科技型人才聚集下的创新协同及其影响因素研究

基于协同学理论研究了科技型人才聚集下创新协同的内涵和发生机制,利用序参量原理确定了创新协同的主要影响因素。以C-D生产函数理论模型为基础,构造创新协同产出函数进行实证分析。研究表明：人才聚集规模、人才聚集的知识创造与获取、科研经费投入和经济发展水平因素对创新协同产出有着不同程度的正向促进作用,而科研环境因素对创新协同产出的影响不显著。研究结论为区域开展创新活动提供了理论依据。     

科技型人才聚集下的创新协同及其影响因素研究——基于2000-2012年我国省际高技术产业的面板数据

基于协同学理论研究科技型人才聚集下创新协同的内涵和发生机制,利用序参量原理确定创新协同的主要影响因素。以C-D生产函数理论模型为基础,构造创新协同产出函数进行实证分析。研究表明,人才聚集规模、人才聚集的知识创造与获取、科研经费投入和经济发展水平因素对创新协同产出有着不同程度的正向促进作用,而科研环境因素对创新协同产出的影响不显著。     

创新质量对高技术产业绿色创新效率影响的异质性——基于产业集聚的门槛效应

针对推动经济高质量增长与实现生态可持续发展重要战略结合点的绿色创新效率问题,运用SBM模型,构建以高技术产业集聚为门槛变量的面板门槛模型,测算2008-2018年我国28个省份高技术产业绿色创新效率,实证分析创新质量对高技术产业绿色创新效率的影响机理.结果 表明:在研究期内,28个省份高技术产业绿色创新效率稳步提升但尚有较大提升空间,并存在明显的空间差异特征,其中绿色创新效率东部地区＞中部地区＞西部地区;创新质量对东、中部高技术产业绿色创新效率存在基于产业集聚水平的双重门槛效应,门槛值分别为0.636、0.944,而西部当高技术产业集聚水平跨越0.363门槛值时,创新质量对绿色创新效率才会有显著促进作用;企业规模、劳动者素质、政府行为对高技术产业绿色创新效率具有显著正向影响,对外开放显著抑制绿色创新效率提升.最后基于研究结论,提出综合考虑区域发展差异、充分发挥协同优化作用、积极实施人才引进战略等促进我国高技术产业绿色创新效率提升的对策建议.     

技术距离的门槛效应：自主研发与协同创新

在创新驱动发展战略的实施中,技术距离是影响创新模式合理选择的前提。本文选取非线性的面板门槛回归模型,采用DEA方法计算Malmquist指数代表高技术产业技术距离并将其非线性门槛性质引入该模型,研究自主研发和协同创新对创新绩效提升的内在关联和影响机理。实证结果表明,自主研发对创新绩效的影响存在以技术距离为门槛的三重门槛效应,影响趋势随着技术距离的降低（门槛值的升高）出现先升高后降低的正向效果;协同创新对创新绩效的影响存在以技术距离为门槛的双重门槛效应,且影响趋势随着技术距离的降低呈现出由负向到正向的转变。在技术距离较大时,应以自主研发作为创新绩效的提高的主要方式,随着技术距离的缩小转变为以自主研发为主、协同创新为辅的创新模式来提高高技术产业创新绩效。     

区域异质性视角下高技术产业人才聚集与技术创新的实证研究

为研究高技术产业人才聚集对技术创新的影响及其区域差异性程度,从区域异质性视角,理论分析高技术产业人才聚集对技术创新的作用机理并提出相应假设,利用2009—2016年我国25个省级区域面板数据,通过构建固定效应(FE)、随机效应(RE)模型并对比可行广义最小二乘法(FGLS)进行实证检验。研究结果表明:从成果产出和产品产出角度,高技术产业人才聚集均能显著促进技术创新能力的提升,但存在明显的区域差异,表现为东部地区人才聚集对技术创新成果产出的促进作用明显高于中、西部地区,而对产品产出的促进作用略低,表现为"中部最高,西部次之,东部最低"。此外,研发人员投入、研发经费投入和资产规模对技术创新也存在不同程度的正向影响,但区域差异性也十分明显。最后,依据研究结论提出相关政策建议。     

高技术产业自主创新模式驱动专利产出机理研究——知识产权保护视角

基于中国2003—2013年高技术产业省际面板数据,以动态性和内生性结合改进非线性动态门槛模型,并考虑地区异质性,将知识产权保护纳入高技术产业自主创新驱动机理框架,从方法和内容上探讨知识产权保护对自主创新模式驱动专利产出的非线性动态门槛特征。研究表明:中国高技术产业自主创新模式驱动专利产出的作用机理存在着显著的知识产权保护动态门槛效应;总体上,知识产权保护力度较小时,自主创新模式显著正向驱动专利产出,反之,自主创新模式则一定程度负向影响专利产出的提升;随着知识产权保护力度加强,3种自主创新模式驱动机制亦存在差异,高技术产业实施原始创新模式可以将其不利影响减至最低;地区知识产权保护异质性特征显著,少数经济发达东部地区应倾向集成创新模式,或平衡知识产权力度,以促进本地区高技术产业专利创新。     

开发区人才聚集与区域经济发展协同机制研究

人才聚集是区域经济发展的核心问题,开发区作为所在地区乃至国家的重要经济增长极,对其人才聚集与区域经济发展协同机制的研究亟待开展.本文针对开发区所特有的区域经济与人才聚集优势,对二者的协同关系加以验证;纵览开发区的成长历程,分析开发区人才聚集与区域经济发展的协同效应;构建协同度评价模型,以大连经济技术开发区为例,揭示开发区人才聚集与区域经济发展协同演进的一般规律,进而给出协同发展的实现途径,旨在为我国各开发区人才聚集战略的实施提供有益指导.     

科技资助影响企业创新的资源门槛

科技资助已成为政府促进企业创新的重要政策手段。研究基于2011—2015年中关村高新技术示范区408家高技术企业的平衡面板数据,建立面板门槛回归模型,探索政府科技资助对企业创新产出的影响机制。结果表明:政府科技资助对企业创新产出的促进作用依托于企业资源门槛。具体而言,只有企业资源累积跨过门槛后,政府科技资助才能对创新产出起到显著促进作用;此外,政府科技资助与企业内部研发对企业创新产出的共同促进作用也需要以企业跨过自身资源门槛为前提。研究不仅深化了政府科技资助、企业资源与创新的机制研究,而且为政府选择资助企业提供了实践启示。     

外部技术来源视角下我国高技术产业创新绩效研究

基于1999-2008年我国高技术产业行业面板数据,运用随机前沿分析法,就国内技术购买、国外技术引进和三资企业科技活动溢出等外部技术来源形式对我国高技术产业创新绩效影响进行研究,结果表明:样本期间,以专利为产出的我国高技术产业创新绩效稳步增长,而以新产品销售收入为产出的创新绩效增长缓慢;国内技术购买和三资企业科技活动是促进我国高技术产业专利产出的重要外部技术力量,而国外技术引进能显著提高以新产品销售收入为产出的创新效率.在分析基础上提出了相应对策建议.     

基于DEA的上海高技术产业结构优化研究

高技术产业发展已成为推进经济发展方式转变和产业结构调整的重要力量。为探寻资源最优配置状态,促进产业结构优化升级,基于投入-产出效率视角,运用EDA模型对上海高技术产业结构进行评价。结果表明:上海高技术产业总体产出效率良好,发展趋势为规模递增,但利润产出不足相当严重,且RD内部经费投入、技术经费投入、人力资本投入均表现为产出不足;五大高技术行业发展呈现不同态势:电子制造产出效率不良,通信制造增长已现疲态,医药和医疗仪器制造资源配置走向优化但发展显得缓慢,航天航空制造产出效率低但规模递增趋势明显。高技术产业结构优化应以科技创新为导向,以提升产出效率为目标,合理加大投入力度。     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence     

Chinese Scientists Use Earth Observation Technologies to Study and Protect Wild Camels

<正>Chinese scientists plan to apply Earth Observation technologies to protect the critically endangered wild camels(Camelus ferus).With the help of remote sensing,satellite positioning,geographical information system and wireless sensors networks,they will be able to access the distribution and population of the wild camels and protect their habitats.The project will be carried out by the International Research Center for Wild Camel Conservation,which was jointly established earlier this year by the Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth(RADI)of the Chinese     

More than Skin Deep – Understand Skin Biology by Means of Dermatogenomics

<正>The Paul Gerson Unna Research Group on Dermatogenomics was founded in October 2012 at the Partner Institute for Computational Biology.The ultimate goal of the group is to understand the biology of skin and skin appendages.