中高年级小学生闲暇时间管理策略

小学生闲暇时间的管理有利于促进人的个性化和实现人的全面发展。提升小学生闲暇时间管理的策略为:在社会层面,将闲暇教育列入国家和学校教育的议程,动员社会力量开发闲暇活动可利用的资源;在学生层面,树立正确的观念,重视闲暇时间的管理,学习科学方法,合理管理闲暇时间;在学校层面,培育闲暇时间管理意识和技能兼具的教师队伍,开发建立闲暇时间管理的课程体系,落实闲暇活动设施与场所的多样性与开放性;在家庭层面,发挥父母为第一任教师的启蒙作用,坚持整体性原则,形成家庭、学校、社会教育的合力。     

Dynamics of community participation,student achievement and school management: the case of primary schools in a rural area of Malawi

School management in many sub-Saharan African countries has been enhanced through community participation in an attempt to improve education quality. This study uses field research in a rural district of Malawi to assess how community and parent participation differs between schools, the intentions of communities and parents when carrying out activities in schools, and the mechanism promoting active participation in schools. In high-achieving schools, but not in low-achieving schools, communities and parents were actively involved in events aimed at improving student achievement. Communities and parents considered most highly prioritised activities that directly influenced student achievement, including hiring volunteer teachers, arranging extra classes and holding mock examinations. Community participation did not directly improve student achievement. Instead, when communities and parents actively participated in a school, school management improved, ensuring better student achievement. The implications of this finding are discussed in relation to community participation.     

中小学心理教师专业化现状调查及发展探究

中小学心理教师的专业化发展是促进学校心理健康教育工作有效开展的重要条件。采用北京师范大学教育心理与学校咨询研究所编制的调查问卷,通过分层随机抽样的方法,对全国8个省、自治区、直辖市72所中小学心理教师队伍现状进行问卷调查。采用SPSS对调查结果进行统计分析,从心理教师的基本情况、工作开展状况、专业培训制度以及心理教师获得的环境支持四个方面概括了中小学心理教师队伍的专业化发展现状及存在的问题,据此提出明确心理教师的专业角色、加强专业培训与训练、建立健全管理制度、加强与其他科任教师和学生家长的合作等建议。     

The competency test's impact on teachers' abilities

Employed as screening devices for teacher candidates, basic competency tests are controversial. Test data correlate with the candidates' ethnic group memberships and screen out more minority candidates than others. This is particularly troubling in urban schools, where the proportion of ethnic minority students and ethnic minority teachers may be moving in opposite directions. However, the tests appear to have the intended impact on candidates' abilities. Besides the higher reading, writing, and math scores required to pass the California Basic Educational Skills Test, successful subjects also had significantly higher Scholastic Aptitude Test scores than those who failed. Whether the ability gains outweigh the impact that the tests have on minority representation among teachers is very much at issue, particularly in urban school districts.     

Impact of an inclusive programme on achievement,attendance and perceptions towards the school climate and social-emotional adaptation among students with disabilities

The aim of this paper is to report outcomes of a school-based programme aiming to promote achievement, attendance and positive perceptions towards the school climate and social-emotional adaptation among students with disabilities (SWD). The programme included a series of training and social activities for school staff, parents and children followed by implementation of the knowledge gained through these activities. The programme lasted one school year and data were collected through quantitative and qualitative methods. Results of the study indicated enhanced student attendance and achievement, social-emotional development, and positive perceptions about the school climate. In addition, parents and teachers were mostly content with development of students and the attempts of their schools to prompt student learning. Findings of this research indicate the significance of the holistic approach in educating SWD in mainstream schools and confirm that schools can make progress relying on their internal structures and planned action.     

职业学校课堂教学管理的心理博弈分析

运用博弈论的基本模型和求解思想与方法,对职业学校课堂中的教师与学生、学校与教师以及学校与学生之间的行为进行分析,进而思考职业学校教学管理制度的设计问题.     

