The cost of going the extra mile: the relationship between teachers’ organizational citizenship behavior,role stressors,and strain with the buffering effect of job autonomy

Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) is defined as performance that supports the social and psychological environment in which a task is conducted. Teachers’ OCB can be directed toward particular individuals (OCBI) and/or toward the organization (OCBO). Despite their beneficial impact on school, these could entail personal costs for the teacher. The present study argues that OCB contributes to teachers’ strain through the mediating impact of role overload, role ambiguity, and role conflict, while job autonomy buffers it. The structural equation modeling results from a sample of 483 Israeli teachers and their principals confirmed the main hypotheses for OCBO. Role overload and role ambiguity fully mediated the relation of OCBO to teachers’ strain; the relation of OCBO to role stressors was significant for teachers with low job autonomy, but was non-significant for teachers with high job autonomy. This study opens an exploration of the positive and the negative consequences of OCB for teacher and school.     

The impact of role conflict,role ambiguity and organizational climate on the job satisfaction of academic staff in research-intensive universities in the UK

This study focuses on academics in research-intensive universities in the UK and explores their perceptions of organizational climate, role conflict, role ambiguity and job satisfaction. The findings suggest that the universities have multiple organizational climates. Three organizational climate types – the Clan, the Hierarchy and the Adhocracy – were associated with lower levels of role stress. However, the Market climate was associated with higher levels of role conflict. Only the Clan-type climate was directly related to high levels of job satisfaction. It appears that despite the changes in the styles of management in universities, the collegial/Clan climate is still a very important contributor to the satisfaction of academic staff.     

Organisational citizenship behaviour in university administrative committees

Committees are ubiquitous throughout institutions of higher education. Identifying conduct that is conducive to committee work is a precursor to exploring why some individuals engage in committees and others do not. Using qualitative methods, this study explores organisational citizenship behaviours (OCB) exhibited and observed by university professional staff in the context of university committees. University administrators identify exemplary behaviours in committees that conform to OCB criteria (i.e., voluntary, exceeding job expectations and without expectation of reward) which are differentiated from normative committee behaviours. Participants agree that ‘active engagement’, a form of civic virtue OCB, is an aggregation of eight second-order behaviours that collectively improve committee performance. Recommendations for future research directions are also discussed.     

Teachers' organizational citizenship behaviour: Considering the roles of their work engagement,autonomy and leader–member exchange

The increasing demands that schools are confronted with recently, require teachers' commitment and contribution to school goals, regardless of formal job requirements. This study examines the influence of teachers' work context, in terms of autonomy and leader–membership exchange (LMX), on the relationship between their work engagement and organizational citizenship behaviours (OCBs). A distinction is made between OCBI, targeted at benefits for the individual, and OCBO, targeted at benefits for the organization. Survey data from six Dutch schools for secondary education (n = 211), showed that autonomy and LMX both weakened the relationships between work engagement and OCBI and OCBO respectively.     

双重身份下辅导员作为跨界人的行为分析

跨界人指的是处于组织边界、维持组织内外联系的＂中介者＂。结合大学辅导员的双重角色定位,跨界行为是辅导员工作的核心,其有效性直接影响学生成长和学校组织的效率。基于跨界人的理论研究,对辅导员承担的跨界人行为——管理组织形象、处理环境信息、管理环境关系进行分析,指出跨界人所处的特殊位置带给辅导员的角色冲突、角色模糊和角色超载等压力,并从正确看待组织界限、注重组织支持-和提升个人工作扶巧三个方面提出了若干缓解角色压力的建议。     

Building the role of ICT coordinators in primary schools: A typology based on task prioritisation

Although the school ICT coordinator’s role has been institutionally defined by the Andalusian Education Administration (Spain), individual factors may be key in the emerging role-building process. Multidimensional scaling (MDS) of the priority given by coordinators to their different functions and a subsequent cluster analysis of the MDS solution were used to identify role orientations among ICT coordinators in primary schools of Andalucía (Spain). Three orientation clusters were identified: “support of ICT use in the classroom” (67.1%), “promote ICT use in the classroom” (17.8%) and “planning and maintenance of ICT equipment in the school” (15.1%). The interest in separating technical and pedagogical duties into two profiles and the perceived organisational support from the Teachers Centres (TCs) differed in the three role orientation types. Finally, strategies are suggested to reduce role ambiguity and role conflict in ICT coordinators. A clearer definition of the role would improve their leadership in ICT implementation in schools.     

The Role of Department Head in Australian Universities: changes and challenges

The role of the academic departmental head in Australian universities has been little explored. This article reports a study of the role by comparing key demographic data with a similar American‐based study, and examining the role in terms of personal, professional, and organisational variables, and their relationships with the generic measures of role‐conflict and role‐ambiguity. Results indicate differences in the role classified by gender, type of initial appointment, age and willingness to serve (among other variables), and on such dimensions as job satisfaction, work stress, role‐conflict and ambiguity, and publications record. Findings indicate a job where stress appears manageable, satisfaction is in short supply and maintaining an appropriate publications record is an ongoing pressure.     

