基于数据包络分析的创新型企业技术创新效率测度研究

运用数据包络分析(DEA)方法对我国国家层面正式命名的创新型企业的技术创新效率进行测量,并深入分析其技术创新投入冗余和产出不足情况。研究结果表明:我国创新型企业的技术创新效率整体偏低,但规模效率较高,纯技术效率是导致综合效率偏低的主要原因;多数企业都是规模报酬递减,过多的创新投入不会增加产出,反而会造成资源浪费;企业投入产出结构不合理的问题较严重,主要原因是产出不足,尤其是无形资产及主营业务收入产出方面;计算机、通信和其他电子设备制造业和专用设备制造业的创新型企业数量较多,创新效率问题也较为严重。     

基于DEA方法的广东省部产学研合作研发创新效率研究

建立产学研合作研发项目创新效率的评价体系,运用DEA方法,从效率、有效性、规模收益及投影分析4个角度,评价和分析广东省部产学研合作研发项目创新效率。结果表明,广东省部产学研合作研发项目创新综合效率相对偏低,纯技术效率偏低是导致创新综合效率偏低的主要原因。多数项目是非DEA有效的,处于规模收益递减的状态,产出指标还存在较大的产出不足。     

基于DEA方法的吉林省高技术企业创新效率研究

首先基于创新效率评价的现有研究成果,构建高技术企业创新效率评价指标体系与模型。然后结合实地调研获取的数据,运用DEA方法,从效率、有效性、规模收益及投影分析四个方面,对吉林省151家高技术企业创新活动进行了评价与分析。结果表明,吉林省高技术企业创新综合效率偏低,不同类型企业创新效率差异较大,规模效率是导致创新综合效率偏低的主要因素;多数企业呈规模报酬递增态势,科技活动人员和科技活动经费投入过少是企业规模效率偏低的主要原因。最后提出企业创新效率改进目标、方案和相应政策建议。     

行业异质性视角下高技术产业创新价值链效率测度——基于SFA修正的三阶段DEA模型的实证分析

将创新价值链分解为知识创造、技术吸收和成果转化三阶段,结合行业异质性和价值链环节的差异,运用SFA修正的三阶段DEA模型测度高技术产业17个子行业的三个创新价值链环节的创新效率。高技术产业技术吸收阶段创新效率偏低而同时处于价值链首尾两端的知识创造阶段和成果转化阶段受更易受环境影响出现了虚高的情况,在创新活动中技术因素发挥主导作用,规模还可以进一步扩大。技术吸收阶段总体效率、纯技术效率、规模效率均高于知识创造阶段与成果转化阶段。高技术产业创新投入要素存在行业间不均衡性,创新活动过程中也存在结构不均衡。     

基于行业异质性解构我国高技术产业创新价值链

运用SFA修正DEA模型测度高技术产业17个子行业的创新效率.研究发现:高技术产业技术吸收阶段创新效率偏低,而易受环境影响的知识创造阶段和成果转化阶段出现了虚高情况;高技术产业创新活动中技术因素发挥主导作用,规模还可以进一步扩大;技术吸收阶段总体效率、纯技术效率、规模效率均高于知识创造阶段与成果转化阶段;外部环境对高技术产业各行业、各创新价值链阶段的影响皆存在很大差异,既会导致某些创新投入资源冗余,也会从价值链内部增进创新效率.     

基于创新价值链的我国环保产业技术创新效率评价

为评价我国环保产业技术创新水平,基于技术创新价值链原理构建数据包络分析模型,根据第四次全国环境保护及相关产业基本情况调查数据,分析我国环保产业技术创新过程中的技术开发效率和技术转化效率。研究表明：①我国环保产业技术开发效率和技术转化效率平均值分别为0.65和0.23,技术创新效率总体偏低,尤其是技术转化效率很低；②东中部大部分地区纯技术效率低于规模效率且规模报酬递减,造成创新效率低下的原因并非是创新投入不足；③部分西部地区技术创新规模效率低下且规模报酬递增,创新资源投入不足制约了创新效率的提升。据此提出提高环保产业技术创新效率的对策建议：加快环保产业技术产业化和商业化,提升环保产业技术创新的产出层次和水平,拓展环保产业技术创新的投入模式。     

剥离环境因素的高技术产业技术创新效率评价——以我国西部地区为例

传统数据包络分析(DEA)和随机前沿分析(SFA)由于无法消除环境因素和随机误差的影响从而导致测评结果不真实。采用二者相结合的三阶段DEA模型,对我国西部地区高技术产业创新效率及其影响因素进行测度研究。研究结果表明:我国西部地区高技术产业技术创新效率总体处于较低水平且创新投入规模不足是制约创新效率提升的主要瓶颈;政府支持和地区经济发展水平不利于创新资源冗余减少,而市场开放度可显著促进创新效率提升,同时企业规模的扩大有利于减少人力投入冗余,对财力、物力投入冗余的减少有负向促进作用。进一步按纯技术效率和规模效率将我国西部地区高技术产业技术创新效率划分为4种不同类型。最后,就分析结果提出相应的对策建议。     

基于两阶段DEA模型的混合所有制企业创新效率测度研究

基于混合所有制改革的视角,运用2012-2015年制造业上市公司的面板数据,在考虑创新时滞的情况下根据创新生成和创新转化的两阶段特点构建关联型两阶段DEA模型,测算了两阶段中国制造业混合所有制企业的创新效率。结果显示：（1）制造业混合所有制企业两阶段创新效率整体较高,创新成果生成阶段及技术转化阶段综合效率在0.6以上的企业占比分别为95.92%和100%;（2）在未达到DEA有效的企业中,其无效主要是由于纯技术创新效率不高造成的,而规模效率水平相对较高,可以支持企业创新效率的发展;（3）制造业混合所有制企业技术创新具有明显的阶段性,创新转化阶段效率整体较好,而创新生成阶段效率偏低,这严重制约技术创新的发展;（4）两阶段都存在投入产出结构不合理的问题,其中创新生成阶段主要瓶颈在于产出不足;创新转化阶段主要瓶颈在于无形资产和人力资本投入冗余,而资本投入则相对较合理。最后,提出相关政策建议。     

企业创新效率的可比测度

以354家创业板上市公司为样本,通过极化模拟和DEA二次叠加,揭示创业板上市公司的创新效率分布,实现了异质行业下企业创新技术效率的可比评价。研究发现,通过极化模拟和二次叠加改进的DEA方法,对于异质行业下企业可比创新效率的测度是有效的。其次,3/4的创业板上市公司可比创新效率低于0.4,存在较大改进空间;平均可比综合创新技术效率最高的是广播、电视、电影和影视录音制作业,再次是软件和信息技术服务业,最低的是计算机、通信和其他电子设备制造业;最后,企业创新投入结构上存在较大的不平衡性,研发经费投入的有效性没有得到应有的释放;通过改善管理、激励、技术来提升创新效率比单纯改变规模更有效。     

基于DEA模型的中国物联网上市公司创新效率评价

基于创新效率评价的现有研究成果,构建物联网上市公司的创新效率评价指标体系与模型。运用数据包络分析法,从创新效率、规模收益、DEA有效性以及投影分析4个方面,对中国20家具有代表性的上市公司的创新活动进行了分析与评价。结果表明,物联网上市公司综合创新效率偏低;不同公司创新效率差异较大且创新效率稳定性不强;科技活动人员和科技活动经费比例不当导致多数公司创新效率偏低。提出中国物联网上市公司创新效率改进方案和相关政策建议。     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

Low doses of a red wine ingredient figh diabetes in mice

Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Molecular motor assembly of a biomimetic system

Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence