高师小学语文教学法课程实施中的案例研讨

高师小学语文教学法课程实施过程中的案例研讨是一系列重要教学方式的总和．可以划分为案例评议型、案例求解型、案例拓展型三类。案例研讨具有对话性、合作性、探索性等特征。有助于高师学生深刻理解一系列基础教育新课程理念,准确把握小学语文教学工作的复杂性,同步获得小学语文教学的知识与能力。案例研讨的组织与实施要求全面转变师生观念,精心选择教学案例。合理安排研讨程序。     

美国社会科“探究弧”:内容、特征及启示

美国在《为大学、职业及公民生活做准备的社会科州立标准框架:提高K-12年级公民、经济、地理和历史学科严谨性的指导》(C3框架)中提出了推动探究在课程实施中落地的指导框架——"探究弧"。该框架围绕问题、概念、证据和行动四个维度对社会科课程的实施进行指导,意在通过探究增进学生对知识的理解,提升学生相关的学习能力,使学生为更好地参与未来生活做好准备。我国德育课程可以考虑借鉴"探究弧"将学生发展作为核心的理念及其在课程方案设计、跨学科教学实施和教学过程中多种能力融合培养等方面的经验,提升德育课程教学的效果。     

Implementing General Education in Hong Kong: Government Policies,Institutional Responses,Opportunities and Challenges

In this paper, the authors explore the implementation of the government mandate in Hong Kong to move from three-year to four-year undergraduate degree programs which include studies in general education (GE), through an analysis of policies and activities related to the curriculum reform. While the authors are interested in the substance of these reforms, the primary objective is to explore the relationships between policy initiatives and implementation approaches at different levels. Using Scott’s (2001) new institutional theory as a framework, the authors discuss the policy implementation at the governmental, institutional norms, and cultural levels. By focusing on the complex interrelationships among influences at different levels within the institution, this paper identifies challenges in the implementation of the new four-year curriculum, and using a case study of one institution, offers suggestions for facilitating that implementation.     

Towards a theory of curriculum implementation with particular reference to science education in developing countries

Improving science education is often regarded as a priority for developing countries in order to promote longterm economic development. Thus initiatives, both government and foreign-aid sponsored, aimed at improving science education in developing countries abound. However, all too often the focus of such initiatives is limited to the development of science curricula, while the details of how the curricula will be implemented at school level are often neglected. This paper represents an effort to lay the groundwork for a theory of curriculum implementation with particular reference to developing countries. We have drawn on school development, educational change, and science education literature in order to develop three constructs that could form the heart of such a theory, namely, Profile of Implementation, Capacity to Innovate, and Outside Support. Six propositions are offered to suggest how the constructs may inter-relate as a basis for the development of the theory. The implementation of the natural sciences learning area of the South African Curriculum 2005 is used to illustrate the emerging theory.     

试论中学化学有效教学的心理学基础与教学策略

注重化学教学的有效性是科学素养教育的必然要求,更是化学新课程改革实施的关键.文章结合化学学科的特点和有效教学的含义,阐述了化学有效教学的内涵,分析了中学化学有效教学的心理学基础,构建了中学化学新课程教学中实施有效教学的策略.     

Identifying secondary-school students’ difficulties when reading visual representations displayed in physics simulations

The apartheid policies in South Africa had a marked influence on the accessibility and quality of school science experienced by the different race groups. African learners in particular were seriously disadvantaged in this regard. The issues of equity and redress were foremost in transformation of the education system, and the accompanying curriculum reform. This paper reports on equity in terms of equality of outputs and equality of inputs in South African school science, with a particular focus on the implementation of practical science investigations. This was a qualitative case study of two teachers on their implementation of science investigations at two schools, one a township school, previously designated for black children, and the other a former Model C school, previously reserved for white children. My study was guided by the curriculum implementation framework by Rogan and Grayson in trying to understand the practice of these teachers at schools located in contextually diverse communities. The framework helped profile the implementation of science investigations and also enabled me to explore the factors which are able to support or hinder this implementation.     

教育信息化背景下现代高职教育教学质量评价研究

在教育信息化推进的背景下,基于全面质量管理理论和现代教育技术,构建了"PDCA+信息化管理"的现代职业教育教学质量评价模型,提炼出课程教学的课程设置、课程实施、课程评价、课程优化和教育信息化管理五方面评价指标体系。通过问卷调查和Smartpls3.0对影响教育教学质量的主要因素进行了实证分析,结果表明,信息化管理对教育教学质量满意度提升作用较大,课程设置、课程实施、课程评价、课程反馈等因素对教育质量满意度提升的作用有限,进而提出有针对的改进建议。     

How to make the neighbourhood school a school for all?