中小学教师工作价值观与组织公民行为的关系研究

为探讨中小学教师工作价值观与组织公民行为的关系,采用教师工作价值观问卷和组织公民行为问卷,对645名中小学教师进行了测量。结果发现,教师工作价值观与组织公民行为之间存在显著的正相关,工作价值观能够透过第一典型因素解释其组织公民行为,人际关系和利他奉献取向对组织公民行为有显著预测效果,组织管理取向对意见表达行为具有显著的负向预测力。     

Global citizenship as education for peacebuilding in a divided society: structural and contextual constraints on the development of critical dialogic discourse in schools

In post-conflict and divided societies, global citizenship education has been described as a central element of peacebuilding education, whereby critical pedagogy is seen as a tool to advance students’ thinking, transform their views and promote democratic behaviours. The present study investigates understandings of and attitudes to global citizenship and the challenges faced in its implementation. Teacher interviews highlight lack of time and resources for critical reflection and dialogue. Where opportunities for relevant training are provided, this can benefit critical engagement. Boundaries of educational systems and structures also influence pupils’ understandings of the issues as evidenced in questionnaire findings. We argue that critical pedagogies may be limited unless criticality and activism transcend local and global issues and are applied to schools themselves. Emotional engagement may be required for teachers to claim the space to critically reflect and share with colleagues within and beyond their sectors in order to enable critical discourse amongst pupils.     

An application of Jones and James' perceived climate questionnaire in Australian higher educational institutions

Attempts to explore the role of organisational climate in organisational effectiveness have been hampered by inadequacies in existing climate measures (e.g. Cameron, 1978a, 1978b). This paper describes the application of Jones & James (1979) perceived climate measures on a sample of senior level Australian academics. Six climate factors were identified: organisational conflict and ambiguity; two leadership components (facilitation and supportiveness; directiveness); work group cooperation in policy committees and immediate workgroups; and organisational and professional esprit. The data reduction procedures used produced results which strongly confirmed Jones and James findings but involved only approximately one-third of their variables. This represents a more efficient measurement approach and furthers the opportunity for understanding and management of climates in effective organisational outcomes. Implications for future studies of senior managerial perceptions of climate are discussed.     

The relationships among students' commitment,self-esteem,organisational citizenship behaviour and academic performance

Abstract

As one of the most important dependent variables in education and work research, performance has been operationalised either as the proficiency with which core tasks are performed (task performance), or as extra-role behaviours that support core activities (organisational citizenship behaviours). Relative to academic performance (core academic achievement), there has been little research on the extent to which students practise organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB) in their academic work. The aim of the present study was to explore some correlates of both OCB and academic performance. Data used in the study were obtained from 185 students enrolled in a business course at the National University of Lesotho. Survey questionnaires inquiring about students' commitment, self-esteem, and OCB were administered to 204 third-year students. These were correlated with formal academic performance before and after the survey. Students' commitment was significantly related to both OCB and academic performance. Self-esteem was significantly correlated with OCB, but not academic performance. Two dimensions of OCB (altruism and civic virtue) were moderately but significantly related to academic performance. Results suggest that improving self-esteem might affect OCB, and improving commitment and certain elements of OCB might improve academic achievement.     

Opinions of Teachers and School Administrators about Organizational Citizenship Behaviors and Disability Services

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to determine primary school administrators’ and teachers’ views about the organisational citizenship behaviours in their schools. Qualitative research method was employed. The participants consisted of 15 teachers and 5 school administrators working in primary schools in North Cyprus, which were selected through maximum sampling method. Content analysis was done to analyse the data. The findings indicate that the majority of teachers report that the number of teachers who are eager to help is unsatisfactory, and that the participants do not have positive opinions about the reactions they face when they encounter a problem in school. Attention was paid to issues pertaining to disabled students. Since disabled students need extra attention and care, teachers and school administrators expressed the view that to interact with disabled students, organisational citizenship behaviour is necessary. Results further show that organisational citizens are eager to guide, to make extra effort and to empower themselves in order to be more useful and efficient. This study recommends that organising in-service training to improve organisational citizenship behaviour may be effective in improving schools and contribute to the awareness of the importance of the organisational citizenship in terms of disabled students.     

中小学教师工作价值观与组织公民行为的关系研究

为探讨中小学教师工作价值观与组织公民行为的关系,采用教师工作价值观问卷和组织公民行为问卷,对645名中小学教师进行了测量。结果发现,教师工作价值观与组织公民行为之间存在显著的正相关,工作价值观能够透过第一典型因素解释其组织公民行为,人际关系和利他奉献取向对组织公民行为有显著预测效果,组织管理取向对意见表达行为具有显著的负向预测力。     

Teaching citizenship in the faith school: qualitative evidence from separate schools in Northern Ireland

The purpose of this paper is to examine how teachers teach and students learn about citizenship education in two faith-based schools in Northern Ireland. The data show that participants in the Catholic school were confident in their own identity; teachers encouraged active engagement with contentious, conflict-related debates and students displayed empathy with other racial and religious groups. In the Protestant school, teachers avoided any reference to identity and conflict and students seemed to have limited knowledge of these issues. The findings emphasise the extent to which separate schools embody the cultural norms prevalent within each of the communities that they serve and reveal the influence which these norms have for teaching and learning about citizenship.     

