跨功能单位合作、新产品创新性与上市速度的实证研究——以中国科技型企业为背景的调节效应模型

随着科学技术的迅猛发展和外部市场竞争的日趋激烈,有关组织内跨功能单位合作的理论研究与实践活动得到了极大的关注。以中国科技型企业为研究对象,对跨功能单位合作及其对新产品创新性和上市速度的影响进行了研究,剖析了知识整合机制和高管参与在上述影响中可能扮演的调节作用。研究结果表明:(1)跨功能单位合作对新产品创新性和上市速度均有显著的直接影响;(2)知识整合机制对跨功能单位合作与结果变量(新产品创新性和上市速度)的影响关系起积极调节作用;(3)高管参与对跨功能单位合作与结果变量(新产品创新性和上市速度)的影响关系起积极调节作用。     

Optimal nonuniform distributed networks

Techniques developed in the Sturm—Liouville problem and its Inverse problem are well known in solving the analysis and synthesis problems of non-uniform distributed networks (or NUDN) (1)-(6), (15). However, very few practical results have been obtained from the theory, especially as regards the synthesis part of the problem. In this paper, we show that the chain matrix of an inhomogeneous ladder network (or IHLN) of N sections has undergone exactly the limit process of first-order difference equation approximation of the corresponding differential equation converges to the chain matrix of the corresponding NUDN uniformly on every compact subset of p = z(s)y(s) plane. Therefore an optimal NUDN is proven to be either symmetrical or antimetrical (7). Specifically, a class of optimal NUDN which is optimal on every subinterval of [O,L] has closed-form solutions, and is proven to be both symmetrical and antimetrical.     

科技型中小企业的知识产权投融资风险管理

给出科技型中小企业利用其知识产权投融资时的风险管理系统。主要分成风险识别、风险评估、风险分析以及风险控制四个阶段。对科技型中小企业利用知识产权投融资风险进行识别分类,列出风险清单。提出了层次分析法与模糊评价法相结合的风险评估与风险分析方法,并确定风险之间的关系。最后针对科技型中小企业知识产权投融资的不同风险提出相应的管理控制方法。并引入某软件企业智能交通系统这一知识产权投融资案例,实证分析科技型中小企业知识产权投融资风险管理系统。     

论图书馆学研究由“学理性”向“技术性”范式的转换

图书馆学由"学理性范式"向"技术性范式"的转换,尤其是"技术性范式"对"学理性范式"几乎全面的取而代之,给图书馆学的存在与发展带来了一定的危机。在这种情况下我们应该如何从哲学的意义和角度来看待图书馆学的范式转换?由此出发,我们该如何认识与理解图书馆和图书馆学自身的状况?而且对图书馆学的认识与理解的一元论和多元论到底是怎么样的?文章主要论述4个问题:"学理性"一直是图书馆学最主要的研究范式之一、"技术性"范式不可阻挡的席卷而来;但仍留有空间有待补充、在"技术性"范式中如何"学理性"范式的理解;图书馆学究竟是什么以及理性多元论的图书馆学;图书馆学做什么和图书馆学怎么做。     

Parameter identification of a class of time-varying systems via orthogonal shifted legendre polynomials

A method of using orthogonal shifted Legendre polynomials for identifying the parameters of a process whose behaviour can be modelled by a linear differential equation with time-varying coefficients in the form of finite-order polynomials is presented. It is based on the repeated integration of the differential equation and the representations of $\text{∫}\text{0}\text{t}$s(τ) dτ = Ps(t) and ts(t) = Rs(t), where P and R are constant matrices and s(t) is a shifted Legendre vector whose elements are shifted Legendre polynomials. The differential input-output equation is converted into a set of overdetermined linear algebraic equations for a least squares solution. The results of simulation studies are included to illustrate the applicability of the method.     

派系及联络企业的创新能力评价

近年来，随着企业间结盟方式逐渐趋于多元化，企业个体间竞争的模式正在向基于派系间竞争模式转化。本研究基于社会网络的理论，以中国9个高新技术行业2010-2015年联盟创新网络的数据为样本，对联盟网络中的派系类别及派系间联络企业对企业创新能力的影响进行研究。结果发现，目前中国的高新技术产业派系林立程度较大，跨派系融合度较低；研发优势派系、契约式派系及纯商业型派系对企业的创新能力产生显著的正向影响；派系间联络企业负向调节纯商业型派系对企业创新能力的影响。本研究对企业进行派系的选择及派系关系的管理具有重要的理论及现实指导意义。     

Backstepping-based decentralized bounded-H∞ adaptive neural control for a class of large-scale stochastic nonlinear systems

In this paper, a novel decentralized adaptive neural control approach based on the backstepping technique is proposed to design a decentralized H_∞ adaptive neural controller for a class of stochastic large-scale nonlinear systems with external disturbances and unknown nonlinear functions. RBF neural networks are utilized to approximate the packaged unknown nonlinearities. A novel concept with regard to bounded-H_∞ performance is proposed. It can be applied to solve an H_∞ control problem for a class of stochastic nonlinear systems. The constant terms appeared in stability analysis are dealt with by using Gronwall inequality, so that H_∞ performance criterion is satisfied. The assumption that the approximation errors of neural networks must be square-integrable in some literature can be eliminated. The design process for decentralized bounded-H_∞ controllers is given. The proposed control scheme guarantees that all the signals in the resulting closed-loop large-scale system are uniformly ultimately bounded in probability, and each subsystem possesses disturbance attenuation performance for external disturbances. Finally, the simulation results are provided to illustrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed approach.     

行为财务理论的发展及其运用

行为财务是财务学吸收了心理学、历史学和社会学等知识发展起来的一个新的研究范式,是行为科学与财务学相结合形成的边缘学科。它建立在期望理论基础之上,拓展和延伸了现代财务理论。介绍了行为财务理论的产生背景、理论基础和理论模型,并与现代财务理论进行了比较,最后提出了它的运用范围。     

知识管理研究范式的整合与发展:基于复杂科学管理理论的视角

当今知识管理研究领域存在着信息技术和组织管理的范式.这种二元对立的范式不利于研究者的交流与沟通,阻碍了知识管理研究的进一步深入发展,应当加以整合.在全面论述知识管理复杂性的基础上,引入复杂科学管理理论,提出整合知识管理研究范式的思路与设想.新范式将知识管理看作一个复杂自适应系统,以复杂科学管理的基本理论为支撑,整合人、组织、管理和技术四大要素,运用综合集成的方法,为知识管理的研究构建统一的规范和科学交流平台,从而有效解决了二元范式对立所带来的障碍,推动知识管理研究的深入发展.     

北京市银行业科技金融业务支持科技创新的研究——基于TVP-VAR模型的实证检验

科技与金融是我国发展自主创新道路的“双轮驱动”因素，厘清科技金融对科技创新的影响机制至关重要。在梳理北京市银行业科技金融业务与科技创新发展现状的基础上，采用TVP-VAR模型,从动态的角度研究科技金融与科技创新之间的联动关系。研究结果表明:两者之间存在非对称性特征，科技金融对科技创新的促进作用存在长期滞后效应；同时，科技金融对科技创新存在短期显著正向响应，但是在长期中出现明显的抑制作用。故而，在经济发展新常态时期，北京市政府应积极推进科技金融发展，通过提高金融效率助力科技成果资本化，进而驱动科技创新的持续稳定增长。     

The rise and fall of network stars: Analyzing 2.5 million graphs to reveal how high-degree vertices emerge over time

Trends change rapidly in today’s world, prompting this key question: What is the mechanism behind the emergence of new trends? By representing real-world dynamic systems as complex networks, the emergence of new trends can be symbolized by vertices that “shine.” That is, at a specific time interval in a network’s life, certain vertices become increasingly connected to other vertices. This process creates new high-degree vertices, i.e., network stars. Thus, to study trends, we must look at how networks evolve over time and determine how the stars behave. In our research, we constructed the largest publicly available network evolution dataset to date, which contains 38,000 real-world networks and 2.5 million graphs. Then, we performed the first precise wide-scale analysis of the evolution of networks with various scales. Three primary observations resulted: (a) links are most prevalent among vertices that join a network at a similar time; (b) the rate that new vertices join a network is a central factor in molding a network’s topology; and (c) the emergence of network stars (high-degree vertices) is correlated with fast-growing networks. We applied our learnings to develop a flexible network-generation model based on large-scale, real-world data. This model gives a better understanding of how stars rise and fall within networks, and is applicable to dynamic systems both in nature and society.Multimedia Links▶ Video ▶ Interactive Data Visualization ▶ Data ▶ Code Tutorials     

高校图书馆管理的创新研究

混沌理论是关于非线性系统的一门新兴科学,混沌理论的兴起颠覆了经典理论的基本假设,其世界观和方法论震撼了整个学术界.管理领域受混沌理论影响,产生了许多有价值的理念和方法.本文从混沌理论的核心概念出发,并根据高校图书馆管理系统的混沌特性,探讨了混沌理论指导下的高校图书馆管理新思维.     

An application of homomorphic deconvolution to the tomographic restoration of radiographs

This paper derives an optimal homomorphic tomographic filter, to restore tomographic images of blurred radiographs, by taking into account the noise contributed by the other layers. The method is based on the homomorphic deconvolution technique, which is well-known for its performance in image restoration. A computer simulation of the procedure is presented. The results are compared with those obtained by using inverse filtering (3, IEEE Trans on Medical Imaging, Vol. 2, pp. 89–102, 1983) and Wiener filtering (4, Proc. Digitech '84). The paper shows that homomorphic filtering is a suitable and often preferable technique for the tomographic filtering of radiographs.     

信息化背景下横琴新区科技金融服务渠道创新研究

随着科技金融活动的多样化,市场对科技金融服务的需求也日趋多元化,在信息技术、互联网快速发展的今天,如何对科技金融的传统服务渠道进行创新显得尤为重要。通过对珠海和横琴新区科技金融服务现状的分析,构建金融服务信息化渠道模型,提出信息化背景下横琴新区科技金融渠道的创新策略,为横琴新区科技创新与科技金融服务的协同发展提供决策依据。     

Essential gyrators and equivalence rules for 3-port function structures

It is shown that a theorem on essential gyrators presented by Rosenberg (1) and used in (2) claims too much and that the internal structure of the multiport elements of the system must be studied in order to be able to decide whether a gyrator is essentially contained in the system or not. Bond graph terminology is used (3)—(6) and a new theorem is formulated, which provides an algorithm to decide on the essentiality of a gyrator by immediate inspection of the bond graph.As a side-result of this approach some new methods for junction structure simplification can be formulated. The significance of junction 3-ports for the concept of the essential gyrator is elaborated by providing equivalence rules for all kinds of junction 3-ports and introducing a unit essential junction 3-port (ES) and a unit non-essential junction 3-port (NES). Finally the hydraulic junction is treated as an example of a physical non-potential junction, i.e. a junction congruent with an ES.     

Biotechnology as a new techno-economic paradigm that will help drive the world economy and mitigate climate change

A techno-economic paradigm embraces a whole constellation of technically and economically interrelated innovations and influences most industries and an entire phase of economic development. Its full potential to drive and shape economic growth can only be realized after far-reaching reforms have been made in the “socio-institutional frameworks” of major economies and the world economy. In close association with ICT, biotechnology – or the trio of biotechnologies: red (biomedicine), green (plant breeding) and white (industrial) – is now capable of such a role, although the necessary reforms remain to be made. This paper shows how far and in what sense it has reached technological maturity, and what “mismatches” between it and the socio-institutional framework are obstructing its further development and diffusion. It argues that biotechnology (green and white) is needed to play a key role in the struggle against climate change – which in turn can be expected to draw out its potential.     

Effects of a magnetic field on the free convective flow through a porous medium bounded by an infinite vertical porous plate with constant heat flux

This paper investigates the effects of a magnetic field on the free convective flow of a viscous, incompressible, dissipative fluid through a porous medium, occupying a semi-infinite region of the space bounded by an infinite vertical and porous plate. The plate is subjected to a normal suction velocity and the heat flux at the plate is constant. The magnetic field is of uniform strength and is applied perpendicular to the plate. An analytical solution to the problem is obtained. The influence of the magnetic parameter (M) and permeability parameter (K) is discussed for the case of air (P = 0.71) when the plate is subjected to a constant suction velocity and is being cooled by free convection currents.     

Funding system reform for excellence in science: an interview with Jinghai Li,President of NSFC

The National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) is the major funding agency for China''s basic research in natural science. The total budget for NSFC was 26.7 billion Yuan (RMB) in 2017, accounting for 27% of China''s total investment in basic research. In the past decades, continuous increases in the National Natural Science Fund and other funding programs provided strong support for the rapid growth in China''s science and technology (S&T). In the second half of 2018, NSFC unveiled a deep reform plan that aims to build a fair, efficient and standardized new funding system that meets the demands of excellence in science in the twenty-first century in 5–10 years. Why did NSFC propose this reform? What are the major tasks of this reform? And how would NSFC implement this reform? All-in-all, this reform would not only have profound effect on S&T in China but also matters the world for the global collaborative efforts for the science. Recently, National Science Review had an exclusive interview with Jinghai Li, President of NSFC and Academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, to learn his views and perspectives of the future of NSFC.     

科技金融发展能够提高中国经济增长质量吗?——基于空间杜宾模型的实证研究

近年来,中国经济增长速度放缓,过往低效率的经济增长模式已经无法持续,改善经济发展模式,提高经济发展质量已经成为当今中国亟需解决的关键。一般而言,依赖要素推动的经济增长会带来一定的负面影响,但是依靠技术进步的经济增长会并不会带来负面影响,反而会更好的提高人民的生活水平。因此,提高经济增长的质量主要依靠技术的进步。科技金融是科技与金融的有机结合,是一种产业金融,能够有效的提高金融企业优化资源配置的能力,从而有利于技术的进步,不仅如此,科技金融的发展还会为当地的企业融资支持其技术研发,还会搜索好的项目,支持其他地区的技术研发,因而科技金融的发展还具有一定的空间外溢性。在这一理论分析的基础之上,本文利用空间杜宾模型实证检验了科技金融发展对经济增长质量以及可能存在得空间影响,实证结果表明,科技金融不仅能够促进本地的经济增长质量提高,还有利于其他地区的经济增长质量；当地的经济增长质量水平提高还能提高其他地区的经济增长质量。     

Mapping the mix: Linking instruments,settings and target groups in the study of policy mixes

This article proposes the extension of a conceptual framework aimed at analysing policy mixes and their outcomes and demonstrates its value added for the study of sustainability transitions. The argument is that policy mixes research should not focus only on the form of policy instruments, but also on their implementation context. Policy mix form designates the specific policy instruments that are involved according to a policy strategy. Policy mix context includes the specific setting where each policy measure is implemented, such as enterprise or family. It also includes the specific target group of each measure, such as youth or smokers. We apply this conceptual framework to the policy concept and implementation of tobacco control policies in Switzerland, which are an exemplary case for analysing transitions as they are geared towards behavioural change. In a mixed method approach, we triangulate different sets of quantitative and qualitative indicators in order to assess the implementation of eleven subnational policy mixes. Our findings show that taking into account the moderating role of settings between policy instruments and target groups allows for a more in depth analysis of policy processes. Observing the interactions between the four elements policy instruments, policy strategy, the implementation settings and the target groups allows capturing the complexity of policy mixes, at the crossroads of policy design, policy implementation and policy outcomes. Taking implementation settings and target groups into account in the analysis of policy mixes allows for a refined understanding of policy compliance and thus, from a broader perspective, of sustainability transitions.