生态取向下小学科学教师专业发展的环境构建

当前,小学科学教师的专业发展问题日益引起人们的重视,但其赖以生存的环境却令人担忧,并不能促进小学科学教师的专业发展,为小学科学教师构建一个适合其生存发展的环境势在必行。本文借助生态学的观点,从学校外部生态环境、校园内部生态环境、教师群体生态环境以及课堂生态环境四个层次出发,来构建促进小学科学教师专业发展的环境,以期加快我国小学科学教师专业发展的进程。     

发展教师专业能力 提升教师职业尊严

教师的职业认同感、职业自豪感、职业自信心、职业幸福感、创造性思维共同构成了教师职业尊严的内容,而这都需要教师专业能力的发展才能使其得到保障。教师专业能力是一种综合的能力整合,其发展有助于增强教师的职业认同感、重树教师的职业自豪感、奠定教师的职业自信心、收获教师的职业幸福感、激发教师的创造性思维。     

教师自我意识的生成与培养——兼论中小学教师培训的深层拓展与发展导向

从宏观层面上看,教师的自我意识涵盖着两层含义:生存的保障和发展的需要。教师培训主要是建立在三个维度上:理论补充和经验交流,职业闲暇和心灵舒展,认知个体和自我剖析。中小学教师培训的最终目的是实现教师自我意识的更新和重建,以教师自我意识的转变来更好地推动教育教学的改革和开展教书育人的活动。     

教师教育U-S合作中的中小学困境与出路

中小学具有丰富的教学情境资源,是培育教师专业素养的重要基地,所以教师教育需要大学(University)与中小学(School)合作(简称U-S合作)。但在U-S合作中,中小学的路径依赖、评价机制以及组织边界等制约着U-S合作实效,使中小学陷入合作困境。要想走出困境,需要突破中小学"应试教育"之路径依赖,消减其参与U-S合作的取向性障碍;完善中小学的绩效工资制度,激励中小学教师参与U-S合作;拓展和规范中小学组织边界,赋予中小学参与教师教育的法律义务。     

Sex differences in attitudes toward science among Northern Sotho speaking learners in South Africa

Abstract

Research shows that although most studies have explored the relationship between attitude and achievement in science only a few have been undertaken to reveal the nature of the relationship between affective variables and process outcomes in science. This study seeks to examine sex differences in attitude toward science among Northern Sotho speaking learners in South Africa. A random sample of 793 respondents (365 boys and 428 girls) in Grade 12 whose ages ranged from 17 to 24 years was selected from 27 schools out of 566 schools in Limpopo Province of South Africa. A questionnaire was administered to pupils during the Physical Science lessons and required almost 45 minutes to complete. The attitude scores of 365 boys and 428 girls were 3.2 (SD = 1.2) and 2.9 (SD = 1.3), respectively. A t-test indicated that the attitude score of boys was significantly higher than that of the girls (t 989 = 3.9, p<.01). Further, the correlation between sex and attitude towards science was .90 (p<.01). The coefficient of concomitance of .81 indicates that sex was associated with 81% of the variance in these attitudes. There is considerable evidence from the findings that males have more positive attitudes towards science than females.     

教研参与对小学道德与法治教师专业发展的影响研究

基于南京与无锡两市244名小学道德与法治教师的调查数据,使用多元线性回归分析方法,探讨教研参与对小学道德与法治教师专业发展的影响。结果表明:相比自主性参与,互动性参与对教师专业发展的影响更加显著;相比观摩式教研参与,承担公开课展示的主体式参与更能促进教师专业发展;相比在学科比赛中市级获奖,省级获奖对教师的专业发展影响并不显著;是否专职任教对教师专业发展的影响也并不显著。在此基础上,对促进小学道德与法治教师专业发展给出相关建议。     

新疆少数民族双语教学背景下的小学科学课程学习方式的调查与思考

文章基于对新疆南北疆八所小学的民语系3-6年级学生的调研,考察和分析了新疆少数民族双语教学背景下的小学科学学习方式的现状,并针对问题提出小学科学学习方式优化的建议。     

Teachers’ work and innovation in alternative schools

Toronto boasts a large and diverse system of public alternative schools: schools where democratic practices, student access and a commitment to public education are fundamental. There are academic schools; schools with thematically focused curricula; schools driven by social movement principles such as antiracism and global education; schools for students who do not thrive in mainstream schools; and schools with alternative scheduling and delivery practices for students who must work. The schools are small, supporting personalized relationships among teachers and students, with teacher-driven curricular programs that are responsive to student interests. Curricular innovation is made possible because alternative schools are only loosely coupled with the rest of the public education system, but they still must comply with school system regulations. This paper describes how teachers’ work and the structural elements of alternative schools support school-based innovation.     

WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF LEARNING SCIENCE? AN ANALYSIS OF POLICY AND PRACTICE IN THE PRIMARY SCHOOL

ABSTRACT:  The paper explores the current rationale for primary science in England with a focus on how competing perspectives arising from perceptions of educational ideology and policy discourse have helped to shape current practice. The aim will be to provide a conceptual understanding of this by focusing specifically on how policy has influenced practice. In particular it will consider the way in which discourse and policy text have contributed to the emergent rationale for primary science which in many ways reflects conflicting influences, views and policies. Data were collected over a year from a regional survey and from four case-study primary schools. The findings suggest that teachers in primary schools face tensions between promoting both an educational and a political rationale for learning primary science. The paper will conclude by suggesting that the justification for primary science should be based on what we already know about how children learn science as well as helping them to develop an understanding of science and how it influences and is intrinsically linked to the needs of society.     

试析中小学教师不良心理状态

中小学教师在教育教学工作中表现出的不良心理状态有：在课堂上的紧张、焦虑与无助感,在个别辅导学生时的无奈、倦怠与烦躁感,在学校应试管理模式下的巨大压力感,在超负荷工作状态下的孱弱身心,因付出与回报的强烈反差导致的委屈感等。要改善中小学教师的心理状态,必须提高其经济、社会地位,真正让教师职业成为令人羡慕的职业。     

教师专业学习的理念价值与校本策略

原有的教师专业发展理念遵循一种"缺陷"模式,将教师视为"有缺陷的"、需要"被"发展的对象,这已不能完全覆盖教师成长的内涵。因此,教师专业学习作为教师专业发展的替代性概念应运而生。教师专业学习的理念认为:教师具有主动学习的意愿。教师不应只是单纯地接受知识,而是要在教育教学中不断建构知识。教师在学习过程中是"完整人"而不单纯是"职业人"。教师专业学习作为提升教师专业素质的重要路径,可以通过校本学习的方式来实现。学校作为教师教育实践的主要场所,应该为教师的专业学习提供环境支持,如建立规范化、制度化的校本学习机制,为教师专业学习提供多种合作平台,指导和引领教师的反思性实践等。     

Tipping point for teachers? Changing working conditions and continuing learning in a ‘knowledge economy’

The basic argument of this paper is that, in the wake of austerity measures against public education accumulating since the early 1980s, professional teachers at all levels may have been losing control of their jobs and faced decreasing opportunities for continuing their own learning. Empirical evidence is drawn mainly from a unique time series of Canadian national surveys which provide data on the working conditions and continuing learning practices of both teachers and the entire labour force in Canada between 1982 and 2016. The main findings are that there have been major reductions in teachers’ participation in organisational decision-making, sharply declining recent incidence of participation in both continuing further education and job-related informal learning, as well as a strong association between decreasing job control and declining continuing learning trends. The major implication is that teachers’ work and learning may be reaching a tipping point after which established forms of effective teaching may no longer be sustainable. Further studies to confirm these findings and assess their potentially very serious implications are urgently needed.     

Teachers’ knowledge and confidence for promoting positive mental health in primary school communities

This paper reports an investigation into Australian primary school teachers’ knowledge and confidence for mental health promotion. Questionnaires were delivered to 1397 teachers. In-depth interviews were held with 37 teachers. Quantitative results showed that half to two thirds of teachers felt efficacious and knowledgeable about selected components of mental health promotion. Independent judgments by staff about students’ mental health status concurred with students’ scores on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire in about 75% of cases, indicating a good level of staff awareness about students’ mental health status. Exposure to the KidsMatter Primary mental health promotion initiative was associated with improvements in teachers’ efficacy, knowledge and pedagogy, with small to medium effect sizes. Qualitative analysis indicated that teachers’ subject-matter and pedagogical knowledge were heavily reliant on curriculum resources. Implications of the findings for the implementation of school-based mental health promotion initiatives are discussed.     

The emotions in teaching and learning nature sciences and physics/chemistry in pre-service primary teachers

A study was made of different emotions that prospective primary school teachers report with respect to science subjects, when they were pupils, and during their practice teaching, taking into account the variables gender and the speciality they studied in the secondary education. The study consisted of a questionnaire completed by 63 primary education students at the University of Extremadura, Spain. The results show a great difference between the emotions related to the subjects of physics/chemistry and the nature sciences （biology/geology）. The scientific subject influences the emotions of pre-service primary teachers, both in learning and teaching. In physics and chemistry, the emotions are mostly negative. While in nature sciences they are very positive. In nature sciences, there is a correlation between the emotions felt as secondary school pupils learning science and those they feel as teachers. In physics and chemistry, there is a correlation in the women between the emotions felt as secondary school pupils learning science and those they feel as teachers, but not in the men. The memory of their emotions in learning science at school is more negative than in teaching science during their teaching practice, except in nervousness in physics/chemistry. By gender, men declared a greater predilection for science content than women, with more of them describing such feelings as sympathy or confidence. The results highlight the influential role that emotions play throughout the professional growth of future primary teachers.     

浅谈如何加强中小学教师培训管理

随着我国素质教育和新课程改革的全面推进,我国中小学教师培训也逐渐成为当前我国教育改革中的焦点问题。“一费制”改革给我国中小学教育的发展带来了新的挑战,同时社会的关注程度和要求不断提高,中小学教师队伍建设更成为教育界的重大问题。针对我国当前中小学教师培训的现状,必须不断加强其管理,提高教师培养质量和中小学教师队伍的整体素质。     

Teaching in the ‘margins’: rekindling a passion for teaching

The data for this paper are drawn from a qualitative research project involving a number of alternative education sites in Australia and the United Kingdom. In this paper, we focus only on the motives and teaching philosophies of a sample of teachers who have chosen to work in alternative education sites despite, for some, the prospect of uncertain employment conditions and lower salaries. A thematic approach is used with the data so as to structure participant perspectives on a range of teaching-related issues. We argue that the experiences and perceptions of these teachers provide a starting point for reflection about the impact of many current educational policies that have been shaped or influenced by market-driven neo-liberal paradigms emphasising disciplinary accountabilities for teachers.     

十堰市L乡小学教师专业发展现状及对策探究

当前农村小学教师的专业发展受制于多种主客观原因,其发展较为缓慢,成为制约农村教育质量提升的关键环节。通过对十堰市L乡三所小学的实地调查发现:教师整体素质不高、专业性不强,专业发展意识淡薄、自主性不够,专业发展活动丰富、实效性不高,教学研究认识模糊、研究力薄弱。未来只有从宏观、中观到微观三方面形成政府、学校、教师三者的合力,才能保证农村小学教师素质的整体提升。