大学教师组织认同的结构方程模型分析

大学教师对学校的认同结构是测量大学教师对学校认同的一个重要基础。以H省11所大学664名教师为调查对象,探讨大学教师组织认同的结构,问卷显示：大学教师的组织认同是由组织认同感和组织公民行为两方面组成,两方面存在一定的相关,但各自具有独立的结构因素。其中,大学教师组织认同感主要由组织适合性和组织归属性两部分组成,大学教师组织公民行为主要由热爱学校、帮助同事和自我发展3个维度组成。     

高校女性辅导员的角色冲突与调适对策

高校女性辅导员因有自己的性别特质、心理特点,且承担着更多的婚姻家庭责任,在辅导员这一角色扮演中,有着自身特有的角色冲突。其中角色内冲突主要表现为女性辅导员的自身角色局限性与辅导员的角色要求之间的冲突以及女性辅导员的自身发展与辅导员职责之间的冲突;而角色间冲突主要表现在职业角色与家庭角色间的冲突。女性辅导员的角色冲突容易引发职业倦怠,对辅导员队伍稳定及学生教育管理工作易产生负面影响。针对角色冲突问题,可从高校和女性辅导员自身两个层面人手采取相应的调适对策。     

The education of women for citizenship: the National Federation of Women’s Institutes and the British Federation of Business and Professional Women 1930–1959

This article focuses on how citizenship education was built into the organisational practices as well as the formal instructional programmes of women’s organisations in Britain in the pre‐ and post‐Second World War period. It compares the efforts of two such organisations, the National Federation of Women’s Institutes (NFWI) and the British Federation of Business and Professional Women (BFBPW), to train women in the skills of citizenship. Despite their differences in constituency and structure, these two organisations had remarkably similar views on citizenship education and shared similar educational approaches until the end of the 1950s. This article argues that the NFWI and BFBPW’s understanding of political engagement and their efforts to educate the woman citizen are important historical examples of how women have negotiated issues of involved versus informed citizenry. The educational model they used is relevant today given the renewed interest in the strengthening of civic society as a key mechanism for political engagement.     

Re-examining and developing the notion of academic citizenship: A critical literature review

The notion of academic citizenship has been largely associated with the service role which is a part of academic work seen as additional to teaching and research. The changing landscapes of higher education and the increasing diversity of academic work have prompted debates on what academic citizenship means. This paper challenges the conventional association of academic citizenship with the service role and presents a critical review of the key themes and issues explored in extant literature on the subject. Drawing upon the general view of citizenship as practice, it proposes that the different dimensions of academic work be seen integratively, with academic citizenship reframed beyond the service role. We argue that academic citizenship needs to be conceptualised as a practice of enactment, that is, by the values, processes and means by which it is enacted and asserted as academics draw on freedoms, autonomy and individual motivations.     

The relationships between emotional competence and team learning behaviours

This study provides a systematic review on the relationships between emotional competence and team learning behaviours, with 32 studies identified as addressing these relationships within teams whose team members are interdependent in the fulfilment of their work tasks and goals. By examining the selected studies' findings, positive relationships between emotional competence and its dimensions and various team learning behaviours were identified. Focussed on emotional competence, the perception of own emotions and others’ emotions supports teams and their members by recognising the emotions that surface during teamwork, while emotional management helps teams deal with these emotions. Although emotional expressiveness as a fourth dimension hardly has been investigated, it plays a key role and is essential to the perception of emotions in a team. Expressing, perceiving and dealing with emotions within a team enables teams and their members to work openly with each other, share and create knowledge, reflect upon teamwork and discuss constructively with each other instead of against each other. Considering the different levels of measurement and analysis, this systematic review provides an in-depth insight into the relationships between emotional competence and team learning behaviours and identifies research gaps such as implications for methodological and future research as well as practical implications for organisational practitioners and teams.     

Leadership provided by non-academic middle-level managers in the Australian higher education sector: the enablers

This study seeks to identify the leadership behaviours displayed by non-academic middle-level managers in the Australian higher education sector. The study also identifies the importance of these leadership behaviours and the leadership effectiveness of these managers. The integrated competing values framework was used to measure leadership behaviours and effectiveness. A total of 75 middle-level managers participated in a 360-degree feedback programme that sought responses from 816 of their work colleagues (line manager, peers and staff). Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to analyse the data. The results of the analysis found that the managers were reasonably effective, were reflective and learnt new behaviours, displayed all leadership behaviours at a reasonable level and considered all the leadership behaviours to be important. In the main, the managers held similar perceptions to their work colleagues. Future research is needed to identify gender and cultural differences.