产学研合作中组织间学习效果的影响因素及对策分析

产学研合作是企业学习获取外部知识以及大学、科研机构实现知识资源价值的重要途径.本文分析了产学研合作与组织间学习的关系以及产学研合作中的组织间学习过程,着重研究了影响学习效果的主要因素,并对提高组织间学习效果提出了相关建议.     

产学研合作国际研究:研究现状与知识基础

从文献计量的分析视角,以Web of Science数据库收录的产学研合作国际研究领域的文献为研究对象,对该领域的文献发表数量、主要国家、学科分布、主要期刊、高产学者、主要的研究机构、高被引文献及高频关键词等八个方面展开分析。研究发现:Research Policy是产学研合作研究领域国际最重要的学术期刊;当前研究热点主要包括三重螺旋创新模型、技术(知识)转移、影响产学研合作的因素及产学研合作所带来的影响等研究;发达国家在产学研合作研究领域具有主导性地位;我国在该领域总引文数量、平均引文数量及H-index等指标值与其他优秀国家相比仍然存在较大的差距,这与产学研合作在我国创新体系建设中的重要地位与创新驱动发展中的重要性不相符。     

产学研合作中网络惯例对创新绩效的影响

网络惯例是影响产学研合作创新绩效的关键因素。在对相关文献进行梳理的基础上,以组织间学习为中介变量,构建网络惯例、组织间学习影响合作创新绩效的理论模型,并利用收集的数据进行了规范的实证研究。研究结果表明:在产学研合作中网络惯例对合作创新绩效的影响呈现倒U型,即网络惯例存在"门槛效应";同时组织间学习在网络惯例和合作创新绩效之间起到显著的中介作用。     

产学研合作研究综述:理论视角、合作模式与合作机制

产学研合作是国家创新系统的重要构成部分,然而目前产学研合作研究在合作模式的分类及其影响因素、合作机制的协同作用等方面都存在许多未打开的"黑箱"。从理论视角、合作模式与合作机制三个方面对产学研合作的相关文献进行梳理,在此基础上归纳该领域现有研究的不足,并对未来的研究方向进行展望。     

社会资本对产学研合作知识转移绩效影响的实证研究

产学研合作是跨组织边界的创新活动,知识转移是产学研合作的重要环节.本文在已有研究的基础上,结合我国产学研合作实际,研究了产学研合作组织中社会资本的构成及其内涵,分析了社会资本各维度对知识转移绩效的影响;针对产学研合作跨组织边界的特点,引入界面管理作为中介变量,构建了产学研合作中社会资本、界面协调与知识转移绩效的结构方程概念模型并进行了实证.研究结果表明,社会资本的三个维度均对产学研合作知识转移绩效具有明显正向影响,界面协调具有显著的中介作用.     

基于知识图谱的国内外可视化管理研究现状分析

以中国知网(CNKI)数据库和Web of Science(WOS)数据库为文献源,对2007—2016年有关可视化管理的论文进行收集,分析该领域的国内外研究现状,以便相关学者对该领域研究有更深入的理解,并为日后研究提供科学基础。基于CiteSpace软件,结合文献计量法,分别从年度发文量、作者、研究机构和国家及关键词等方面进行可视化分析并绘制知识图谱。分析结果表明:国内在该领域的发文量上占有优势,但整体偏向于可视化管理在企业中的实际应用;国外则更注重可视化管理的基础理论研究。此外,无论是国内还是国外,应增强合作关系,共同推动该领域的发展。     

基于bdPubMed的手卫生研究文献主题分析

针对bdPubMed所能检索到的国外手卫生领域有关文献,通过文献计量学的方法,对手卫生文献进行主题分析,通过bdPubMed检索平台以Hand hygiene为主题词进行计量,对手卫生研究文献的知识图谱、指纹共词、高影响因子论文、高被引次数论文等分析,进而对该领域发展状况进行了综合性数据统计与分析,了解了手卫生的相关研究状况。     

中国产学研合作研究的热点主题和知识演化

为明晰中国产学研合作研究领域的热点主题和知识演化,以1992—2016年CSSCI和CNKI中的1 615篇文献为分析样本,利用文献计量学与科学知识图谱方法进行分析。分析结果表明,产学研合作领域的热点涵盖合作模式、机制和影响因素;合作中的高等教育、人才培养;协同创新主体的互动关系;协同创新过程中的要素协同;绩效评价。该领域的研究主题在过去20几年发生了显著的变化,从关注合作模式到关注人才培养、教育改革、知识产权管理和利益分配等主题,再扩展到绩效评价、协同创新和创新网络等主题。     

用案例研究方法构建产学研合作理论探析

利用文献分析和案例研究的评价和过程框架,本文探析了如何用案例研究方法构建产学研合作理论,包括这种方法的定义、现状与问题、框架与步骤。结果表明:无论是国内还是国外,产学研合作案例研究均十分有限和薄弱的,已发表的产学研案例研究论文均是不规范的。最后,我们指出了用案例研究构建产学研合作理论的优缺点和改进建议。     

数字图书馆知识组织的研究状况分析

选择中国知网(CNKI)中国知识资源总库的相关数据库作为检索数据来源,2000-2009年10年间关于数字图书馆知识组织的研究论文作为分析数据,采用文献计量学方法进行统计,并结合文献内容从文献总体、时间、空间分布、著者及机构分布、主要内容、引用及下载情况等角度分析我国关于数字图书馆知识组织的研究状况,总结数字图书馆知识组织研究的趋势和特点,并对出现的问题进行讨论。     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

Low doses of a red wine ingredient figh diabetes in mice

Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Molecular motor assembly of a biomimetic system

Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence