基于网络社区的创新竞赛绩效影响因素研究

作为一种新型的开放式创新模式,基于网络社区的创新竞赛已受到广泛关注。本文收集了任务中国网站524项创新竞赛任务数据,运用多元调节回归分析方法,对创新竞赛绩效影响因素进行了实证检验。研究结果表明:(1)设置较高的奖励金额可增加参赛人数,而延长竞赛周期则可增加解答方案数量和提高任务完成率;(2)过多的任务描述会降低创新竞赛的绩效水平;(3)奖励机制对创新竞赛绩效影响因素具有重要的调节作用。     

创新群体合作研发绩效的制度分析

加强科技进步和创新需要创新群体的合作与协同。通过对影响创新群体合作研发绩效的主要因素进行分析,认为创新群体内外部制度是影响其绩效的最基本因素,其他诸多因素都是建立在制度因素层面之上的。通过对创新群体利益相关方进行分析,结合制度经济学委托一代理理论对创新群体外部制度环境进行分析,并在外部制度研究的基础上,基于团队协作静态博弈模型对创新群体内部制度进行研究分析。最后选取典型创新群体,对研究结论进行实证分析和总结。     

产学研耦合互动对创新绩效影响的实证研究

从耦合互动的视角来分析产学研合作创新绩效,对于完善产学研合作创新理论和提高创新绩效具有重要研究意义。产学研耦合指合作方之间创新系统的互补与兼容,互动指合作方为完成任务而发生的交互行为。在深入分析产学研创新系统耦合、互动行为和创新绩效的基础上构建了实证研究的框架。通过收集调研问卷数据,运用结构方程模型分析方法实证检验相关假设。研究表明产学研创新系统耦合通过互动行为影响创新绩效。最后从基于耦合互动视角选择合作伙伴、建立耦合互动创新过程管理机制、加强耦合互动运行机制的建设等方面给出了提高产学研创新绩效的建议。     

企业研发联盟伙伴选择影响因素及其对联盟绩效的作用分析

研发联盟的数量增长很快,但是联盟的失败率却很高,不适当的合作伙伴选择是最重要的原因之一.本文以合作创新理论为基础,分析了研发联盟伙伴选择的影响因素对联盟绩效的作用,构建了研发联盟伙伴选择影响因素的结构方程模型,利用问卷调查得到的数据对模型进行实证分析以验证研究假设,得出研究结论.从联盟伙伴选择方面丰富了提高联盟绩效的相关研究.     

产学研金合作共生要素对企业创新绩效的影响

基于共生理论,从共生单元、共生模式和共生环境三个维度分析产学研金合作的共生要素,并提出合作共生要素对企业创新绩效影响的研究假设,以生物制药、化工、电子和机械设备等多个不同领域的376家企业为研究对象进行实证分析,利用结构方程模型对研究假设进行验证。研究结果表明,产学研金合作共生要素中,对企业创新绩效影响最大的要素为共生模式,其次为共生环境,影响程度最弱的为共生单元。针对研究结论提出企业创新绩效提升的建议。     

产学研科学与技术合作对企业创新的影响研究——基于数量与质量视角

开放式创新背景下,产学研合作成为企业提升创新绩效的重要途径。将产学研合作划分为科学合作和技术合作,基于数量与质量视角,比较研究科学合作、技术合作以及二者的交互作用对企业创新数量和质量的不同影响机理,并运用中国有机化学企业1998—2015年的专利和论文数据进行实证检验。结果表明:(1)科学合作正向影响企业创新数量和质量,并且对创新质量的影响高于对创新数量的影响;(2)技术合作正向影响企业的创新数量和创新质量,但对创新数量和创新质量的影响之间并不存在显著差异;(3)科学合作与技术合作对企业创新数量的影响之间存在替代效应,对企业创新质量的影响之间存在互补效应。     

团队创新绩效影响因素的实证研究——以大学生创新训练计划项目为例

"大学生创新训练计划"项目是教育部为了培养创新人才而扶持的项目,实践表明,它对于转变教育观念,培养学生主体意识和创新意识发挥了重要的作用,探讨如何提高团队创新绩效是需要解决的一个问题。研究以南京邮电大学2016—2017年度结项的"大创"项目团队成员为调查对象,结合访谈结果,提炼出影响团队创新绩效的4个因素:团队成员的内在动机、知识异质性、导师支持以及团队任务分工。从这4个因素出发编制问卷,使用SPSS 25.0和AMOS 24.0对149个项目团队的一手数据进行数据分析。结果表明:团队成员的内在动机、导师支持、团队合理的任务分工对团队创新绩效有显著正向影响,但是知识异质性对团队创新绩效的影响不显著。最后,研究依据实证结果,从导师、学生2个方面提出提升"大创"项目团队创新绩效的意见建议。     

专利质量对企业绩效的影响:盈利能力和技术创新类型的作用

提升专利质量是当前新经济形势下的迫切任务,专利质量与企业绩效的关系长期以来受到学者和业界的关注。本文基于201家信息技术行业企业2014—2020年数据,检验了专利质量对企业绩效的影响。研究结果表明,专利被引次数、维持超6年的专利数量和权利要求数量都对企业绩效产生正向作用。盈利能力在专利被引次数与企业绩效、维持超6年的专利数量与企业绩效关系间起到了中介作用。相较于不连续创新,连续性创新正向调节了专利被引次数、权利要求数量与企业绩效间的关系。本文研究结论对于促进企业专利质量的绩效转化具有积极的意义。     

基于结构方程模型的组织认知影响创新绩效实证研究

在总结认知理论相关研究的基础上,阐述组织认知的内涵,构建组织认知理论模型,结合前期创新绩效影响因素的研究成果,认为组织认知对创新缋效具有促进作用,并提出相关假设;借助结构方程软件,构建组织认知对创新绩效综合效应模型,通过实证研究进一步证明组织认知对创新绩效的积极作用,并对认知过程、认知结构和认知模式共同促进创新绩效的机理进行深入分析.     

中国高新技术企业专利权对未来经营绩效影响的实证研究

专利权数量和经营绩效关系的研究大多采取同期的数据。公司积累的专利权数量对经营绩效的影响具有滞后性,进而提出了公司专利权数量对未来经营绩效影响的理论假设,并以我国高新技术产业上市公司为样本进行实证研究。实证分析的结果发现:高新技术上市公司拥有的专利权总数与公司未来业绩缺乏明显的相关关系。在各类型专利权指标中,只有发明专利对企业后续两年的经营绩效产生正向显著影响。     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence     

Chinese Scientists Use Earth Observation Technologies to Study and Protect Wild Camels

<正>Chinese scientists plan to apply Earth Observation technologies to protect the critically endangered wild camels(Camelus ferus).With the help of remote sensing,satellite positioning,geographical information system and wireless sensors networks,they will be able to access the distribution and population of the wild camels and protect their habitats.The project will be carried out by the International Research Center for Wild Camel Conservation,which was jointly established earlier this year by the Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth(RADI)of the Chinese     

More than Skin Deep – Understand Skin Biology by Means of Dermatogenomics

<正>The Paul Gerson Unna Research Group on Dermatogenomics was founded in October 2012 at the Partner Institute for Computational Biology.The ultimate goal of the group is to understand the biology of skin and skin appendages.