异质行业下企业创新效率的可比测度——基于极化模拟的DEA二次叠加

以354家创业板上市公司为样本,通过极化模拟和DEA二次叠加,揭示创业板上市公司的创新效率分布,实现了异质行业下企业创新技术效率的可比评价。研究发现:绝大多数创业板上市公司可比创新效率较低,存在较大改进空间,其中平均可比综合创新技术效率最高的是广播、电视、电影和影视录音制造业,最低的是计算机、通信和其他电子设备制造业;企业创新投入结构上存在较大的不平衡性,研发经费投入的有效性没有得到应有的释放,通过改善管理、激励、技术提升创新效率比单纯改变规模更有效。     

基于DEA方法的环保行业上市企业创新效率评价

通过收集环保行业61家上市公司2017年公布的财务数据,构建环保行业上市公司创新效率评价指标体系,运用数据包络分析方法(DEA),从综合效率及纯技术效率、规模报酬、投影分析三个方面分析企业的创新活动。结果表明,环保行业整体创新效率较低,纯技术效率偏低是为主要因素,近三分之二的上市公司存在投入冗余和产出不足的双重困扰;超五成企业呈现规模递增态势,创新投入不足是导致企业规模效率偏低的主要原因;技术人员与研发费用配置不合理是企业达不到DEA有效水平的重大障碍。最后,根据环保行业创新活动现状提出相关建议。     

基于DEA方法的基础建设上市公司研发效率评价

通过收集我国基础建设行业2016年～2018年15家上市公司的财务数据,构建基础建设行业上市公司创新效率评价指标体系,运用数据包络分析(DEA),对企业的创新效率进行评价。研究得出:该行业创新效率整体较低,并且创新效率差距较大;逐年来,企业规模收益呈递增趋势,表明基础建设行业仍然有很大的提升空间。最后,根据现状提出了相关建议。     

中国工业企业自主创新效率评价:基于DEA方法的研究

受到DEA方法将投入-产出效率分解为技术进步和技术效率两个组成部分的启发,利用DEA方法计算出自主创新活动中的技术进步(Techch)测度原始创新效率,利用自主创新活动中的技术效率(Effch)测度二次创新效率。实证研究结果表明,中国工业大中型企业自主创新效率的提升主要是由二次创新效率的提高所带动的,原始创新效率较为低下。     

基于导向DEA模型多阶段求解方法对我国钢铁主营上市公司效率测定的实证分析

阐述了投入导向DEA模型的多阶段求解方法,在CRS和VRS假定下建立投入导向DEA模型,根据我国29个钢铁主营上市公司2005年的横截面数据,采用求解DEA模型的多阶段方法,分析、测定了技术效率、规模效率、参照企业、目标投入产出等数据,为这些企业改进生产、提高效率,提供了参照企业和改进目标。     

基于DEA模型的中国物联网上市公司创新效率评价

基于创新效率评价的现有研究成果,构建物联网上市公司的创新效率评价指标体系与模型。运用数据包络分析法,从创新效率、规模收益、DEA有效性以及投影分析4个方面,对中国20家具有代表性的上市公司的创新活动进行了分析与评价。结果表明,物联网上市公司综合创新效率偏低;不同公司创新效率差异较大且创新效率稳定性不强;科技活动人员和科技活动经费比例不当导致多数公司创新效率偏低。提出中国物联网上市公司创新效率改进方案和相关政策建议。     

财政补贴政策与企业研发创新 ——基于创业板上市公司的实证研究

通过建立面板数据模型与采用2012—2017年中国创业板上市公司微观数据,研究财政补贴政策对企业研发创新的影响以及区分不同行业和地区来分析影响的异质性。其中企业研发创新活动根据发展阶段分为研发投入与创新产出,实证结果表明:财政补贴与企业研发投入具有显著的正相关关系,表明财政补贴对企业创新投入具有促进作用;财政补贴对企业创新产出的影响不显著。按照行业划分,财政补贴对高新技术企业研发投入和创新产出显著正相关,对非高新技术企业研发投入的关系不显著,创新产出的关系显著。按照地区划分,对于东部地区,财政补贴与企业研发投入和创新产出显著正相关;对于非东部地区,财政补贴对企业研发投入具有促进作用,与创新产出关系不密切。本文的研究结论有助于优化财政补贴的配置,提高财政补贴的使用效率。     

我国不同所有制企业技术创新能力的行业比较

利用微观企业数据,通过技术创新的投入指标、产出指标、效率指标和基于DEA的Maluquist生产率分解指标,对我国不同所有制企业的技术创新能力进行分行业测度。研究发现:(1)私营企业在大多数行业中的技术创新投入和产出处于优势;国有企业在垄断竞争行业的研发投入和产出相对较多,但在竞争性行业却很少;外资企业和港澳台企业的技术创新投入和产出刚好与国有企业相反。(2)港澳台企业、集体企业、外资企业和私营企业在竞争性行业的创新效率远高于国有企业,不同所有制企业在垄断竞争行业中的创新效率差异不明显。(3)竞争性行业中公有制企业"技术追赶"效应略好于非公有制企业,"技术创新"效应略逊于非公有制企业;在垄断竞争行业在公有制企业和非公有制企业的"技术追赶"效应和"技术创新"效应的差异不明显。     

风险投资对创业板上市公司技术创新影响的实证研究

利用CDM模型,将风险企业的技术创新过程分为研发投入、技术产出和绩效提升三个过程,分别考察风险投资在技术创新三个阶段对上市公司的影响,以深入研究风险投资提升创业板上市公司技术创新绩效的机理。对2012-2014年创业板上市公司创新活动的实证分析表明,风险投资参与能够显著提升创业板上市公司创新绩效,其作用主要是通过促进风险企业提高研发强度和提高商业运营能力实现的。实证分析结果还显示,风险投资对创业板上市公司非发明专利数量的提升作用显著,而对发明专利数量的增加无显著影响,这表明风险投资对风险企业技术创新的影响具有一定的局限性。     

基于三阶段DEA的房地产公司债务融资效率研究

本文分别从一、二、三线城市随机抽取了沪深交易所39家房地产上市公司作为样本,采用三阶段数据包络分析(Data Envelopment Analysis, DEA)模型分离出影响投入变量的环境因素,并对房地产调控政策下各公司债务融资效率评价进行研究。研究结果表明:上市公司的债务融资技术效率较投入变量调整前有所上升;各房地产上市公司债务融资纯技术效率水平参差不齐而表现出明显的差异性;76.92%的企业处于规模报酬递减状态,可以通过缩小债务融资规模来改善这种状态,进而在一定程度上提高其债务融资效率。     

To serve and promote science development via innovation

CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing.     

Tracing the origin and early radiation of birds——Paleornithologist ZHOU Zhonghe

With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants."     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Stern-Gerlach effect goes chiral

Prof. SUN Changpu from the CAS Institute of Theoretical Physics and coworkers from University of Basel in Switzerland have worked out a way --at least in theory --to split a beam of molecules according to their chirality. The technique involves passing the molecules through three different laser beams and is similar to the famous Stern-Gerlach effect, whereby a beam of atoms passing through a magnetic field is split in two according to the atoms＇ spin states （Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 130403）.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.