin Deep – Understand Skin Biology by Means of Dermatogenomics

<正>The Paul Gerson Unna Research Group on Dermatogenomics was founded in October 2012 at the Partner Institute for Computational Biology.The ultimate goal of the group is to understand the biology of skin and skin appendages.