国际生态系统服务研究动态与地域差异评价

生态系统服务研究已得到国内外学者广泛关注,揭示当前国际研究热点与发展趋势,将为国内生态系统服务研究与实践提供借鉴与参考。本文以“Web of Science核心合集”的SCI-E和SSCI数据库为样本数据源,借助CiteSpace可视化科学计量工具,对国际上生态系统服务研究领域的4208篇文献进行了系统分析,利用活力指数（AI）和吸引力指数（AAI）对不同国家或地区在该领域的研究效率和学术影响力进行了评价,探讨国际上生态系统服务研究进展和动态变化规律。研究结果表明：①国际上生态系统服务研究的文献数量和被引次数随着年份变化增长显著,尤其在2012年以后,关注该问题的学者不断增加;②发文期刊集中性强,排名前10位的期刊发文数量占到全部期刊发文总数的40%;③中国近年来在生态系统服务领域研究实力不断增强,但仍低于全球平均水平;④生态系统服务评估框架和方法框架是当前热点研究领域,尤其应注重将社会需求、人类福祉、生态系统调节服务纳入到生态系统服务分析框架,同时重点关注文化生态系统服务的价值和作用,以及充分运用机器学习和大数据挖掘等创新方法解决复杂社会生态问题。     

国内蚁科昆虫研究的文献计量学分析

以《中国期刊全文数据库》和《中文科技期刊全文数据库》为数据源,运用文献计量学的原理和方法,对1989-2007年国内蚁科昆虫研究专题文献进行统计分析,探讨这些文献的文献学特征(年代、期刊源和学科方向分布,作者和研究机构特征,以及科学基金资助状况),揭示该研究领域的动态变化和发展态势。     

基于文献计量的我国罕见病和孤儿药研究的现状分新

以中国期刊全文数据库为文献来源,对1983-2013年国内罕见病和孤儿药的文献进行检索,采用文献计量方法,从论文年代分布、期刊分布、作者分布等方面进行统计分析,以揭示国内罕见病和孤儿药的研究现状与发展态势.     

基于文献计量学的创新生态系统脉络梳理及理论框架构建

基于数据可视化原理,以中国知网"创新生态系统"领域的605篇文献为研究对象,采用作者地理位置可视化、期刊文字云可视化、文献可视化、分层交互可视化方法回顾创新生态系统的现状和问题,归纳现在研究热点,总结创新生态系统特征。研究结果表明,创新生态系统是一个自适应系统,在此基础上,假设创新生态系统具有生命周期,采用项目流程管理理论,分析与构建创新生态系统框架,并阐释了创新生态系统的各阶段的相互运转机理,对创新生态系统的实践具有一定的启发性。     

开放式创新背景下创新范式研究演化路径与热点分析

利用Citespace软件对检索到的698条源于Web of Science的核心集合,CNKI的"核心期刊""CSSCI""CSCD"数据库的文献进行计量分析并绘制知识图谱.研究表明,关于创新范式研究的发文量增长态势良好,但研究力量较为分散;国内与国际创新范式研究的热点在主题类型、分析对象、关注程度、分析方法方面存在异同,研究路径都经历成长期、爆发期和持续增长期,前沿研究关注开放式创新理论拓展与探究.国内创新范式从理论引进到实证检验再到中国案例研究,研究层次逐步加深、研究范围逐步扩展.     

基于文献计量分析的国内外胜任力研究述评

以ISI Web of Science 数据库收录的期刊及CNKI中国学术文献出版总库收录的期刊2001-2011年间发表的关于胜任力的文献为基础数据源,利用文献计量、内容分析、共词分析等相关文献计量学分析方法,分析国内外胜任力研究现状及主题,并结合文献内容对国内在该领域的研究进行述评,找出差距和不足,为今后国内在该领域的研究提供借鉴。     

国内文献计量研究的特征分析

利用曲线拟合方法,对2001-2010年收录在中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)1 822篇的文献计量研究论文进行了分析,揭示了其文献增长规律、作者分布规律、期刊分布规律和机构分布规律等特征。     

我国创客空间研究热点可视化分析

本文以CNKI《中国期刊全文数据库》收录2010-2015年的230篇创客空间研究文献为统计源,借助文献题录信息统计分析工具SATI3.2进行词频统计,构建词篇矩阵,并利用SPASS20.0软件对研究问题进行聚类分析和可视化分析。研究结果表明:目前国内学术界对创客空间研究热点主要集中在创客空间促进创新创业、创新图书馆服务等领域。     

军民融合领域的研究热点及趋势 ——基于CiteSpace的计量分析

利用CiteSpace软件梳理了2008—2020年中国知网数据库中军民融合领域的CSSCI文献共592篇,从发文量、发文期刊和机构以及经典高被引文献等方面对文献进行统计分析.通过特征词聚类分析探索目前我国军民融合领域研究热点,发现:我国军民融合领域研究热点主要分为三大块,即中国特色军民融合、军民融合产业探索和军民融合协同创新研究;通过关键词突现分析军民融合研究趋势,可大致将其分为3个阶段的演变:军民结合、创新和军民深度融合.     

创新生态系统研究：定性评价、中国情境与理论方向

新时代背景下创新生态系统的概念在技术管理和创新研究中日益变得重要.为了集成分析现有学术文献中对创新生态系统理论已有研究的脉络、进展及其空缺,采用文献计量分析和内容分析法,本文对创新生态系统文献进行较为系统的梳理和评述.首先,基于知识图谱分析,描述创新生态系统文献的基本特征,绘制文献共被引图谱、合作网络图谱和共词分析;其次,分析该理论文献的研究主题和关键词,尝试解构式地描述创新生态系统理论的现有体系和内涵;再次,讨论现有创新生态系统文献和经典组织与管理理论体系的关联性;最后,基于现阶段中国企业发展面临的特殊情境,探讨创新生态系统研究的未来主题.     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

Low doses of a red wine ingredient figh diabetes in mice

Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Molecular motor assembly of a biomimetic system

Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence