企业参与标准竞争相关驱动因素的研究综述——基于新制度理论的视角

参与标准竞争日益成为诸多企业的首选战略,但是对企业参与标准竞争驱动要素的相关研究还不够深入,现有研究主要强调基于效率的驱动因素,缺乏对非效率驱动因素的系统分析。结合近30年国内外关于标准竞争的相关研究成果,对标准竞争的形成及驱动机制的相关文献进行梳理归纳;以新制度理论为基础,从强制性、规范性和模仿性等方面分析企业参与标准竞争的驱动因素,提出未来的研究方向,并为未来研究和企业实践提供参考。     

标准制定组织的国外研究述评——现状、趋势和对我国的启示

对研究标准制定组织(简称SSOs)的国外文献进行梳理和分析发现,1980年代之后,国外研究重点探讨了行动者参与标准制定组织的动机,标准制定组织的属性、运作机理、效率等方面;未来的研究领域将探讨标准制定组织中集体行动随着技术路径的演化过程,技术追赶情境下制度环境对标准制定组织的影响,以及标准开发过程中效率、专业性和行动者利益之间的动态机制。相比之下,国内研究探讨如何通过组建标准联盟实现赶超,但对现象关注较多,对现象背后的规律探索较少。     

企业国际研发联盟是否有助于突破性创新?

为揭示国际研发联盟对中国企业突破性创新的作用机理,本文梳理现有相关文献并提出联盟方式、知识池及联盟网络与企业突破性创新的研究假设,以74家中国企业在2000-2010年参与的224个国际研发联盟为样本,采用基于面板数据的负二项回归模型进行实证分析。研究结果表明,研发合作可以显著促进企业突破性创新,而合资则相反;知识池正向影响联盟企业突破性创新绩效,并进一步增强研发合作对企业创新的影响;紧密的联盟网络关系是促进突破性创新的重要手段。本研究为联盟企业推进突破性创新提供一个新的指导依据。     

用户参与企业营销互动的影响机制研究——以微博抽奖为例

[目的/意义]“有奖互动”作为一种营销策略,利用奖品作为激励吸引大量用户参与转发、评论等互动方式,能够有效提升企业营销效果。通过影响机制研究,为企业制定基于微博抽奖的社交媒体营销计划提供实践指导。[方法/过程]以微博抽奖类企业微博营销帖子为研究对象,构建基于感知价值理论的模型并提出假设,探究用户参与企业营销的影响机制。[结果/结论]经研究发现,用户参与企业营销互动除了受到奖品因素的激励外,还会受名人信息、粉丝数和营销内容数的正向影响;关注行为对评论数具有显著负向影响,内容字符数对转发和评论两种用户互动行为均具有负向显著影响。本研究对现有文献做出了补充,同时为企业如何制定互动营销计划以提高营销目标提供一定指导。     

印象管理理论及其在信息系统研究中的应用与展望

通过对国际印象管理理论文献的回顾,本文首先梳理了印象管理理论的源起及其演进。在此基础上,检索和梳理了印象管理理论在信息系统领域的应用研究,发现现有研究主要集中在"印象管理的策略研究"、"印象管理的影响因素研究"、"印象管理对员工关系和工作绩效的影响研究"、"印象管理对用户在线参与意愿的影响研究"4个方面;为了弥补现有研究中存在的缺憾,"跨平台的个人印象管理策略比较研究"、"政治人物或明星的印象管理策略研究"、"关键危机事件后企业网络印象管理策略的效用研究"、"基于不同业务类型平台的印象管理影响因素的比较研究"、"求职社交媒体中员工的各种评论对企业公众形象的影响研究"等都是未来值得关注的研究领域。     

一个成功进行知识传导的整合分析框架

基于文献对知识传导成功影响因素研究内容和观点的梳理，本文提出一个综合的分析框架，分别从知识的属性、知识传导双方的关系、知识接收方的知识学习能力、知识传送方的知识管理能力、知识的传导渠道以及所处的外部环境等6个方面研究了知识传导成功影响因素；并以中外合资汽车生产企业为例研究了影响合资企业内知识传导成功因素及其影响。     

IT标准和标准战

标准对于信息产业的发展至关重要。为了更好地制定信息产业的技术标准，我们有必要了解信息产业技术标准竞争的一般规律。本文力图通过对与信息产业标准和标准战相关的三个问题的回答，为国内企业参与标准战的竞争提供理论上的支持，同时为以后的关于信息产业技术标准的研究建立必要的理论基础。本文要回答的三个问题是：技术标准的分类，标准战的分类，企业为什么要参与标准战。     

数字技术、员工参与与企业创新绩效

基于诱因—贡献理论和资源基础观,本文以2008—2018年上市制造业企业为研究对象,探究数字技术、员工参与、网络中心度与企业创新绩效的关系。结果表明：数字技术对企业创新绩效有显著的正向影响,员工参与在其中起中介作用;当企业网络中心度高时,数字技术对员工参与的正向关系将增强,且数字技术通过员工参与影响企业创新绩效的间接作用也将增强。研究结论拓展了数字技术与企业创新绩效的相关文献,同时为企业创新提供了实践指导。     

基于科学的创新：研究回顾与展望

基于科学的创新是指强烈依赖于科学进展、由前沿科学知识推动的产业技术创新,包含了新想法的产生、研究、开发、试制、生产制造和首次商业化的全过程。时至今日,基于科学的创新受到了西方学者的重点关注,他们围绕西方情境进行了大量的理论探讨与实证检验。但由于研究比较分散,研究视角、层次、问题的差异,特别是缺乏系统的文献梳理,导致这一创新范式在国内还没有得到足够的关注和讨论。因此,本文采用系统性文献综述法,对国内外相关文献进行检索,共识别出英文文献258篇、中文文献52篇。基于这些文献,本文全面梳理了国内外基于科学的创新的研究脉络,包括相关概念、特征、过程与模式以及创新范式的演进。同时,本文从创新维和企业维梳理了基于科学的创新知识框架。最后,本文提出了未来潜在的研究方向,以期为后续研究提供参考。     

如何赢得战略性新兴产业主导设计？——基于组态匹配视角

企业标准化战略如何与企业外部技术标准联盟网络和内部技术能力相匹配,关系到企业能否推动主导设计形成。本文基于组态视角,利用2017—2019年101家参与中国电动汽车标准制定企业的标准与专利数据,运用模糊集定性比较分析（fsQCA）方法,探究标准化战略与技术标准联盟网络、技术能力的匹配效应对赢得战略性新兴产业主导设计的复杂影响机制。研究结果揭示了3类赢得主导设计的驱动模式,分别为多点联结主导型、强强联合助推型、网络寡头驱动型。研究发现对于认识和阐释主导设计驱动路径的因果复杂性具有重要的理论与实践指导意义,也为企业如何采取合理有效的标准化战略赢得主导设计提供了新的见解。     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

Low doses of a red wine ingredient figh diabetes in mice

Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Molecular motor assembly of a biomimetic system

Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence