中小学校长教育科研能力现状与对策建议

依据研究能力的内涵界定,采用自编问卷,以294位参加北京教育学院校长培训项目的中小学校长为样本,调查了当前中小学校长的教育科研能力。调查结果表明:整体上,校长对教育科研的价值和目的有着较为清楚的认识,具备一定的研究能力,但对研究文献的收集和利用相对薄弱;没有研究时间、知识与能力不足,是制约校长进行研究的最主要因素;来自城区学校、乡镇学校和农村学校的校长,在研究能力上有较为明显的差距。基于此,建议加强学习和培训,增强校长对研究的知识积累和实践能力;加强行政支持,给校长从事自主研究的时间和空间;正视城乡差异,增强对农村校长的培养和支持力度。     

远程教育学的基本概念与研究对象之我见

千纪之交,在教育文献和大众传媒中出现频率很高的一个词汇是“远程教育”,这与同期以计算机多媒体和互联网为标志的电子信息通信技术的迅猛发展有关。我国远程教育事业发展很快,远程教育从业人员队伍不断壮大,实践发展呼吁远程教育理论指导和专业培训。对远程教育的基本概念和研究对象作出清晰合理的界定是开展指导和培训的基础。远程教育是一种教育方式与形式还是手段与方法?学校校园中对校内学生的网络教学以及西部中小学通过卫星接收站接收和应用东部优质教育资源是否为远程教育与远程教学?网络学习、在线学习、数字化学习和E—learning是否就是远程学习?该文综述了作者多年来对这一论题的研究成果。     

基于元分析的中小学校长胜任力模型研究

胜任力模型是中小学校长培训、评价、考核的重要参考依据,笔者综合分析国内外理论和实证研究成果,对中小学校长胜任力卓越模型、基准模型、通用模型的相关概念、内涵、构建方法进行辨析;对我国中小学校长胜任力模型实证研究成果进行全面梳理、甄别和分类,研究对象涉及17个省、自治区、直辖市的中小学校长,样本总量2793人。基于实证研究文献样本,运用元分析方法,从理论上构建我国中小学校长胜任力卓越模型、基准模型、通用模型,为中小学校长选拔、培训等提供理论参考。     

基于任务导向的中学校长培训课程研究

中学校长培训课程是为校长完成工作任务提供的专门知识体系和知识结构,应是任务导向的培训课程,其构建应以实践知识为主,以中学校长的工作结构为设计依据。目前,中学校长培训课程存在偏知识本位、知识广度不足、层次不清晰等问题。任务导向的中学校长培训课程具有统一性、层次结构性和实践操作性,门类设置采用模块制课程,分为基础课程模块、专题课程模块。在校长工作任务分析的基础上,对课程模块进一步分解,形成课程库。根据训前诊断,学员选择培训课程,将具有相同需求的校长组成学习共同体,共同设计课程学习方案。     

Workplace conditions for successful teacher professional development: School principals’ beliefs and practices

Research has increasingly shown that school principals exercised a significant role in teacher professional development (TPD). Nevertheless, the insights into the particular influence they exert in this process and how it is exercised still need to be developed. This article focuses on what school principals consider important working conditions for TDP and which leadership practices they use to realise these conditions in their schools. Using a multiple case study design, including 20 semi‐strcutured interviews with primary school principals, the findings show that they consider both structural (sufficient time and evaluation of TDP interventions) and cultural (an open work climate and collaboration) conditions to be important for TDP. Additionally, school principals emphasise the significance of teachers’ learning attitudes, differentiation in professionnalisation efforts and knowledge sharing in their schools. Furthermore, the results highlight that they have trouble in realising these working conditions, especially those for internal learning activities (such as an open work climate). Based on the results, recommendations are made for further research and policy makers concerning the preparation and support that principals need to realise (internal) TDP in their schools.     

首都基础教育“十一五”市级中小学干部培训的原则、策略与主要成绩

“十一五”以来,北京教育学院本着服务性原则、学研行统一原则和专业化发展原则,以资源整合、质量先导和研训一体为策略,在市级中小学干部培训中取得了显著成绩。     

论校长专业化发展的知识基础及其转换模式

校长专业化是当今校长培训的一个共同话题,也是校长培训理念和培训实践需要着力解决的问题之一。知识基础及其转换是促进校长专业化的重要前提。探讨校长专业化过程中知识转换过程规律有助于提高校长培训质量和效益。     

民国时期的基督教师范教育--基于以四川为中心的考察

来自教会内部与外部的师资需求压力是导致清末民初在华基督教师范教育产生与发展的直接原因,培养信教的中国教师以实现教会教育“更彻底的中国化,更有效的教育化,更切实的基督化”乃至在中国长久存在下去的目标则是基督教师范教育发展的根本动力;重视教育理论与教学方法,强调教学实践、教育研究与学用结合,重视中学、西学与宗教教育,是基督教师范教育的共同特点。     

How teachers learn and change in reciprocal learning space

This paper reports the impact of a new Canada and China school network on its participating teachers in the context of the Canada?China Partnership Grant Project. Eight schools formed four pairs of sister schools, and teachers in these schools created collaborations embedded in their practices. The data include interviews of teachers and principals in both countries and records of teachers’ cross-cultural collaborations. Informed by the literature on teacher learning and professional learning communities, this paper shows benefits of international teacher communities. Also, it explores a new approach to research that features spatiality considerations reflecting a new trend in the comparative education literature. Focusing on teacher knowledge and practice, it shows reciprocal effects of collaboration in the international school network. Finally, this paper links the research results to the literature in a way that highlights the potential of international teacher professional learning communities and contributions of this kind of practice and research.     

The relevance of innovative school architecture for school principals

In many cases, innovative forms of learning require innovative concepts of using space in school. However, so far there has been a lack of research concerning the perspectives of school principals as important stakeholders in the adoption of alternative school architecture. The present study examines the importance of alternative school architecture in a sample of 1164 principals (56% females, mean-age 52.7 years) in Austria. An online questionnaire was conducted, containing questions about the school building, innovative forms of learning, and principals’ level of information, perceptions, and thoughts on the relevance of school architecture, as well as their motivation and self-efficacy. Results showed that principals are aware of the advantages of certain architectural elements, although these elements have been implemented in only a few schools. A high proportion of respondents report a lack of information about configurations of space that go beyond the traditional corridor-scheme. We conclude that although principals are in general open for the alternative configuration of space further efforts have to be made to overcome the obstacles that prevent principals from launching new concepts of using space, which are a lack of competitive resources and knowledge as well as an inadequate professional network.     

新中国成立以来我国中小学校长培训发展：回眸与展望

校长培训对中小学校长队伍建设起着至关重要的作用。回眸新中国成立以来,中小学校长培训工作经历了由小到大、由重数量、规模到质量与规模并重的发展历程,在曲折中不断探索前进,经历了孕育产生期、渐进发展期、巩固完善期、质量提高期四个阶段,在培训管理、培训内容与培训方式等方面逐步完善,正在建成新时代中国特色中小学校长培训体系,实现中小学校长培训由"量"到"质"的跨越,多措并举促进乡村中小学校长培训稳步发展。展望新时代,要造就一支政治过硬、品德高尚、业务精湛、治校有方的校长队伍,我们需要深化培训管理体制机制改革,开放校长培训市场;坚持问题导向,服务教育发展重大需求;联动推进"校长工作坊",打造地区培训品牌;加强训后跟踪指导,构建新时代校长培训质量评价标准,培养新时代具有中国特色、世界水准的中小学校长队伍。     

中小学校级干部网络培训模式初探

“十一五”期间是信息技术飞速发展的时期,校级干部培训应有效整合这一资源。在研究中小学校长的成长规律、全面了解区域校级干部的底数及总结“十五”区域中小学校级干部多元化培训模式的基础上,充分利用信息技术及网络资源,构建区域中小学校级干部培训的网上论坛、骨干校长博客团队、网络课程等新模式,以提高校级干部培训的针对性和实效性,缩短校长的成长周期。     

Using developmental relationships in mentoring to support novice principals as leaders of learning

Mentoring is an established method of supporting principals as they begin their careers; however, early studies focus on how a veteran principal supports a novice principal in acquiring the skills to manage the school. As the role of a principal has evolved from a building manager to a leader of learning, the role of mentoring has also evolved. The purpose of this study was to explore the mentoring experiences of novice principals and their mentors in a school district’s mentoring program, and how developmental mentoring relationships support novice principals to be leaders of learning. The ?ndings suggest that a strong mentoring relationship can support a novice principal in developing skills to be a leader of learning by clarifying the mentor’s role as a leader of learning, focusing mentoring sessions to build the mentee’s capacity as a leader of learning, and a commitment to mentoring sessions that support teaching and learning.     

Challenges in preparing aspiring principals for instructional leadership: voices from the field

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine the challenges professors of educational leadership encounter as they prepare aspiring principals to be instructional leaders. Drawing upon an open-ended questionnaire and semi-structured interviews of professors from across the U.S.A., we analyzed significant statements and created themes that illuminate the challenges facing university faculty in preparing aspiring principals for instructional leadership. From the analysis of the combined data sources, five overarching challenges emerged for preparing future principals for the role of instructional leader. These challenges are: (a) teaching instructional leadership via online courses, (b) time in the internship to focus on instructional leadership, (c) instructional leadership mindsets, (d) pedagogical knowledge for use in instructional leadership and (e) the professor’s knowledge/experience in instructional leadership. The five challenges presented in the findings highlight the need for continuous program evaluation and collaboration among faculty to address coursework both in the classroom and in the internship. Additionally, the challenges highlight the need for more research in how to prepare aspiring principals to be culturally responsive and adopt a growth-mindset when it comes to teacher development, and how to create powerful learning experiences for aspiring principals in varying program contexts.     

An empirical investigation of students' behavioural intentions to use the online learning course websites

With the development of the Internet in the era of knowledge‐driven economy, e‐learning is experiencing rapid growth. The online learning course websites are drawing more attention as well. This research combines the innovation diffusion theory and the technology acceptance model, and adds two research variables, perceived system quality and computer self‐efficacy to propose a new hybrid technology acceptance model to study students' behavioural intentions to use the online learning course websites. This research finds that compatibility, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived system quality and computer self‐efficacy were critical factors for students' behavioural intentions to use the online learning course websites. By explaining students' behavioural intentions from a user's perspective, the findings of this research help to develop more user‐friendly websites and also provide insight into the best way to promote new e‐learning tools for students.     

仿真模拟结合情景演练模式在城轨车站应急处理实训课程教学中的应用

仿真实训虽然给职业院校实训教学提供了多种便利,但也存在一些问题。将线上软件仿真实训与线下情景演练相结合,可以更加有效地促进学生专业知识的学习与人文素养的提高。     

A comparison between primary school principals’ and teachers’ perceptions of students’ online risk behaviours: the role of perceived self-efficacy

ABSTRACT

The present study aimed to investigate and compare school principals’ and teachers’ perceptions regarding online risk behaviours in school-aged children, examining simultaneously the predictive role of their perceived self-efficacy in their perceptions under study. The participants were 237 principals and 295 teachers, mainly from Central Macedonia and Attica, who completed a self-reported online questionnaire. According to the findings, participants declared awareness of students’ online risk behaviours. However, compared to teachers, principals to a greater extent felt confident to manage this issue and support school community involvement in the prevention of/intervention in it. Furthermore, principals’ self-efficacy in promoting students’ learning/ethical behaviours in school and teachers’ self-efficacy in managing students’ behavioural problems inside a classroom predicted positively their perceptions under study. The findings indicate the necessity of applying differentiated related training programmes for principals and teachers, highlighting simultaneously the importance of their perceived self-efficacy in how they approach the issue studied.     

Exploring Factors That Promote Online Learning Experiences and Academic Self-Concept of Minority High School Students

The rapid growth of online education at the K-12 level in recent years presents the need to explore issues that influence the academic experiences of students choosing this method of learning. In this study, we examined factors that promote/hinder the learning experiences and academic self-concept of minority students attending an online high school. Qualitative interviews were conducted with twenty-four African American, and sixteen Hispanic high school students. The results showed that collaborative learning activities, access to resources, time convenience, student-teacher interactions, student-student interactions, improved academic behavior, and parental support helped to enhance online learning experiences and academic self-concept of the minority students. On the contrary, the lack of social presence, and the lack of cultural inclusion in course content constrain online learning experiences and academic self-concept of the students. The findings revealed some similarities between factors that influence minority students learning experiences online, and in face-to-face setting. The study also highlighted the need for teachers of online courses to understand the cultural backgrounds of minority students, and to use their knowledge to improve the learning experiences and academic self-concept of these students. Implications for teaching minority high school students in an online environment, as well as suggestions for future research are provided. (Keywords: minority students, K-12 online school, factors, online learning, self-concept)     

论中小学校长专业化发展与培训工作专业化

实现校长专业化发展是加强中小学校长队伍建设的需要，而促进校长专业化发展的主要途径是进行有效的专业化培训。在总结历史经验教训的基础上，从校长的职业定位入手，对中小学校长的职业定位和专业化发展及其与培训工作的关系进行了诠释，并从新的培训理念、课程、方式、手段等方面提出了实现校长培训工作专业化的新思路。     

Tips,Tools, and Techniques for Teaching in the Online High School Classroom

The growing availability of online learning in K-12 education requires understanding of the tools and pedagogy necessary for effective teaching and learning. This paper provides recommendations to advance teaching and meaningful learning in online high school courses. Additionally, it provides principles of practice for teachers, students, and school and district level administrators. It concludes with a list of “best practices” for online, high school teachers. All recommendations are based on the findings from the author’s research in three secondary online learning settings.