论高校管理法治化的五大关系

高校管理的法治化是高校管理变革的必然趋势。高校管理法治化必须理顺国法、党法和高校自治法三种法的关系,行政、民事和劳动三种法律关系,决策、行政和监督三种治理结构间的关系,明确学校、教师和学生三种法律关系主体的权利义务关系,抓住法律责任、正当程序和权利救济三个关键环节。     

英国的学校间竞争：十年的经验

自《1988年教育改革法》实施以来，向教育领域导入市场原理就成了英国教育改革的一个明显特点。研究发现，学校间日益激烈的竞争如果和绩效管理相结合，可能会提高学校的效率。但是，刺激竞争会对教育公平产生什么样的影响还是有待证实的。为了防止在追求高水平公立教育的过程中出现更大的不平等现象，必须对学校的招生情况加以管理，并且鼓励学校接纳和保留学习能力不足及有特殊需要的学生(即残疾儿童)的学生。     

对中小学体育教师评价三个基本问题的反思

中小学体育教师评价的三个基本问题包括中小学体育教师评价的内容、评价的主体以及评价方法,即评价什么、谁来评价以及如何评价。在评价内容方面,可以从教师、学生以及师生关系三个维度来考察,学校应该根据其自身的实际情况,对不同维度赋予不同权重;在评价主体方面,应主张多元主体参与,建立以同行评价为主,学校领导、教师本身、家长、学生共同参与的教师评价制度;在评价方法方面,提倡多维评价,把定性评价与定量评价相结合,以质性评价统整量化评价,提倡科学化管理。     

贫困地区农村寄宿制学校学生课余生活管理研究——基于广西壮族自治区都安县、河北省丰宁县的调研

对广西壮族自治区都安县、河北省丰宁县农村寄宿制学校的调研发现,由于贫困地区贫困寄宿学生的生活补贴费用处于低标准的水平,农村教师编制紧张,不能设置专门的生活教师,公用经费没有对寄宿制学校学生的管理做出专门的安排,使得农村寄宿制学校学生课余活动很贫乏,不利于学生的成长。因此,需要提高贫困地区农村寄宿制学校的生均公用经费标准,加强学生课余活动资源建设;设立农村寄宿制学校生活教师编制,保障对学生课余活动的管理;提高农村寄宿制学校教师待遇,增强教师组织学生课余活动的积极性;建立面向学生课后管理的农村寄宿制学校教师培训体系,提高学生课余活动的质量。     

Unpacking the nature and practices of inclusive education: the case of two schools in Hyderabad,India

This paper reports insights into the nature and practices of inclusive schools in India using a case study methodology. Being a signatory of the Salamanca Statement, the Government of India has undertaken to implement an inclusive system of education in schools. An initial survey conducted to identify sample inclusive schools showed that inclusive education is being adopted by many schools on a superficial level. In fact, it was found that the term ‘inclusive school’ was more of an ornamental name used to create an impression of inclusion. Deliberations with the managements and teachers of these schools revealed that the concept was being adopted and implemented in Indian mainstream schools albeit in the absence of any clearly defined ideas on the subject. An in-depth exploration was undertaken into the inclusive practices followed in two case-study schools. Interviews were conducted with the school heads, class teachers, students and their parents. This was accompanied by observations of the practices followed by the so-called inclusive schools. Data thus collected were analysed using qualitative analysis. Results of the study demonstrate lack of resources, infrastructure, teaching practices, curricular and co-curricular activities which if incorporated would actually bring about inclusive practices beneficial to students of diverse needs. The paper concludes with policy proposals with respect to a clear definition of the concept of inclusive education and the various provisions that should be made available in the inclusive schools.     

西北地区农村小学教学方法现状个案调查

从学校、教师、家长、学生等多层次、多角度对西北地区农村小学教学方法现状调查分析的结果表明:一线教师对新课程所倡导的参与、自主、探究、合作等教学方法在认识上存在排斥、模式化、怀疑、内化等几个层次和阶段,教师课堂教学中的主要困难集中在课堂管理、时间控制、教师负担等几个方面。     

Teaching Chronobiology and Sleep Habits in School and University

ABSTRACT— Early morning school schedules are in the opposite direction to the sleep–wake cycle in adolescence and early adulthood. This conflict leads to sleep deprivation and irregular patterns whose consequences are scarcely explored. This article discusses the effects of three educational experiences with high school students, parents, teachers, and medical students. The first experience was developed with high school students in Natal, Brazil, to determine whether sleep habits would improve with increased awareness. Positive effects were observed in some aspects of sleep knowledge and practices. In the second experience in Atlanta, GA, sleep education activities were presented to middle and high school teachers, parents, and students to emphasize the importance of sleep. In the third program in Murcia, Spain, undergraduate medical students were introduced to chronobiology of sleep by a practical exercise that pointed out to what extent they shared most of adolescent sleep characteristics. Educational chronobiological experiences about sleep are essential to develop healthy sleep habits in the general population, particularly in students.     

