多元智能理论视野中的特殊教育

加德纳在对传统智力理论进行批判的基础上 ,于 1 983年提出了“多元智能理论”。该理论认为 ,个体身上至少同时存在着 7种相对独立、同等重要的智能 ,而且具有不同的表现形式 ,通过教育可以使它们都得到不同程度的提高。研究多元智能理论对于我国特殊教育的发展具有重要的作用     

试论早期教育

研究表明,婴幼儿时期是人身心迅速发展的阶段,可塑性强,是充分开发婴幼儿全脑功能的最佳时期。因此,早期教育成为当前社会关注的重要问题。科学合理的早期教育能启迪和开发婴幼儿的智力和创造力,培养他们的求知欲和探索精神,使他们成为社会所期望的人才。     

The Role of Subject Matter in the Preparation of Teachers in Physical Education

Teacher education programs in physical education have deemphasized the subject matter of physical education and instead have defined the profession in terms of the processes and procedures of pedagogy. Evidence in support of this claim is presented in a review of literature in teacher education and curriculum models in physical education. Among the many reasons for this emphasis is the belief that generic information-processing skills can be acquired without concern for content or subject matter. In particular, the early literature in cognition sought to identify problem solving, thinking, and reasoning skills that could be learned and then applied to any domain of knowledge no matter how different or complex. The more recent literature from cognition, artificial intelligence, and education shows that we cannot assume the existence of powerful generic information-processing skills that exist independent of content. Instead, it is increasingly evident that we must find ways to integrate content and process throughout the educational process. This is especially important in planning teacher education programs.     

音乐教育与多元智能发展

多元智能理论提出近20年来,逐步在改变着长期以来不同学科分别以特定的智能发展为培养目标的分工模式,它在强调本学科对促进开拓其他学科能力作用的同时,注重通过与其他学科相互渗透与结合使本学科专业的能力得到充分发展。音乐能力本身就是重要的智能,多元智能的发展与音乐教育密切相关,脑科学的研究也进一步证明音乐教育活动对个体认知发展的积极作用,音乐教育和其他学科教学相互渗透的益处是多方面的,应该积极形成跨学科合作教学的多元文化氛围,为培养学生的想象力和创造力发挥应有的作用。     

A European Demos? The Nordic adult education tradition-- folkeoplysning --faces a challenge

The keyword in the Nordic tradition for adult education is 'people' (folk). But the term 'people' is used in three different ways: people as a political category, a cultural category and a social category. Therefore, the term 'people's enlightenment' ( folkeoplysning ) has been defined as different ways to create empowered citizens, to provide enlightenment on the people's culture, and to educate the underenlightened and marginalised. What kind of adult education is required in the current situation? Is a political, cultural or social interpretation of the term most needed? This question is discussed in light of the European integration process. ' Folkeoplysning ' is not, by definition, based on a specific interpretation of the concept 'people'. On the contrary, the concept constitutes a battlefield on which different interests attempt to leave their own imprint.     

Seven modeling perspectives on teaching and Learning — some interrelations and cognitive effects

Seven categories of models employed in research on teaching and learning in schools are reviewed, demonstrating the general educational metaphors and perspectives associated with each and their cognitive effects. The categories reviewed are called combinatorial models, sampling models, cybernetic models, game models, critical thinking models, ordinary language analysis models, and dynamic structural models.One major cognitive effect is the tendency for those who think primarily in terms of a given perspective to see all classroom phenomena in terms of that perspective and to feel that all other perspectives are inferior in not representing fully what they see from theirs. This means that no critical experiments or new observations are likely to help much in deciding which category of models is most appropriate for a given research need. The desirability of increased tolerance for different perspectives in research and practice is discussed with special reference to teacher education, where the perspective of the teacher candidate may be expected to determine largely how his or her training experience is assimilated.All categories are judged to have considerable scientific potential, because of successful applications within the natural and applied sciences and the degree of precision attained in at least some models. The first category, which is also the most popular (encompassing as it does practically all multiple variable models in education), seems to have the most questionable status when comparisons are made with the conditions in which it has succeeded in the sciences. The last category, dynamic structural models, encounters the greatest difficulty satisfying demands for operational means of testing its models, for the clinical methods required are not easily accessible to the uninitiated, but it offers the hope of more holistic and naturalistic insights into teaching and learning.The author is indebted to Heinrich Bauersfeld, Rosalind Driver, Jim Hauwiller, Jim Raths, Henry Trueba, and Klaus Witz for discussion of the key issues and an earlier draft of this paper. Of course, he assumes all responsibility for the presentation of ideas and material.The author is grateful to Basil Blackwell, Publisher, for persmission to quote from L. Wittgenstein, The Blue and Brown Books and to McGraw-Hill Book Company to quote from E. U. Condon and H. Odishaw (1958), Handbook of Physics.     

民办高等教育在高等教育体系中的定位

传统的高等教育类型划分影响了民办大学的准确定位 ,对民办高等教育发展产生了消极影响。本文提出民办高等教育应该属于综合类高等教育 ,民办大学有条件办成以全日制本专科教育为主的综合大学 ,而不是高等职业技术学校     

人工智能视域下课堂教学智慧评价:学习发生知行模型

在人工智能视域下的课堂教学智慧评价中,基于中国优秀传统文化中的知行哲学和大脑认知活动的信息自由能理论构建的学习发生知行模型,描述了学习发生的条件与路径、学习风格、有效教学方法等,关涉学生学习发生这一教育核心问题。学习发生知行模型批判地吸收了ELT、4MAT等学习理论中富有启发性的观点,将知行与外在可观测的语言刺激(四何)数据关联起来,使学生内部认识活动与外在教学环境的相互作用即课堂认知活动具备了人工智能可分析的可能。它将学习发生的认知过程划分为外界信息的处理过程(不涉及大脑自由能减少)和内部世界认知模型的调整过程或思想练习(减少大脑自由能)两类,提出的人工智能课堂认知活动量化评价指标框架,尝试解决现有机器分析无法覆盖课堂思维方式、教学风格等重要维度的问题,为完整性的、本土化的、易理解的课堂教学智慧评价分析系统的设计提供了可行方案。     

物理教学与创造能力的培养

教育是培养创造能力的重要途径。根据物理学科的特点，从物理课堂教学、实验教学、课外活动等方面分析培养学生创造能力的方法和途径。     

多元智能:呼唤教师行为变化

多元智能理论不仅是对传统智力理论的挑战,而且从根本上影响了教育观念的转变,也对教师的行为提出了新的要求。它要求教师了解自己的学生、重视学生的个性差异、培养学生的自主性、对学生实行多元化的评价,还要求教师善于反思自己的行为。     

家庭美育功利化困境的反思

当下中小学家庭教育中普遍重视智育而忽视美育,美育实施中又以艺术教育为主,呈现出明显的功利化倾向。因此,在反思的基础上,明确家庭美育之实然,更新家长的美育观念,丰富家庭美育内容和扩宽实施途径,对于树立正确的美育观念和美育实践纠偏都有积极的作用。     

散论个性化教育

人吸收信息的方式是多样的,获得知识的方式的差异决定了教学中存在差异教育和个性化教育。教师要善于用独到的见解、丰富多彩的“语言”,去激发、启迪不同个性不同素质层次的学生,让教育富涵个性,富涵人性,富涵灵性;要开发学生内在的学习潜能,激发其生命的创造冲动,张扬其独特的个性,唤醒其天性中最灵动、最美好的天资。     

The Cruel Optimism of Transformative Environmental Education

The article is a reflection on the author's experience teaching a Master's seminar in Philosophical Debates in Environmental Education. It frames the attachment to transformative environmental education as a form of cruel optimism, in the sense proposed by Lauren Berlant. Instead of continuing to foster an optimistic attachment to environmental education as a site where transformation may occur, but often does not, the article proposes an aporetic environmental education, which does not seek to get environmental education ‘right’, but rather experiments with different ways of thinking and living the impasse in which it finds itself.     

浅谈多元智力理论与教师角色转换

美国哈佛大学教授、发展心理学家加德纳提出的多元智力理论,在当前西方的教育教学改革中产生了广泛的积极影响,已经成为许多西方国家上世纪90年代以来教育教学改革的重要指导思想。多元智力理论打破了传统智力理论,认为智力是多元的,不是单一的,每一个受教育者都是独特的,都以个别的方式对人类的文化做出有价值的贡献。在我国教育改革不断深化、素质教育全面推进的新形势下,研究借鉴加德纳多元智力理论,为教师角色的转换提供有益的启示:从传授知识的严师转为学生发展的促进者;由课程的忠实执行者转为课程的探究者;构建教学双主体之间平等、和谐的新型师生关系。     

智力理论与教育技术整合的思考

智力理论引入我国20多年来,对教育理念、教育方式产生重大影响。教育技术在迅猛发展的同时也受到智力理论的许多影响。试图在智力理论、教育技术之间找到一个切合点,论述在整合过程中智力理论对教育技术学的影响以及教育技术如何促进智力理论的发展与实施。     

高中人工智能教育应该教什么和如何教——基于四本《人工智能初步》教材的内容分析

作为基础教育阶段开展人工智能教育的主要载体和《普通高中信息技术课程标准(2017年版)》落地的重要依托,《人工智能初步》教材为人们理解人工智能教育提供了代表性样本。文章使用内容分析法,对目前完成的四本《人工智能初步》教材从知识内容、篇章结构、活动设计、评价方式和技术载体五个维度进行了全面分析。研究发现:教学内容方面,教材覆盖了人工智能概念、特征、发展历程、核心算法、典型应用、模块开发、伦理与安全等学科大概念及知识点,各有侧重和拓展;篇章结构方面,四本教材风格各异,章节流程明晰;活动设计方面,主要通过研究性、项目式、探索式活动引导学生拓展思维,具有丰富性、趣味性和协作性等特点,兼顾了知识建构的深度和广度;评价方式方面,均以基于项目的学习评价为主、知识测试为辅,将学生高阶能力发展置于首位;技术载体方面,主要选用国产人工智能开放平台和Python语言。受多种因素的影响,每本教材也各有不足,文章讨论了可能的改进思路。     

人工智能教学中“知识建构、STEM、创客”三位一体教学模型的设计与应用

随着人工智能时代的到来,人工智能进学校、编程教育进课堂已上升为国家战略。设计有效的教学模型提升人工智能教学效果是当前的重要研究课题之一,培养具有创新能力的人才是当今教育的重要使命。文章以知识建构理论为核心,以STEM教育和创客教育为两翼,以项目学习为主线,对知识建构、STEM教育和创客教育三者的特征和关系进行梳理,将知识建构理论与STEM教育和创客教育进行有机融合,构建了“知识建构、STEM、创客”三位一体教学模型。在模型的基础上探讨了课程的教学模式和教学评价,以培养学生高阶思维能力和提升学生核心素养。该模型在中小学和高校人工智能教学中进行了探索实践,发现其有助于培养学习者的计算思维、编程思维和创新思维等高阶思维能力,能促进复合型和创新型人才的培养,能推动人工智能进学校、进课堂、进学生头脑的进程。     

In Search of a New Paradigm for Higher Education

In this essay I argue that online education, artificial intelligence, and market pressures are driving higher education to adopt the industrial model and to find a new paradigm for delivering education at low costs. In addition, there is tremendous pressure from the federal government to make universities more accountable while making higher education less expensive and more accessible. I argue that in the future faculty members will not be engaged with students in the ways in which they have historically been engaged and that the structure and operations of higher education institutions will be very different. New, potential paradigms are beginning to emerge.     

浅谈如何有效提高中专生的情商——以江苏省太仓中等专业学校为例

随着社会的不断发展和完善,情商教育越来越受到重视,中专学校的毕业生将直接进入社会,能否适应社会的要求,与个人的情商有着密切联系,情商与智商不同,受后天影响因素更多;从情商、职业情商的概念入手,结合中专生的情商现状以及职业教育的特点,浅谈如何有效地提高中专生的情商,帮助学生更好地适应毕业后的工作和生活需求。     

多元智能理论对美术课程教学改革的影响

多元智能理论扩充了智力的内涵,并超越了传统的智力概念,加强了智力理论与教育的联系,更重要的是使智力水平突破了传统智力理论的范畴。多元智能理论对传统智力理论指导下的教育提出了挑战,对我国中学美术教学改革有着极为有益的影响。中学美术课程改革应当以培养创新精神和实践能力为重点,应当树立人人都能成功的学生观,应当树立因材施教的教学观,应当树立多元多维的评价观。