高速公路事件实时响应层次决策支持系统(英文)

应用人工智能技术产生高速公路事件响应预案,提出了基于规则推理、案例推理和贝叶斯网络推理3种方法的事件响应框架. 首先, 建立了基于规则推理的高速公路事件管理系统(RK-IMS), 并应用于宁连高速公路北段事件管理过程中. 然后, 通过分析RK-IMS系统2年的运营数据, 确定了事件案例的结构表示与事件响应的贝叶斯网络结构. 最后, 应用k近邻算法计算相似性案例, 并研究了基于该算法的预案产生和控制策略. 利用2006年RK-IMS事件管理系统的实际数据对模型进行了验证. 对比分析结果表明, 该方法是有效可信的.     

中国大学生英语写作中的逻辑谬误分析

作者结合大学英语高级写作的教学经验,对大学三年级学生的一篇英语作文中出现的逻辑谬误进行分类和分析,指出逻辑谬误作为写作中的言外错误极大影响作文的说服力,大学英语写作教学中应加强培养学生的逻辑推理能力。     

Revisiting Peirce’s account of scientific creativity to inform classroom practice

Abstract

Peirce made repeated attempts to clarify what he understood as abduction or creative reasoning in scientific discoveries. In this article, we draw on past and recent scholarship on Peirce’s later accounts of abduction to put a case for how teachers can apply his ideas productively to elicit and guide student creative reasoning in the science classroom. We focus on (a) his rationale for abduction, (b) conditions he recognised as necessary to support this speculative reasoning, (c) pragmatic strategies to guide inquiry and test conjectural hypotheses, and (d) his growing recognition of creative dimensions to reasoning beyond abductive inference-making. We illustrate this case through examples of a guided inquiry approach to student claim-making in the science classroom.     

科学写作:科学教育之有效路径

科学写作可以帮助教师了解学生原有的科学知识经验,引发认知过程、提高认知效率,促进前概念向科学概念发展,提升科学推理能力,是科学教育的有效路径。科学写作过程由计划、转换和检查构成,具有循环、交互性。任务环境和作者的长时记忆对科学写作亦有影响。在实际教学中,教师可以根据科学写作的内在认知过程及外在影响因素予以针对性指导。     

基于贝叶斯网络的数据挖掘技术

从海量数据中挖掘有用的信息为高层的决策支持和分析预测服务,已成为网络时代人们对信息系统提出的新的需求,但我们发现数据处理和数据的提炼技术是匮乏的。起源于贝叶斯统计学的贝叶斯网络以其独特的不确定性知识表达形式、丰富的概率表达能力、综合先验知识的增量学习方法等特性表示了客体的概率分布和因果联系,成为当前数据挖掘众多方法中最为引人注目的焦点之一。本文首先对贝叶斯网络、贝叶斯网络推理和贝叶斯网络学习进行综合性的阐述,然后讨论其在数据挖掘中的应用和优势。     

贝叶斯网络研究综述

贝叶斯网络将概率理论和图论相结合,为解决不确定性问题提供了一种自然而直观的方法．近年来,贝叶斯网络已成为国内外智能数据处理的研究热点之一,被广泛应用于专家系统、决策支持、模式识别,机器学习和数据挖掘等领域．综述了贝叶斯网络的典型推理和学习算法,并对其进一步的研究方向进行了展望．     

Fostering scientific reasoning in education – meta-analytic evidence from intervention studies

Scientific reasoning skills are not just for researchers, they are also increasingly relevant for making informed decisions in our everyday lives. How can these skills be facilitated? The current state of research on supporting scientific reasoning includes intervention studies but lacks an integrated analysis of the approaches to foster scientific reasoning in primary through secondary education. This meta-analysis evaluates effect sizes taken from 30 interventions in experimental and quasi-experimental studies and shows a medium mean effect of interventions on scientific reasoning. Interventions successfully facilitate scientific discovery, scientific argumentation, or nature of science in all age groups. Moderator analyses show that interventions set in constructive and interactive learning activities yield positive effects but do not differ substantially. Although the meta-analysis is limited by the number of studies included, we can conclude that scientific reasoning can successfully be facilitated and we show which characteristics are beneficial in educational interventions.     

The Impact of an Engineering Design Curriculum on Science Reasoning in an Urban Setting

This study examines the use of engineering design to facilitate science reasoning in high-needs, urban classrooms. The Design for Science unit utilizes scaffolds consistent with reform science instruction to assist students in constructing a design solution to satisfy a need from their everyday lives. This provides a meaningful context in which students could reason scientifically. Eighth grade students from two urban schools participated in the unit. Both schools contained large percentages of racial/ethnic minority and economically disadvantaged students. Students demonstrated statistically significant improvement on a paper-and-pencil, multiple-choice pre and post assessment. The results compare favorably with both a high-quality inquiry science unit and a traditional textbook curriculum. Implications for the use of design-based curricula as a viable alternative for teaching science reasoning in high-needs, urban settings are discussed.

试论加强教育组织风险管理

在中国社会转型时期,教育组织环境发生了巨大变化,各种不确定因素随时存在,教育组织风险凸现。现代教育组织应关注风险,采取科学方法减少风险损失和影响;应树立科学的风险管理新理念,视风险损失为获得机遇和收益的必要代价。     

Gaps in the Decision-Making System at Makerere University,Uganda

ABSTRACT

The world over, drastic transformation of higher education systems is presenting universities with significant opportunities and challenges. Accordingly, universities need highly effective decision-making systems through which they can adopt the decisions they need to reap the opportunities whilst avoiding the challenges associated with transformation. At Makerere University (MU), Uganda, however, decision-making is ineffective, which is affecting the university’s ability to respond to the opportunities and challenges its transformed environment is presenting. Informed by the propositions of Systems Theory as they apply to organisational decision-making, therefore, decision-makers’ perceptions of the university’s decision-making process were surveyed to ascertain whether there is cooperation, hierarchy, order and feedback among the units involved in the process. It was found that although the process is hierarchical, it is marred by uncooperativeness, disorder and poor feedback mechanisms. To enhance decision success, therefore, MU is urged to review its decision-making process to ensure that the units involved therein operate synergistically.     

Constructivist Science Teaching: Intellectual and Strategic Teaching Acts

This paper attempts to provide some productive starting points for discussion in the context of science teaching. Embedded in the current practice of methodologies such as messing about, hands-on, minds-on activities, science-technology-society related approaches, and inquiry-based learning, is often a sense of confusion and frustration. Such current methodologies in elementary science teaching are founded on constructivist learning theory. This paper attempts to pinpoint possible ways in which this child-centered, interactive learning theory can lead to confusion for students and teachers alike. It attempts to distinguish the necessary criteria for successful science teaching from much of today's practice in the elementary school science class. It does not attempt to draw conclusions on the reasons behind some of the practices.     

进口科教用品的法律风险识别与应对策略

针对进口科教用品价值较高、购销链长的特点,分析了法律风险管理在进口科教用品工作中的现实意义,参照国家相关法律法规和审批制度,结合实践经验,探讨了进口科教用品的法律风险识别与有效应对策略。     

科学教育视角下星级高中理科实验室的建设与管理

以国内外科学教育的大环境为背景,揭示了科学教育视角下星级高中理科实验室的特征,并提出了一些具体的建设与管理思路,如理科实验室科学教育功能的拓展和实验教学评价的研究等。新型实验室的建设与管理,将促进教师的发展与学生的成长,重视每一个学生在实验教学中的个性化反应。它不仅关注实验教学的结果,还关注学生在实验过程中的体验。     

提升职业教育吸引力对策研究——基于福斯特职业学校谬误论的思考

党和国家一直高度重视职业教育工作,随着经济的发展和产业结构的调整,职业教育面临着新的发展机遇,同时也面临着更大的挑战。职业教育吸引力不足问题成为制约职业教育发展的关键性因素。如何提升职业教育吸引力问题是教育界乃至社会各界关注的热点问题,学校形态的职业教育是职业教育的母体,著名学者福斯特的职业学校谬误观点在学界获得了广泛的认同,基于此观点思考提升职业教育吸引力的对策,有助于职业教育的可持续发展。     

国外“社会性科学议题”课程及其研究综述

国外社会性科学议题(SSI)课程近年来在西方科学教育中受到广泛重视,它被认为是解决学生应用科学知识、理解科学本质、形成正确的科学观、培养参与社会决策能力以及道德伦理发展的有效途径。本文介绍了SSI课题的研究背景、研究现状及课程结构和实施模式等。     

论制定职业教育经营战略的理论基础

科学合理的经营战略是职业教育顺利发展的关键,在制定职业教育经营战略的过程中,需要以职业教育学、教育经济学、经济学和管理学等多学科的基本理论作为理论基础.     

计算机辅助刀具选用系统

传统的刀具选用方法存在着工作效率低,受工艺人员的经验和主观影响大,导致选用工作重复繁琐,质量参差不齐等问题。这里提出了计算机辅助刀具选用系统的构想,并简述了实现的关键技术,使得刀具的选用质量不再完全取决于工艺经验的多少。