The Prestige of the High School as Viewed by Parents

Rather than being an inherent attribute of the school, prestige is conceived as attribute conferred upon the school by the public. The present research sought to explore the factors that contribute to the prestige of high schools, in the view of parents. Data were obtained from 465 parents of 9th and 11th graders attending 18 state‐secular junior and senior high schools. Educational attainment was found to be the prime correlate of school prestige, followed by—in descending order—the quality of teachers, students, parents, school policies, climate, management, and physical facilities. Although factors intrinsic to education proper were found to be the prime source of attribution of prestige to schools, certain parents subgroups were identified for whom prestige was related primarily to extrinsic features. A ‘halo effect’ was indicated demonstrating the reliance of prestige attribution on stereotyped perception. The findings of this pilot study are discussed and suggestions for further research are outlined.     

论高校人事管理的新理念及机制

我国高等学校人事管理的改革应借鉴现代企业管理的新理念和新机制,树立人本管理的思想,体现高校对教师和学生的尊重;完善绩效考评机制,促进高校与教师之间的有效交流;应用和完善薪酬管理机制,激励教师工作的热情,以增强学校的办学活力。     

山西省中小学家校合作现状研究

研究者对山西省11个市的中小学校长、教师、家长、学生进行了家校合作现状的抽样调查。研究结果显示,家长、教师、学校都有家校合作的意愿,学校最为积极,学生也反应强烈,但家长反映一般;家校合作的形式多样。目前中小学家校合作中存在的问题主要有:合作的形式多样,但内容单一;家校合作缺乏常设组织机构和组织章程;家校之间互动较少。     

学校发展规划实施与评估:西部五省的经验

相对于中国现有的中小学学校管理模式来说,学校发展规划(SDP)是一种新的学校管理理念与实践."西发项目"在西部五省项目校推行了SDP理念及其制定与实施,其对校长、教师、学生、社区、家长与学校管理产生了什么影响呢?本研究采用问卷调查与田野调查的方法收集资料,来评估SDP对学校利益相关者所产生的影响.研究分析发现,SDP对项目学校的管理理念和行动产生了影响,也激起了家长与社区参与学校管理的想法与行动.个案分析发现SDP本土化的推行具有与资源捆绑的倾向,利益相关者更多的看重SDP所能带来的利益,而不强调其观念的变革.现行的政府教育行政管理模式在很大程度上影响了SDP的执行.     

Teacher empowerment and developing a curricular management system in municipal schools using cooperation between university and municipality in Thailand

This participatory action research project responded to the needs for educational reform and involved cooperation between Mahasarakham Municipality, which provided primary school education, and the Faculty of Education at Mahasarakham University, which played a role as academic mentor. The project aimed to improve the quality of education management by empowering teachers. In order to do so the school had to admit restricted opportunity students rather than well qualified ones. The project, which was divided into four phases, took place between 2000 and 2005. It studied collaboration between the teaching staff of the Faculty of Education who worked as academic mentors and a group of 160 teachers at seven municipal schools. In Phase 1 the emphasis was on the development of 40 model teachers from these seven schools, giving them the skills to design curricula, promote learner-centred instruction, and undertake classroom action research for problem solving. In Phase 2 this developmental activity was extended to all 160 teachers. In Phase 3 the emphasis was on the extension of teacher networks to exchange learning among these schools and to develop best practices. In Phase 4 the emphasis was on developing the curricular management system in each school to ensure and enhance quality and in order that teachers could meet national teaching standards. This would promote a positive attitude and enhance the confidence of the parents and the community in the schools because the teachers would be as qualified as those from successful government schools. The interventions used in the four phases were: workshop training, coaching, learning exchanges, clinical supervisory visits, and reflection. The results of the research and development had a positive impact on raising the quality of teaching and the curriculum in the schools and promoted educational opportunities for disadvantaged students.     

学校心理综合素质测评指导系统研究

学校心理综合素质测评指导系统是在"全人教育"理论背景下研究开发的以诊断为手段,以指导为目的的综合素质测试系统,它能对学生、家长、教师的心理、品质、知识和技能等素质进行全面科学的分析、诊断和指导.这一系统的效度和信度均达到科学要求和国内领先水平,其开发具有挑战性和创新性.