浅谈高职生人文素养教育

＂以服务为宗旨,以就业为导向＂是我国职业教育的发展方针。然而,部分高职学校片面理解这一方针,过于追求学生专业技能素质,忽略了学生人文素养的培养,导致高职生缺少文化底蕴,发展后劲不足,高职教育陷入规模有余而内涵不足的发展困境。在培养学生专业技能素质的同时,努力做到成人和成才目标相结合,专业技能课程与人文素养课程相结合,市场调研与学生人文素养差别化培养相结合,课内训练与课外濡染相结合,定性评价与定量考核相结合,着力培养学生人文素养,提高学生可持续发展能力,是高职学校摆脱发展困境的良策之一。     

Action research in initial teacher education: an explorative study

The aim of the study was to describe students’ and teacher educators’ practical experience with action research and to identify a number of special points for consideration (opportunities and limitations) which could play a role in putting research into practice in concrete terms in the courses. Students and teacher educators on three Dutch initial teacher education programmes which treat action research as both a means of professional development and a necessary professional qualification were involved. These were programmes for specific teaching levels and subjects in Dutch schools. Four special points for consideration are identified: action research and the educational core qualifications of the profession; difference between action research by student teachers during their initial education and experienced teachers in their own workplace; students’ mixed experiences and perceptions of research; and embedded research‐based activities in the programme. The authors conclude that action research should be considered from different perspectives: as a professional approach, a body of skills that is needed to make the connection between knowing that and knowing why; and as a way of improving practice by systematically building up practice‐based knowledge.     

以学生为中心的高职院校实训课程开发浅探

高职院校的课程分为理论课程和实训课程,实训课程是高职教育课程体系中一个重要的组成部分。高职教育工作者要以学生为中心,开发以提高学生专业技能、综合能力为目标的实训课程,提高学生操作技能。     

Teacher educators working on their own professional development: goals,activities and outcomes of a project for the professional development of teacher educators

This article reports on the professional development of teacher educators within the context of a national project, ‘Professional Quality of Teacher Educators,’ where a professional standard and a standards‐based procedure of (self‐)assessment and professional development have been created and effectively implemented. This project offered a unique opportunity to analyze the goals, activities and outcomes of the process of professional development of teacher educators in a situation in which this development is promoted by the professional group as a whole. In our research, we used 25 completed portfolio's made by teacher educators participating in the standards‐based procedure of (self‐)assessment and professional development. We found that teacher educators, participating in this procedure, prefer the development of their knowledge and skills over the development of their attitudes and beliefs. For their professional development, the teacher educators experiment with new activities within the work‐situation and interact with colleagues within their professional community, more than that they study theory or reflect on their work. The participating teacher educators experience a positive impact at the personal level (change in cognition and behavior). More than one‐third of them share outcomes with others. Above, they report a more positive self‐esteem and more enthusiasm for teacher education. This article may motivate other countries or institutions to invest in the professional development of teacher educators. Further research is necessary on the essence of the professional qualities of teacher educators and the relation of their professional development with student learning.     

Fostering teacher educators’ professional development in research and in supervising student teachers’ research

Most teacher educators who work at institutes for higher vocational education have faced a new role since the European Community aimed to upgrade the general quality of education. Research tasks have been added as a new important core business for institutes that used to be mainly focused on education. Teacher educators therefore have to become familiar with research knowledge and skills, and with the skills to supervise student teachers in conducting research. Professional development activities have been set up to prepare them for it. In this explorative study, we investigated the extent to which four different professional development activities within three Dutch institutes for teacher education contributed to the knowledge and skills needed for these new tasks. We gathered data by interviewing 12 teacher educators. In addition to some striking differences, we found corresponding positive experiences in all four activities. Exchanging experiences and discussing issues with colleagues was perceived to be the most outstanding part of each activity. This research has yielded necessary insights into constructing professional development activities. It is clear that any professional development activity about research should be consistent with teacher educators’ daily practices and concerns.     

试论教师专业发展与校本课程开发的问题与策略

校本课程的开发离不开教师专业的持续发展。正视教师在校本课程开发方面存在的问题有助于教师专业的良性发展。相关的对策是：从师范教育、教师培训、教师管理等方面进行改革,让教师能够经历意识层面、知识层面和实践层面的洗礼与锻塑,从而不断地“夯实底蕴”、“提升意识”、“培养能力”和“发展情意”。     

Challenges and barriers to Austrian early childhood educators' participation in online professional development programmes

Online professional development programmes have a long tradition in adult education. However, in early childhood education, such programmes are only just beginning to be developed. Before online professional development courses can be made inclusive, accessible and widely available to early childhood educators, they must meet a few basic requirements. The present study provides insights into essential aspects that need to be considered when setting up online professional development programmes, a field which is still in its infancy in Austria. The results of a representative survey (n = 317) demonstrated that early childhood educators' digital competencies are highly variable and cannot be taken for granted. The survey results also stress the need to provide educators with functional digital devices appropriate to their work environment. Early childhood educators' interest in online professional development programmes is very high, in recognition of the advantages afforded by flexible participation options independent of users' time constraints or location. The development of attractive, compelling and accessible online professional development courses can contribute to current professionalisation efforts in the field of early childhood education.

Practitioner notes

What is already known about this topic

• Online professional development has already a very long tradition in the field of adult vocational training but not in Early Childhood Education.
• The possibility of attending online professional development programmes independent of a participant's time constraints or location is viewed as a particularly beneficial advantage.
• Online professional development programmes positively affect the professionalisation of educators. For this reason, they must increasingly be integrated into the field of early childhood education.

What this paper adds

• In the field of early childhood education in German-speaking regions, online professional development training courses are only beginning to be developed.
• This paper examines the challenges and barriers for early childhood educators associated with implementing online professional development programmes for early childhood educators.
• The survey was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic and includes current data on the ongoing digitalisation boom.

Implications for practise and/or policy

• Online professional development courses should not be understood as competition for conventional face-to-face programmes. Instead, they act as a useful supplement.
• Media competencies are a fundamental prerequisite for everyday professional life—early childhood educators need functional media devices, stable internet connections, and support structures in IT and computer literacy.
• Early childhood educators require effective instruction in using online professional development programmes to expand online professional development programmes in their field. They must also address compelling topics in early childhood education relevant to educators' practise.

     

Positioning sex educators: a critical ethnography of a professional development workshop

In this ethnographic research, I offer an analysis of a state-sponsored professional development workshop for sex educators. Positioning theory is used to understand how the lived space of the workshop – including texts, talk and silence – positions sex education teachers as professionals and practitioners with certain (limited) speaking rights and resources.     

从英国农业变革看内蒙古农业

农业是国民经济的基础，英国在近代战后农业的变革和发展充分证明了这一点，也提供了值得借鉴的经验教训。内蒙古农业生产要进一步发展，首先要加深对农业重要地位的认识，政府正确的决策和农业政策，是农业迅速稳定持续发展的保障；要加快农业技术改造，发展农村教育，提高农业劳动者素质；要扩大经营规模，实现农业集约化。     

从儿童社会性发展看幼儿园社会领域课程目标

课程目标是人们对课程预期的结果,明确课程目标,才能找到实现目标的最优过程和方法,才能监控教育活动的过程和结果。幼儿园社会领域的教育应该达到哪些教育目标是探讨幼儿园社会领域课程设置的基础。而幼儿园社会领域课程的目标设置又需要以幼儿社会性发展的特点和规律为依据。目前,我国幼儿因课程将社会作为专门的一个领域,有其独立的目标和内容,促进幼儿的社会性发展在社会认知、社会情感、社会行为技能三方面得到共同提高。但幼儿园社会领域的目标设置未见帮助幼儿树立理想这一内容,建议通过发展幼儿的想象并促使其大胆实现来进行幼儿理想的萌芽教育。     

Developing the capacity of teacher‐librarians to meet the diverse needs of all schoolchildren: Project ENABLE

US school libraries are required to ensure that schoolchildren and school staff with disabilities have equal opportunity to use and benefit from library facilities and information services under federal law. However, evidence indicates teacher‐librarians (TLs) often lack the training, knowledge and skills to provide programmes and services that meet the needs of students with disabilities. Project ENABLE (Expanding Nondiscriminatory Access by Librarians Everywhere) was created to respond to this shortfall by designing, implementing and evaluating a professional development programme in New York State. The project applies a social model of disability to help 100 TLs, special educators and general educators further develop their skills and resources by teaming together to create an inclusive environment for all students. This is achieved through the use of universal design principles, appropriate assistive and other technologies, an emphasis on person‐first language and sensitivity simulations, a focus on inclusive lesson planning, and by developing collaboration capacity among participant teams. Curriculum development, data collection and analyses are presented. The effect of the Project ENABLE trainings was significant in terms of higher levels of skill and knowledge reported by participants for creating accessible library programmes, advancing inclusive education and building effective collaborations. Drawing from their workshop learning and resources, participant teams developed action plans to implement during the 2011–2012 school year. This project underscores the importance of TLs in the education of all students, including those with disabilities. Higher education and local professional development programmes must place greater emphasis on preparing TLs to perform this role effectively and confidently.     

Applied Climate Education and Training for Agricultural and Natural Resource Management in India,Indonesia, Zimbabwe and Australia

Abstract

In parts of the world, including many developing countries, climate variability impacts negatively on agricultural production and natural resource management. Workshops in applied climatology were held in Australia, India, Indonesia and Zimbabwe between 1999 and 2002 to provide farmers and agricultural and meteorological staff a better understanding of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation phenomenon, associated climate variability, its forecast potential and its relevance to their local agriculture system. Most participants saw climate information skills as essential or useful in their work but few had good skills. Through discussions, learning outcomes were established and resource materials developed in Australia were adapted for use in the other countries. Educational course material was developed for workshops and for vocational and tertiary education. This material was developed in multimedia and print format suited to different learning styles. Workshops incorporated sessions on local climate, a climate analysis tool to assist forecasting, application of forecasts, communication and evaluation. Post-workshop surveys demonstrated improved knowledge and skills of participants with a need for further training in risk management strategies relating to agricultural systems. This was identified by a skills audit during the workshops and could form the basis for an advanced training programme.     

Developing competence profiles for educators in environmental education organisations in the Netherlands

This qualitative study explores the meanings and possible merits of introducing competence profiles for enhancing professional development in the environmental education sector in the Netherlands. It presents the three most important environmental education jobs and their underlying competencies alongside their core professional challenges, as identified by environmental educators and experts in the Netherlands. The jobs are: education practitioner, programme leader, and organisational manager. The core professional challenges for the education practitioner entail: developing demand‐driven instructional programmes and spontaneous, ad‐hoc programmes, and addressing task and goal orientations. For the programme leader, they are acquisition of new projects, quality assurance, and project management; and for the organisational manager, they are human resource management, financial management, representing the organisation and showing its performance. The results of the study should inform educational institutions how to develop relevant programmes for future environmental educators, and for the professional development of environmental educators in environmental education organisations.     

构建以职业岗位能力要求为主线的高职课程体系

高职课程设置以人才市场岗位能力要求为主线,以素质教育为核心.所设课程要充分体现职业岗位的能力要求,注重实践教学,强化专业技能训练,理论教学以“必需、够用“为度,教材建设突出适应性,注重多渠道培养学生的综合能力.     

Insights into the value of a ‘stand‐alone’ course for sustainability education

Education for sustainability (EfS) is emerging as an urgent imperative and challenge for higher education. But what exactly does it mean to put sustainability into higher education? How do we bring sustainability themes into university curriculum, across the enormous diversity of academic disciplines? This paper describes the experience of teaching a large ‘stand‐alone’ EfS subject which sits within the professional contexts of the large first‐year cohort undertaking it. We describe the themes, architecture and approach to sustainability education taken in this course and evaluate the learning and assessment activities offered to students. We conclude with reflections on the student experience and feedback, which suggests that while academics build towards a deeply embedded sustainability ethic in higher education, specialist parallel courses have a valuable role to play in the transition to sustainable futures.     

Safety,celebration, and risk: educator responses to LGBTQ professional development

Research has explored multicultural teacher education from multiple, sometimes divergent perspectives; yet, these studies agree that what passes for multicultural education fails to address issues of educational inequity. This paper is part of a larger evaluation study of Reduction of Stigma in Schools (RSIS) – a professional development program aiming to empower educators to create affirming environments for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer and Questioning (LGBTQ) youth. Interview data indicate that though workshops utilized a critical approach, what teachers embraced was a call to understand and “protect” LGBTQ students through the “safety” discourse – a form of understanding and valuing the “cultural other” – and investment in one time “visibility” or “celebration” events as symbols of improved school climate. Further, educators framed LGBTQ issues as “risk” issues rather than as equity issues, which continue to mark LGBTQ students as “victims” or “problems” in need of saving or solving. We posit that responses to RSIS content reflect educators’ understanding of their obligation to “diversity” as presented during their teacher preparation programs and that workshop content which resonated with them was that which they could easily fit into these familiar frameworks.     

高职院校土建人才可持续发展能力的培养

当前高职教育人才培养模式下的土建人才在工作中适应力尚较弱,缺乏自我更新能力,显示其可持续发展能力的不足。土建人才可持续发展能力体现为创新性思维及自主学习、终身学习的能力。高职院校土建人才可持续发展能力培养的措施有：进一步加强专业基础理论知识的教学;结合执业资格管理制度,将注册工程师执业资格考试目标渗入课程教学;提高土建人才的双语能力;提高土建人才的信息素养。     

立足教师专业发展 改革教育实习课程结构

教师专业发展主要包括专业知识发展、专业技能发展和专业精神发展。实践性知识是教师专业知识结构的重要内容。教育实习为教师专业发展提供真实情境,但现有的教育实习忽略了教师专业发展的经验性和反思性成份。改革教育实习课程结构就应当更新教育实习观念,完善教育实习内容,延长教育实习时间。     

美国教师教育者的素养结构与课程框架--以美国哥伦比亚大学教师教育专业博士生培养项目为例

为了促进教师教育者的专业发展,提高教师教育质量,美国哥伦比亚大学基于多项实证研究确认了教师教育者应具备的基本素养,设计了与博士学位课程相互嵌套的教师教育者专业培养课程,实施了教师教育者专业教育项目。项目实施结果显示,教师教育专业课程学习与基于共同体的教师教育研究能有效帮助教师教育者沟通教育理论与实践,提高教师教育者专业实践能力和研究能力,形塑教师教育者专业身份认同,为教师教育者自我导向的专业发展奠定基础。     

基于“校企室”三方协同的现代学徒制高职高技能人才培养路径的探索与实践

目前现代学徒制模式下,高职高技能人才培养存在着校企双育人主体机制还不健全、教学模式不顺畅、校企课程交融不深入、教学评价体系不完善等系列问题,高职高技能人才培养质量还不能满足社会经济发展要求。对此,文章从学生技术技能培养、综合职业素质养成和社会人才需求的视角出发,重点引入省级技能大师工作室高技能人才培养平台,与学校、联盟企业联合组建“校企室”三方协同的现代学徒制高职高技能人才培养模式,搭建“校企室”三方育人主体的现代学徒育人平台,构建涵盖“通识、岗位、专项”三核心、四阶段的现代学徒制课程体系,创建多维度技术技能训练和实践的“专业实训室+企业现场+大师工作室”三场所构成的现代学徒制实训基地,建立“教、学、做、工、培、训”交替融合的现代学徒制教学实施模式,建立三方育人主体的现代学徒制人才培养标准,以及“柯氏四级评估模型”多元参与、四级评价的现代学徒制人才培养质量评价方法,并在数控技术专业试点,成效显著,为高职院校同类专业开展三方育人现代学徒制人才培养提供参考与借鉴。