基于Timmons理论的“科学商业”创业要素研究——一个本土背景的典型案例分析

将科学商业的创业过程划分为科学研究、创业起步、高速扩张和组织规划4个阶段,采用Timmons的创业要素理论,针对科学商业创业的不同阶段归纳其创业要素,分析各要素的特殊表现和内涵。在对创业要素进行分类归纳的基础上,进一步分"基础要素—高级要素"、"生成要素—发展要素"、"个体要素—组织要素"3种情况,研究创业要素在科学商业创业过程中的演化,旨为促进我国相关产业创业提出政策启示。     

数据要素价值化动态过程机制研究

数据作为全新的生产要素，已成为数字经济时代的“石油”，数据要素驱动的创新创业正成为新发展阶段实现高质量发展的新引擎。但鲜有针对数据要素价值化过程及其价值创造机制的研究。本研究针对新发展格局下数据要素价值化的难题，结合数据要素的“5I”社会属性，建构“要素-机制-绩效”这一过程视角下数据要素价值化的动态整合理论模型，系统论述通过数据银行实现数据要素多维价值创造的五阶段动态过程机制，也即低成本汇聚、规范化确权、高效率治理、资产化交易和全场景应用，讨论了落实这一机制的现实挑战和政策建议。本研究为打开数据要素价值化过程“黑箱”，加速数据要素价值化、赋能数字产业化和产业数字化，进而实现数字创新引领新发展阶段的高质量可持续发展提供理论与实践启示。     

社会创业合法性形成机制研究述评

社会创业如何突破合法性门槛、获取社会支持,从而创造更高的社会价值？既有文献对这一问题的研究非常零散,尚未形成系统的理论体系.遵循“社会创业—社会创业合法性—形成机制”的逻辑,对既有文献梳理发现：与一般商业创业相比,社会创业合法性有其独特性,社会企业可通过“精心设计”的管理举措与组织实践谋求合法性.本文从社会创业合法性形成机制的前因变量、策略及情境条件3个方面,多角度归纳社会创业合法性的形成机制,构建了社会创业合法性研究框架,并提供未来探讨的主要方向.     

创业孵化平台价值共创、动态能力与生态优势

创业孵化平台形成了以平台企业主导的创业生态优势,现有文献对其生态优势形成过程尚无有力解释。本文通过小米“投资+孵化”事件的探索性案例分析,以动态能力视角探究创业孵化平台价值共创对生态优势的影响机理。研究发现：创业孵化平台生态优势的影响机理遵循“价值共创-动态能力-生态优势”解释逻辑;它经历了三个阶段：（1）需求共同识别阶段,创业孵化平台与创业企业通过“交流”与“资源识别”促进“机会感知”并实现“生态共生”;（2）产品共同开发阶段,创业孵化平台与创业企业通过“交心”与“资源优化”促进“模式学习”并实现“生态互生”;（3）市场共同推广阶段,创业孵化平台与创业企业通过“交易”与“资源优化”促进“市场重构”并实现“生态再生”。研究结论对我国孵化器转型升级与“双创”高质量发展有重要指导意义。     

创业企业社会网络“关系-规模-结构”演化的纠错机理研究

提出并论证创业企业社会网络“关系-规模-结构”演化纠错的理论依据和前提假设,通过问卷调查的方式和运用SPSS等分析工具,剖析创业企业社会网络在不同创业阶段“关系-规模-结构”演化的纠错特性并对其效应进行度量.研究结果表明:创业企业社会网络“关系-规模”、“规模-结构”演化对创业企业的试错和纠错行为具有正向影响,这对创业企业来说具有启示作用.     

在孵企业要素特征何以影响创业绩效? ———以创新行为为中介变量

当前国家“双创”战略的实施推动了孵化事业蓬勃发展。然而,实践中在孵企业绩效水平低、成长性不足等问题始终未能有效解决。研究从组织要素理论视角出发,实证分析在孵企业要素特征对创新行为选择及创业绩效的影响作用。结果显示,创新性组织文化、创业型战略导向和柔性组织结构作为在孵企业要素特征,均能显著促进企业创新行为的开展及创业绩效提升;探索式和利用式创新行为均对在孵企业创业绩效具有显著正向影响,且探索式创新的促进作用更明显;同时,两种创新行为在在孵企业要素特征对创业绩效的影响中均发挥部分中介作用。据此,分别从加强在孵企业创新性要素特征培育、注重创新行为选择与融合、营造创新创业良好政策氛围方面提出启示性对策。     

数字原生企业数据价值激活过程的案例研究

数字经济时代,数据正成为助推企业快速发展的重要战略资源,数字原生企业作为数字经济大陆上“土生土长”的新型商业形态,创业伊始就天然地基于数字逻辑设计其商业模式,最大限度地激发数据价值,挑战传统企业价值创造范式。依据数字原生企业实践,运用案例研究方法系统探索了其数据价值激活过程。研究发现:数据价值积累阶段,数字原生企业通过数据引流和结构化存储,接入数据并解决数据质量参差不齐的问题;数据价值挖掘阶段,数字原生企业通过数据加工和价值洞察,完成对数据关联性可视化的呈现与溯源,明晰了数据预期可实现的价值类型;数据价值输出阶段,从数据融合到要素转化,数据最终实现了从非结构化的低价值数据要素向结构化的高价值数据资产的转变。本文构建了数字原生企业数据价值激活的过程模型,实现了对数字原生企业这种新型商业形态理论规律挖掘的新尝试与新探索。     

创业生态系统40年：主体 - 环境要素演进视角

创业生态系统构建优化是当前我国创业实践面临的重要问题,也是创业研究领域的热点论题。创业政策对创业生态系统优化具有重要推动作用,是认识创业生态系统的有益角度。构建基于政策视角的“主体-环境”中国创业生态系统发展演进理论分析框架,以改革开放40年来国家层面的4391篇创业政策为数据来源,采用政策文献计量和政策本文内容分析方法,从创业主体要素、创业外部环境要素两个方面研究中国创业生态系统的发展过程和演进特征。研究结果表明：我国创业主体经历了率性主体、精英主体、弱势主体向大众主体的演进;系统环境首位要素由创业宣传、社会创业培训向有形基础设施演进;系统外部环境要素多领域协同发展的格局初步显现。     

大学生成功创业的基点:提升创业素质

大学生创业成为其就业的一种形式,但由于大学生创业素质普遍较低,其创业成功率很低。文章主要探讨大学生创业的商业敏感性、胆识、科学与理性、良好的创业心态等各种创业要素,以阐述大学生成功创业必备的素质。     

创业成本感知对创业意愿影响的组态效应研究

创业者对于创业环境的认可度、地方政府支持力度、资金融通难度等因素的主观感知是决定其创业与否的重要影响因素,且这一影响并非通过单一因素或单一路径能够达成,而是多重因素协同影响的复杂过程,因此探析创业成本感知对创业意愿影响的组态效应至关重要。本文基于创业成本的全域视角,将创业成本划分为显性成本和隐性成本,借助模糊集定性比较分析法,利用29个城市科技创业者对创业成本及创业意愿感知的调研数据,探索造成创业意愿差异的因果复杂机制。研究发现：(1)驱动创业意愿具有“多重并发”和“殊途同归”的特征,单一创业成本要素并不构成创业意愿产生的必要条件;(2)高创业意愿的激活机制主要分为四条路径：即显性成本驱动型、社会环境主导型、综合成本驱动型和显性成本—技术驱动型;(3)在特定的创业成本条件下,经济环境成本和商务成本在高创业意愿的产生过程中具有替代关系;(4)科技创业者在初创阶段对于显性成本更为敏感,成长阶段则对政策环境的感知力更强。研究结论对于激发不同区域的科技创业活力,营造良好的区域创业生态具有现实意义。     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence     

Chinese Scientists Use Earth Observation Technologies to Study and Protect Wild Camels

<正>Chinese scientists plan to apply Earth Observation technologies to protect the critically endangered wild camels(Camelus ferus).With the help of remote sensing,satellite positioning,geographical information system and wireless sensors networks,they will be able to access the distribution and population of the wild camels and protect their habitats.The project will be carried out by the International Research Center for Wild Camel Conservation,which was jointly established earlier this year by the Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth(RADI)of the Chinese     

More than Skin Deep – Understand Skin Biology by Means of Dermatogenomics

<正>The Paul Gerson Unna Research Group on Dermatogenomics was founded in October 2012 at the Partner Institute for Computational Biology.The ultimate goal of the group is to understand the biology of skin and skin appendages.