A new special education strategy was launched in Finland by the Ministry of Education in 2007. The new Basic Act was enacted in 2010 and the new national core curriculum concerning three‐tiered support for pupils in 2011. Since the 1990s, teachers across Finland have participated in developing Finnish basic education towards greater inclusion. The goal of this study was to enhance understanding of the implementation of the Finnish educational reforms. In this study, teachers' perceptions of good inclusive teaching arrangements were analysed and compared with the theories of inclusive education. There is still a lack of information available on the implementation of inclusive education practices, and especially about teachers' experiences of teaching in inclusive classrooms. In 2010, basic education teachers (N = 327) in Lapland, Finland, were asked to describe their experiences and perceptions of inclusive teaching arrangements. The results indicated that teaching practices have become more diverse, flexible and differentiated, enabling teaching of diverse groups. More and more teachers preferred teaching in teams and planning their work together, showing that changes in schools change the teacher's profession too. In this study, a framework for inclusive schools was constructed through implementing the indexes of inclusion created by Booth and Ainscow.     

新课程全面实施下的高师教师教育改革

基础教育新课程改革已经从实验阶段走向全面实施阶段,高等师范院校也从"师范教育"向"教师教育"转型。高师院校在教师教育的转型过程中,应直面基础教育新课程改革全面实施的大背景,力求教师教育课程目标的现代化、课程结构的综合化、教学方式的示范化,并在课程体系上实现职前职后一体化。     

Preschool Teachers’ Understandings of the National Preschool Curriculum in Greece

In 2003, a new curriculum was enacted in Greek preschool education, replacing the previous one of 1989 and following the development of new curricula for the other rungs of compulsory education. Within this context, the new curriculum development policy aimed at an equal integration of preschool education into the unified design of primary and secondary education. A basic issue in any such educational change is how teachers make sense of the new curriculum and what impact it has on their thinking and daily practice. Considering the need to better understand the relationships between curriculum and parameters that shape practice, the study examines preschool teachers’ perspectives of the new early childhood curriculum and its implementation, as well as the extent to which the new curriculum has influenced preschool practices.     

真实问题解决：指向核心素养提升的教学策略——以人大附中通用技术课程建设为例

新课标明确了学生毕业应具有的正确价值观、应具备的品格特征和应掌握的关键技能,将核心素养作为学科建设的主要指标提出来。因此,在课堂教学中落实学科核心素养是教育质量提升的关键。该文构建了基于真实问题解决、指向学科核心素养的技术教育学习策略;提出了创设符合学习进阶的课程体系、创立多样化组织范式、探索"多样态"学习方式、丰富课型与教学方式、开展项目式教学评价研究等具体实施途径和方法;最后以中国人民大学附属中学(以下简称人大附中)在通用技术课程建设为例进行了说明。该教学策略在理论体系建设、教师专业发展、创新人才培养方面效果明显。     

Teachers’ perceptions and concerns about the implementation of the 2005 preschool curriculum in Tanzania

The aim of this study was to examine teachers’ perceptions and concerns about the implementation of the preschool curriculum developed over 10 years (2005–2015). This paper reports findings from an interpretive case study design in four preschool settings in Tanzania with 12 teachers and 8 parent participants. Data were generated using interviews and documentation. The research focus was on how teachers have implemented the 2005 preschool curriculum. The findings indicate that the implementation of the curriculum was problematic due to teachers’ lack of knowledge of a child-centred pedagogy. In addition there were no teachers qualified to work with young children, overcrowded classrooms, poor teaching and learning environments, and insufficient teaching and learning materials and facilities. This study recommends that to improve the current situation and attain quality provision of early education, teachers need to develop their professional knowledge through in-service training. The government policy planners need to provide initial teacher education, professional development, and conducive teaching and learning environments with available resources for effective teaching and learning practices.     

提高教师能力,适应课改要求

新课程的实施，体现我国基础教育从“应试教育”模式走向素质教育模式，体现从传统教育走向现代教育，需要教师转变角色和行为，对教师的教育能力提出了更高的要求，主要体现为教育教学研究能力、指导学生学习的能力、交往与合作能力、课程资源的开发利用能力、信息技术的应用能力、教育教学评价能力、教育创新能力等。     

Teachers’ Stances and Practical Arguments Regarding a Science‐Indigenous Knowledge Curriculum: Part 1

