政府作用对共性技术协同研发绩效的影响——基于航空装备制造业的实证研究

构建政府作用、知识共享与航空装备制造业共性技术协同研发绩效的理论模型,运用结构方程模型分析方法进行实证检验。研究结果表明,政府作用对航空装备制造业共性技术协同研发绩效产生正向影响,而知识共享在二者之间起到重要的中介作用。     

制造业共性技术研发的知识管理评价体系构建

制造业共性技术研发水平是决定制造业核心竞争力的关键因素。本文构建了制造业共性技术研发知识管理流程绩效评价的指标体系,包括共性技术研发的外部性知识管理、共性技术研发的设计性知识管理、共性技术研发的协同性知识管理、共性技术研发知识管理的组织定位、共性技术研发知识管理的技术支持以及共性技术研发知识管理流程的整合等6个一级指标及相关的18个二级指标和59个三级指标。建立了AHP和FCE模型相结合的多层次模糊综合评价模型。经实例验证,利用此定量和定性相结合的多层次模糊综合评价模型可以较好地对制造业共性技术协同研发的知识管理流程绩效进行综合评价。     

企业协同创新文化与创新绩效：基于团队凝聚力的调节效应模型

本文在总结企业创新文化相关研究基础上,纳入研发强度作为控制变量,分析企业协同创新文化四要素（知识共享、组织创新氛围、协同决策、组织变革）对创新绩效的影响,并探讨团队凝聚力在协同创新文化与创新绩效两者关系中的调节作用。基于110家制造业企业的问卷调查数据,通过层次回归法进行实证研究,研究结果表明：（1）协同创新文化的知识共享、组织创新氛围、协同决策、组织变革四要素对创新绩效有显著的正向影响;（2）团队凝聚力对协同创新文化与创新绩效两者关系起到调节效应。研究结论弥补了已有相关研究的不足,对我国制造业企业创新绩效的提升具有指导和借鉴意义。     

制造业共性技术研发的组织模式分析——基于一个理论框架

《中国制造2025》明确了制造强国路线图。经济发展新常态下,我国制造业共性技术研发在知识经济背景下需要新的理论指导实践。产业技术创新战略联盟、产业技术研究院、产业公共技术服务平台是新常态下促进我国制造业产业共性技术产学研用协同研发的有效组织模式,从宏观层面上分析了产业技术创新战略联盟、产业技术研究院、产业公共技术服务平台等制造业共性技术研发组织模式的功能架构及其运行的知识管理流程,构建了理论框架模型,以期对新常态下我国制造业的共性技术研发及产业转型升级提供借鉴。     

合作研发中的控制机制、技术知识转化与绩效关系研究

以249家具有合作研发项目的企业为调查对象,利用结构方程模型对合作研发中的控制机制、技术知识转化与合作研发绩效的关系进行实证研究。结果表明:契约控制对技术知识显性转化具有正向作用,但对技术知识个体隐性转化和协同隐性转化没有显著作用;信任控制对技术知识显性转化、个体隐性转化和协同隐性转化都具有正向作用;技术知识转化对合作研发创新绩效和能力获取绩效均具有正向作用。     

企业外部知识获取方式与转包绩效关系的研究——以航空装备制造企业为例

以我国航空装备制造企业为研究对象,建立了企业外部知识获取、企业内部知识共享能力、企业技术能力和企业转包绩效之间关系的理论模型,提出了11种研究假设。采用问卷调查和实地调研的方式对我国20家实施航空产品转包生产的航空制造类企业进行调查访问。运用SPSS17.0和AMOS7.0统计软件对回收的232份问卷中的各项指标变量进行因子分析和拟合度检验。结果表明,面对面交流和编码信息共享的知识获取方式对组织内部知识共享方式和企业技术能力存在显著正向影响;虚拟对话交流的知识获取方式对组织内部知识共享方式存在显著正向影响;组织内部知识共享方式与企业技术能力和企业转包绩效之间存在显性正向影响;企业技术能力与企业转包绩效之间存在显性正向影响。     

数字化投入对航空装备制造企业创新绩效的影响机制研究

航空装备制造企业作为知识密集型企业,多年来主要依赖于自主创新驱动发展。以2010-2019年的航空装备制造上市企业为样本,深入剖析数字化投入对企业创新绩效的直接和间接影响机制。研究结果表明：航空装备制造企业数字化投入与其创新绩效之间显著正相关;知识能力和风险承担水平在企业数字化投入促进企业创新绩效的作用机制中起着中介作用;政府资助正向调节数字化投入对知识吸收能力的影响,并在数字化投入对企业创新绩效的影响中起正向调节作用。研究结果对于研究调控数字化投入提高企业创新绩效的路径选择具有一定的理论和实践参考价值。     

自主研发、技术改造与高技术企业创新绩效研究

当前,我国高技术产业面临整体竞争力偏低、关键技术缺失的困境.继续扩大技术投入,提高创新绩效是实现高技术企业向创新驱动型发展的必要途径.采用1995-2016年高技术产业17个细分行业数据,考察自主研发、技术改造2种不同技术投入模式对创新绩效的影响.研究发现:自主研发投入规模增长十分迅速,对创新绩效起到显著的促进作用.技术改造增长相对缓慢,对创新绩效的提升效果不显著;同时投入自主研发与技术改造对提升企业创新绩效的作用明显大于单纯依靠自主研发投入;在各行业中,自主研发对航空航天器及设备制造业创新绩效提升作用最大,对电子及通信设备制造业作用最小;电子及通信设备制造业技术改造投入效果显著,其他行业技术改造投放效果不显著.     

战略性新兴产业技术转移、内部研发能力与技术创新绩效关系研究——以中成药制造业为例

利用1995—2016年数据,采用层次回归模型,探讨中国中成药制造业的技术转移、内部研发能力影响其知识创新绩效、产品创新绩效的作用机制。研究发现,中国中成药制造业国外技术引进与产业的知识创新绩效存在负向相关性,与产业的产品创新绩效存在正"U"型相关关系;中国中成药制造业国内技术购买与产业的知识创新绩效存在正相关关系,与产品创新绩效存在倒"U"型相关关系;中国中成药制造业内部研发能力对国内技术购买与技术创新绩效间的相关关系具有正向调节效应,对国外技术引进与技术创新绩效间关系不具有调节作用。     

模块化、知识流动与装备制造业集群企业创新绩效

从技术模块化、产品模块化和组织模块化对装备制造业集群企业创新绩效的影响出发,探究模块化—知识流动—集群企业创新绩效三者之间的作用机理。构建结构方程模型,对理论假设进行验证,结果表明:模块化对集群企业的创新绩效有正向的促进作用;在这一过程中,隐性知识流动和显性知识流动分别在技术模块化、产品模块化与集群企业创新绩效之间均起到了中介作用;但在组织模块化对集群企业创新绩效的影响过程中仅有显性知识流动起到了中介作用,隐性知识流动的中介作用未能得到证实。据此,提出了促进装备制造业集群企业创新绩效的管理策略。     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

Low doses of a red wine ingredient figh diabetes in mice

Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Molecular motor assembly of a biomimetic system

Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence