基于知识图谱的众筹研究现状及发展趋势分析

作为互联网时代下金融创新的重要产物,众筹逐渐受到学术界的关注。论文基于知识图谱理论,利用histcite、citespace软件,绘制众筹已有研究文献间的引文关系图、关键词共现知识图谱及关键词战略图,对众筹领域已有文献间引文关系、研究热点和研究趋势进行分析。研究发现:(1)学术界对于众筹的研究仍处于初级阶段,集中于众筹运作形式、参与人特征等问题的定性分析;(2)众筹中参与人的动机、潜在风险的识别、众筹平台的运行模式是目前研究热点;(3)众筹模式的适用性、众筹模式下的信任机制、利益分配机制等问题是众筹研究的发展趋势。     

基于CiteSpace的国内外众包创新研究热点与前沿

运用CiteSpace7.2知识图谱软件对中国知网(CNKI)和Web of Science核心合集数据库建库至2019年12月31日收录的众包创新文献进行可视化分析.研究发现:国内外年度发文量整体呈上升趋势,国外研究热点包括众包激励机制、创意众包竞赛和众包公众应用等,国内研究热点主要为众包动机和众包应用研究;国外研究前沿是众包竞赛、动机和产品创意等,国内研究前沿主要集中于众包应用领域,包括众包物流和任务分配等问题.     

科研众包项目运行模式与平台类型划分研究

[目的/意义]为了有效地推动知识交流与科技创新,探讨新兴的科研众包项目运行模式的构建、科研众包平台类型的划分与特点的解析。[方法/过程]文章从科研众包项目的需求及其支撑要素的视角,一方面,归纳科研众包项目参与主体,设计科研众包流程并解析知识流向,构建知识转移为核心的项目运作模式;另一方面,归纳平台的主要特征作为分类要素,单维度划分类型并进行属性间关联分析,同时,通过K-modes算法进行综合聚类,多维度划分平台类别。[结果/结论]研究结果表明科研众包运行模式中发包方和接包方之间存在知识双向多次转移的现象,依据系统结构和功能角度进行平台类型划分中主要以服务层面平台特征最为明显,自主专建型与非专项型关联紧密,嵌入式拓展型与专项领域型关联紧密;综合聚类划分平台为11个类别时效果最佳。     

众包定义、模式研究发展及展望

众包商业模式扩大了企业的创新源、激发了大众创造热情,在实践中不断发展。众包概念和模式的研究是众包其它方面研究的出发点和基石。对众包概念和模式研究的梳理不仅有利于把握众包商业实践发展态势,还能为众包其它方面的研究提供理论支持。众包概念和众包模式主要涉及信息技术、商业、知识领域。众包模式研究建立在众包概念研究的基础上,遵循源于实践和研究需要的原则。众包信息模式、众包商业模式、众包知识模式研究交叉渗透发展。未来众包模式研究有着多元化发展的趋势。     

国际用户创新领域研究现状与热点的可视化分析

用户创新指利用用户知识而非企业自身知识进行的创新活动。厘清现有用户创新研究的重点文献与研究热点能够为企业经营以及学术研究提供重要思路,从而推动“大众创业万众创新”政策的落地。基于2006-2017年间Web of Science核心合集数据库中用户创新领域的6186篇文献,运用CitespaceV软件对该领域进行了时空、国家、引文关键词的可视化研究。研究表明：美国在该领域的研究处于中心地位;目前的研究主要来自信息科学以及商业领域;且相关研究集中在用户价值共创研究、众包项目协调管理研究、用户社群等几个方面;其中研究热点为社群知识管理、创新项目管理与维护等。     

基于BP神经网络的众包创新关键用户知识源识别研究

众包创新模式打破了传统的企业边界,拓展了企业的创新源泉,激发了大众的创造热情。由于参与用户的不确定性,如何从海量的外部知识源中识别出能匹配企业创新任务的关键用户知识源,成为提升众包创新绩效的关键。在对众包创新过程的知识流分析基础上,从双边视角出发,构建了众包创新模式的关键用户知识源识别体系。提出基于BP神经网络的关键用知识源识别方法,并在猪八戒网众包平台上采集数据,开展实证研究。     

众包创新模式下的创意示范效应研究

为了发挥众包创新模式的协同效应,创客们常常被允许、鼓励关注和借鉴彼此创意或想法,但现有文献对于众包创意的示范作用,尤其他人创意示例是否以及如何影响众包创意构思乃至生成并没有给出较为一致的回答。本研究通过公共交通服务公益广告设计创意众包任务,以众包平台创客成员为被试,采用示例创意征集和众包创意生成两阶段准实验方法,聚焦创意质量、数量、语义范畴,系统探究他人创意示例对众包创意生成的影响,以窥探众包模式下的创新协作过程"黑箱"。结果发现:(1)与没有创意示例相比,独创性创意示例可以显著提升生成创意的独创性,但会降低创意生成的流畅性,即导致生成创意数量的减少;(2)比较而言,普通创意示例对生成创意的质量和数量均没有显著影响;(3)通过潜在语义分析发现,与创新组相比,普通组的生成创意与示例创意之间的语义一致性程度更高;进一步生成创意对示例创意的语义遵从效应具有即时性,会随着时间推移逐渐消失。以上结论对众包创新模式、创新协作机制研究以及众包过程设计均具有启发和指导意义。     

基于科研众包平台科技创新的调查与启示——以广东省科研众包培育平台为例

以广东省科研众包培育平台为对象,从平台运营方式、主要功能板块、盈利模式等方面对科研众包进行了深入调研,对科研众包的主要创新作用进行归纳与总结,并结合调研情况提出进一步推动科研众包平台发展的对策与建议。     

开放式创新研究的演化路径和热点领域分析——基于科学知识图谱视角

以Web of Science数据库中收录的开放式创新文献为研究对象,借助Citespace II软件进行知识图谱分析,分别制作了时空分布、文献共引和关键词共现知识图谱,进而探究了开放式创新研究的分布状况、变化趋势和热点领域。研究表明:(1)英美两国学者引领了开放式创新研究,我国学者在该领域的研究处于稳步提升阶段,但能够密切跟踪国际前沿;(2)开放式创新研究的发展趋势是研究对象日趋多样化、实证研究取代案例研究成为主要研究方法以及基于网络社区的创新交互逐步取代企业实体之间的技术交易和合作研发成为研究主流;(3)开放式创新研究的四个热点领域是开放式创新模式与企业绩效的关系、基于创新网络的研发合作和技术交易、开放式创新知识治理和用户参与的开放式创新实践应用。     

双边视角下众包创新知识获取机制:一个概念模型

从当前管理实践出发,通过梳理现有文献,提出众包创新的本质为外部用户知识的有效获取和创新运用。构建双边视角下众包创新知识获取机制概念模型,分析双边视角下知识获取的关键影响因素,以及其对知识获取与众包创新绩效的影响机制。并探讨未来的研究方向,为提升众包创新绩效提供新的研究思路。     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

Low doses of a red wine ingredient figh diabetes in mice

Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Molecular motor assembly of a biomimetic system

Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence