Two decades and little change: British Asians,football and calls for action

Only ten British Asian professional footballers are competing in England out of approximately 4000 despite there being a population of 3.6 million in England and Wales. Just six British Asian footballers between the ages of 16 to 18 years old were attached to the 72 Football League academies in 2009 out of over 1300 players. There is only one British Asian coach out of the 522 senior football coaches in England. These figures speak volumes and are the reason why academics, campaign groups and key stakeholders have investigated, and attempted to combat, the British Asian football exclusion. This work will offer a detailed academic review of over 20 years of research in this field before adding new empirical data. It critically analyses several reform strategies that have been created by key stakeholders. Finally, I will present various recommendations for reform which are borne out of a decade of primary research.     

媒体的“互动联动”与足球产业化

足球的存在不依赖于媒体，但商业足球的存在和发展依赖于媒体，商业足球的长足发展和巨大成功更是依赖于媒体之间的互动、联动。注意力经济时代，如果没有电视、电脑、报刊三种信息载具的介入及互相配合，以各自的媒介特性吸引并留住各自收“视”行为习惯的一群人，就不会有今天繁荣的足球产业。媒体之间互动联动，合力将足球营造为社会时尚，成就了作为世界名人的球星。可以说，正是媒体为吸引受众而形成的互动与联动之势，成就了今天万众嘱目的足球产业。     

媒体的"互动联动"与足球产业化

足球的存在不依赖于媒体,但商业足球的存在和发展依赖于媒体,商业足球的长足发展和巨大成功更是依赖于媒体之间的互动、联动.注意力经济时代,如果没有电视、电脑、报刊三种信息载具的介入及互相配合,以各自的媒介特性吸引并留住各自收"视"行为习惯的一群人,就不会有今天繁荣的足球产业.媒体之间互动联动,合力将足球营造为社会时尚,成就了作为世界名人的球星.可以说,正是媒体为吸引受众而形成的互动与联动之势,成就了今天万众嘱目的足球产业.     

我国足球产业的形成与发展策略

通过对我国足球产业发展现状的分析,结合我国足球产业发展的历史与现实环境,指出了中国足球产业发展存在的主要问题,并提出了对策：使职业足球俱乐部具有产权清晰的投资机制;提高足球竞赛表演质量;无形资产的开发利用应成为俱乐部主要的经营内容;构建职业足球俱乐部管理体系;形成政俱分开的管理机制.     

从资本运营角度看中国足球产业发展

从资本运营的角度分析中国足球产业资本运营的内涵及其特征,阐明资本运营是中国足球产业化的关键。从宏观方面说明中国足球产业资本运营应该呈现多元化发展;从微观方面论述了中国足球产业资本运营当务之急是降低投资风险。     

Integration or resistance: the influx of foreign capital in British football in the transnational age

As one of the most commercialized and popular football leagues in the world, English Premiership League (Henthforce EPL) has witnessed the massive foreign capital influx since Abravomich’s significant takeover of Chelsea in 2003. British local football community traditionally has strong sense of ‘locality’ with the long history of their clubs. In the globalization context, some local fans embrace foreign capital ownership while some of them resist it. This article establishes an analytical framework to detect the causal relationship between the possible independent variables and local community reaction. Through case studies and critical discussion, this article concludes that club administration is the major determinant of local community reaction. On-pitch performance and club tradition play as second-major determinants explaining local community reaction. This article asserts while the modern neo-liberalism is prevalent in this traditional league and an overwhelming force in the context globalization. Historical local tradition, however, still takes an important role in EPL and has not been fully objected to global capital.     

论足球运动员足球意识的培养

培养是球运动员的足球意识是提高足球运动竞技水平的关键,本文着重探讨了足球运动员足球意识的培养并对 技战术训练和意志品质的训练方法进行了讨论,提出切实可行的实施方案.     

European football clubs and football betting among the youths in Nigeria

European football clubs are very popular social realities in Nigeria. Their existence and activities shape social relations, process and outcomes of well-being as well as socio-economic and policy orthodoxies. Unfortunately, social trajectories of well-being, economic ramifications and policies remain poorly understood in Nigeria. What some people are aware of is the popularity of the clubs and not the intensification of associated implications and policy remits in existential environments of their social spaces. This is particularly important as the domains of European football clubs’ presence in developing countries, especially Nigeria, are largely nascent and haphazard. Against this background, this article examined the phenomenon of football betting as an ancillary of European football clubs’ presence among the youths in Nigeria. This article makes important contribution to understanding of ways European football identities are interlinked to the increased popularity of betting syndicates especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. Research questions engaged include; what is the pattern involved in football betting among the youths? What are the factors facilitating football betting among the youths and What are the perceived developmental implications relative to well-being and social health in Nigeria? The Social Exchange theoretical tradition was adopted as theoretical framework. Data collection triangulated quantitative method (questionnaires) and qualitative methods. Relevant findings were made and valid conclusions were reached and presented in this article.     

Ending traditions: football and the study of football in the 1990s

John Williams and Stephen Wagg (eds.), British Football and Social Change: Getting into Europe (Leicester: Leicester University Press, 1991). Pp.258. £13.99 (paper). ISBN 0–7185–1410–6.

Steve Redhead (ed.), The Passion and the Fashion: Football Fandom in the New Europe (Aldershot: Arena, 1993). Pp.205. £29.95 (cloth) and £12.95 (paper). ISBN 1–85628–462‐X; 1–85628–464–6.

Alex Fynn and Lynton Guest, Out of Time: Why Football isn't Working (London: Simon and Schuster Pocket Books, revised edition, 1994). Pp.xiii + 400. £5.99 (paper). ISBN 0–671–85087–3.

John Sugden and Alan Tomlinson (eds.), Hosts and Champions: Soccer Cultures, National Identities and the USA World Cup (Aldershot: Arena, 1994). Pp.323. £35.00 (cloth); £14.95 (paper). ISBN 1–85742–227–9; 1–85742–228–7.

Richard Giulianotti and John Williams (eds.), Game Without Frontiers: Football Identity and Modernity (Aldershot: Arena, 1994). Pp.381 £35.00 (cloth); £14.95 (paper). ISBN 1–85742–219–8, 1–85742–220–1.

Richard Haynes, The Football Imagination: The Rise of Football Fanzine Culture (Aldershot: Arena, 1995). Pp.xi + 169. £29.95 (cloth); £12.95 (paper). ISBN 1–85742–212–0; 1–85742–213–9     

Jersey sponsors in football/soccer: the industry classification of main jersey sponsors of 1147 football/soccer clubs in top leagues of 79 countries

The growing popularity and developments in football/soccer have affected the football/soccer industry dramatically. The popularity and developments have increased the interest of companies in the last two or three decades. Companies have started to invest and become a sponsor of football/soccer clubs. Jersey sponsorship has emerged as a result of the increasing interest and investments. Nowadays, the jersey sponsorship is popular and has become an important type of revenue source for football/soccer clubs. As a result of popularity of jersey sponsorship, jersey sponsors must be investigated and analysed. This paper deals with the industry classification of the main jersey sponsors which have names and logos on the front of the football/soccer clubs home jerseys. A total of 1147 football/soccer clubs in 79 countries top leagues, as of 31 December 2012, have been investigated. The Industry Classification Benchmark is used to classify the industries of the main jersey sponsors of football/soccer clubs.     

Alcohol and football

The use of alcohol is often intimately associated with sport, and the association is particularly strong in football. As well as providing a source of energy, alcohol (ethanol) has metabolic, cardiovascular, thermoregulatory, and neuromuscular actions that may affect exercise performance. Its actions on the central nervous system, however, result in decrements in skill and behavioural changes that may have adverse effects on performance. There is also evidence of dose-dependent decrements in aerobic capacity. Although the mechanisms are not well understood, the aftermath of alcohol use (hangover) may also adversely affect performance for many hours after intoxication. Alcohol intoxication may adversely affect the player's dietary choices by displacing carbohydrate from the diet at a time when restoration of glycogen stores should be a priority.     

Science and football: a review of applied research in the football codes

Over the last two decades there has been a growth in research directly related to football. Although most of this research is focused on soccer (association football), there has been a steady increase in publications related to the other football codes. There is evidence of more systematic training and selection influencing the anthropometric profiles of players who compete at the highest level. Fitness is being optimized to cope with match demands while accommodating the need for specific requirements of positional roles. There is evidence of work rate being higher in contemporary football games than in previous decades, with consequences for training and dietary practices. Notation analysis of actions during matches is now used regularly to provide detailed objective feedback on performance to players and coaches. Training regimens are designed for game-specific purposes where possible. Sports psychologists working in a football context have a more eclectic body of knowledge to draw from. In the professional soccer clubs, the rewards associated with a successful investment in youth academies have helped to focus attention on talent identification and development models. It is a challenge to those specializing in science and football to contribute to the success of such schemes.     

Sport, physical activity and social exclusion

This paper is a brief review of the concept of social exclusion and its evolution. I address which individuals are excluded from sport and physical activity and how; link inclusion policies to the 'cross-cutting issues' and the idea of social capital; and outline the intervention policies being adopted in the new sport strategy 'Game Plan' (). I address the link between transport, exercise and health in a case study. Since these policies are new, research and evaluation has been short term and scattered, and outcome measurements have not yet received academic or professional consensus, it is too soon to say for sure what works or even to confirm what is best practice.     

Sport,physical activity and social exclusion

This paper is a brief review of the concept of social exclusion and its evolution. I address which individuals are excluded from sport and physical activity and how; link inclusion policies to the ‘cross-cutting issues’ and the idea of social capital; and outline the intervention policies being adopted in the new sport strategy ‘Game Plan’ (Department of Culture, Media and Sport, ). I address the link between transport, exercise and health in a case study. Since these policies are new, research and evaluation has been short term and scattered, and outcome measurements have not yet received academic or professional consensus, it is too soon to say for sure what works or even to confirm what is best practice.