The new South African curriculum known as Curriculum 2005 (to depict the year of its full implementation) requires that teachers integrate school science with Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS). Curriculum 2005 has generated heated debates at various levels since its inception in 1997. This study focuses on the effectiveness or otherwise of a Practical Argumentation Course (PAC) as an instructional tool for enhancing teachers’ understanding of, and ability to implement, a Science‐IKS curriculum. Data collected by questionnaires, video‐taped and audio‐taped interviews, and reflective essays were analysed in terms of a Practical Argumentation Framework developed for the purpose. The findings show that the PAC did enhance the teachers’ understanding as well as increase their awareness of the need to implement a Science‐IKS curriculum in their classrooms. Also, the PAC seemed to have made the teachers more sceptical of the notion that science is the only way of knowing or interpreting experience, or that IKS were based on superstitious beliefs. All the teachers recommended the need to include the PAC or similar courses in science teacher education programmes.     

美国K-12整合性STEM教育框架:理念、课程路径与支持系统

美国整合性STEM教育框架基于STEM理念,阐明对整合性STEM的共识性理解,首次提供了涵盖K-12阶段的整合性STEM课程资源,绘制了STEM课程路线图,提供在课堂层次实施STEM的课程路线,为整合STEM方法的系统转型提供支持,以数据驱动STEM教学与评价,制定有效的STEM课程项目和STEM教师专业发展框架,推动整合性STEM课程实施与教学方法改革,培养学生运用STEM知识去解决真实问题,提高创新、批判性思维和解决问题的能力,培养21世纪技能。美国整合性STEM教育框架的课程理念、课程路径与课程支持系统,对我国在基础教育阶段推进STEM教育改革,开发全学段的STEM教育整体框架和课程路线图可以提供有益借鉴,包括基于标准的整合性STEM课程框架,赋能STEM教师的整合性教学实践和推动整合性STEM教育的系统性转变。     

The Spread of the Learning Outcomes Approaches across Countries,Sub‐systems and Levels: A special focus on teacher education

This article is based on the outcomes of the study entitled “The application of learning outcomes approaches across Europe”, which was funded by Cedefop and completed in 2015 (Wi?niewski et al, 2015 ). The study, aiming at exploring the implementation of the learning outcomes approach in European countries, addressed two major questions: (1) to what extent and how the shift to learning outcomes has been influencing education and training policies and strategies at macro (national) level and teaching practices at micro (institutional) level in EU and EFTA member countries, and (2) to what extent and how political priority given to learning outcomes has influenced institutional practices in the training of education and training professionals. The study, covering 33 EU and EFTA member countries and all sub‐systems of education, used empirical evidence from country case studies and also from a limited number of institutional case studies focusing on initial teacher education. The study demonstrated a significant progress in the use of the learning outcomes approach in most countries and in all sub‐systems, but also major implementation challenges. This article presents the outcomes of the study using an analytical framework combining three analytical perspectives: (1) curriculum development and delivery (2) European integration, and (3) governance and policy implementation.     

新课程实施中体育教师的角色定位

体育课程实施价值取向的转变、3级课程管理模式的落实、体育课程资源的开发与利用,都需要体育教师实现角色的重新定位,主动适应新课程的需要。在体育新课程的实施过程中,体育教师要由课程教材的执行者转变为课程开发的参与者,由运动技能的传授者转变为学生健康成长的促进者,由体育教学的控制者转变为学生主动学习的引导者。     

高职专业教师执教能力的建构

本文针对当前高等职业教育教学改革的要求,从五个方面系统地提出了高职专业教师在实施课程改革过程中所建构的执教能力,并对其内涵做了具体的阐述,以迅速提高高职专业教师的执教水平。     

课程改革与学校文化重建——一所学校的个案研究

课程改革与学校文化之间存在相互制约的关系,学校文化是制约课程实施的主要因素,系统的课程改革就是学校文化的变革,新的基础教育改革蕴涵全新的学校文化要素。作者以日常生活为切入点,对一所进行新课程改革的小学进行了课程改革和学校文化关系的个案研究,结果表明:作为文化变革的课程改革将是一个长期的过程;新课程的实施需要引起学校文化的自觉与重建的努力;优秀的学校文化是学校发展的内在动力;校长是优秀文化的塑造者。     

小学教育硕士课程中开展合作活动学习的探索

课程与教学设计是教育硕士培养中的重要环节,直接影响着教育硕士的培养质量。以小学教育硕士课程中“综合实践活动”的教学改革试验为例,此项改革开发了“示范型合作活动”“理论引领型合作活动”“操作型合作活动”“案例型合作活动”以及“个别交流型合作活动”等学习策略和课程类型,通过了合作活动学习的设计与实施过程,探索了实践取向的小学教育硕士培养的新路径,并且深化了对合作活动学习理论的认识。