浅析制约运动技能获得的若干问题

获得运动技术牵涉着诸多因素,其中教练员与运动员之间的语言交流,兼优化互补内在自身过程是有效掌握技能的关键。     

高校后勤工作的性质、特征、地位和作用

高校后勤工作的本质是对高等教育起服务、保障、支持作用的高校组织活动，具有后勤工作的服务性、后勤服务的价值性、后勤劳动的社会性、后勤系统的可分离性、后勤实体的企业性、后勤体系的教育性等特征。高校后勤工作还起着服务、管理、经营、育人作用。因此，高校后勤工作在高等教育中占有基础地位、支持地位和窗口反映的重要位置。     

School disciplines,social representations,and the construction of the didactics of history,geography, and civics

The author presents a concept of the didactics of history, geography, and civics that seeks to link, through a single dynamic, the civic, political, and social goals of school knowledge with everyday classroom practice and pupils' learning. Two concepts occupy the heart of this construction: those of school disciplines and social representations. The concept of school disciplines addresses the fact that school knowledge is a creation of the school, designed to enable it to achieve the social goals it is assigned. A school discipline is thus a particular combination of goals, content (in the form of shared knowledge), methods, and practices. The concept of social representations is a tool serving to analyze knowledge as theories of the natural and social world, its production, and its reception by the different actors involved.     

听说读写与读说听写──论双语共存的外语教学本质

听、说、读、写这个顺序是人们学习第一语言的基本顺序。读、说、听、写则是人们学习第二语言的顺序。第二语言的学习是在母语的符号思维系统已经建立起来并相当牢固之后开始的；第二语言的学习是在一种自觉状态中进行的，是一种有意识的学习。母语在第二语言的学习过程中起着极其重要的作用。双语共存的教学本质上是一种比较型教学。     

文化方位文化方位隐喻

对于人类社会来说,文化是其重要的组成部分,方位词所体现的空间文化是其不可缺少的成员,而空间方位文化与方位词的文化含义及由此产生的空间方位的隐喻意义的成因是分不开的.中外学者对文化及空间文化有着不同的理解方式.     

明末宋玉资料的辑佚、整理、编辑与其对文学宋玉的传播

明末,有两部辑有宋玉资料的著述,即张燮《七十二家集.宋大夫集》和周圣楷《楚宝.宋玉》。我们通过对两书宋玉资料辑佚、整理、编辑的分析,认为张燮的宋玉资料辑佚与周圣楷的宋玉资料编辑具有互补作用,两者参看可以比较全面地了解宋玉,比较正确地认知宋玉,尤其是能够引导读者从文学的视角审视宋玉;张燮和周圣楷的宋玉资料辑佚、整理、编辑对于文学宋玉的传播有着极其重要的意义。     

赋、比、兴略辨

所谓赋,即一种以直观叙述、描写或议论的方式表达情志或营造意境的诗歌创作方法。它的形式是铺叙,目的是表达情志或营造意境;比是一种用与所要表达之物相关的物象来表达情感或意志的表现手法。其形式是用他物来言此物,目的是间接地表达此物,起到含蓄委婉、意在言外的作用;兴是一种先言＂他物＂,以引起实际所言之词的表现手法,其中实际所言之词是由＂他物＂所感发的。兴的形式是＂先言他物以引起所咏之词＂,能达到兴寄深远、言有尽而意无穷的艺术效果。     

Food Choice Is Multifaceted,Contextual, Dynamic,Multilevel, Integrated,and Diverse

Eating is broadly conceptualized as food choice. Food choice is a complex activity with many dimensions. Food choice is multifaceted as it involves whether, where, when, how long, how, why, with whom, for whom, and under what conditions eating occurs. Food choice is contextual as it is situated within specific conditions and settings involving both individuals and institutions. Food choice is dynamic as it unfolds and is embedded in eating episodes over lifetimes within historical eras. Food choice is multilevel as physical, biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors operate simultaneously and interact. Food choice is integrated as people coordinate many considerations to construct specific eating activities. Food choice is diverse in its broad scope of distinct and unique eating activities. Food choice can be examined using both multi‐perspective and multi‐purpose approaches, and it may not be possible to integrate different perspectives into a unified approach to understanding and changing food choice.     

火焰原子吸收法快速测定高纯锌中痕量Pb,Cd,Fe,Cu,Sb和Mn的含量

用HNO3溶解试样，配制6种元素混合标准系列溶液，用空气－乙炔火焰原子吸收法连续测定Pb,Cd,Fe,Cu,Sb和Mn的含量。建立了优化的仪器测定条件，并进行了相关的干扰实验。方法的回收率为98.9%-102.0%，相对标准偏差为1.8%-2.5%。     

N,N,N,N-四丁基-B,B,B,B-四苯基-硼酸铵的合成与表征

N,N,N,N-四丁基-B,B,B,B-四苯基-硼酸铵是一种有机离子化合物,熔点224-226℃,在300℃以内能稳定存在。本文报导了它的合成,产率为97.2%。通过红外和X-射线测定,确认了产物的结构。本合成方法简便易行,适合大规模生产。预期该化合物在活泼金属电解和作为250-300℃范围内的反应溶剂将有很好的开发应用价值。     

Behavioural and emotional strengths of sociometrically popular,rejected, controversial,neglected, and average children

ABSTRACT

Many behavioural and emotional characteristics are associated with children’s peer relationships. The purpose of this study is to examine behavioural and emotional strengths of sociometrically popular, rejected, controversial, neglected, and average children. 773 third-grade children (51% girls) are assessed with a sociometric questionnaire and self-evaluations of their behavioural and emotional strengths and difficulties. Teacher evaluations are also used to assess the children’s academic competencies and behaviour. Univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) is used to analyse the data. Results indicate that children in the popular status group assess their behavioural and emotional strengths as being better than children in the rejected status group. The behavioural profile of the controversial status group is similar to that of the rejected status group. Children in the neglected status group differ from other sociometric status groups in some behavioural and emotional strengths. Issues pertaining to gender differences are also discussed.     

设计哲学的性质、视野和意义

设计作为一种发源于或基于生产劳动的广义的创造活动,与人类的认识活动和能力一样,是人类的基本活动及其内在机制之一。传统哲学中的认识论主义和先验的道德主义,使得哲学基本上丧失对这一基本人类活动领域的洞察力,这是哲学的一个严重的疏漏和错误,但这种错漏的根源在于社会历史本身的局限性。在工业社会和高技术时代,设计或广义的创制活动越来越成为工业世界以及整个人类社会的存在基础。探讨设计和创制活动的机制和社会文化意义,不仅可以恢复哲学应有的宽阔视野和文化活力,而且对于理解和应对当代社会和文化的诸多矛盾将发挥极其重要的作用。     

Mastery,insight, and the teaching of chemistry

The learning of chemistry is described as a process analogous to the process of making chemical discoveries. Historical examples are given to show how chemists have used their insight to break out of a conceptual loop in order to advance the science. Having the insight to make the intuitive leap necessary to break a conceptual loop is as important as having the mastery of the pertinent facts. As in making chemical discoveries, learning elementary chemistry requires developing insight as well as acquiring mastery of the facts. However, current general chemistry teaching tends to teach facts first and insight later. Suggestions for improving this situation so that insight and facts are learned together are given. Finally, the nature of insight is probed more deeply and presented as a two-step process where the first step is an evaluation of the perceptions about science which are held. Once the student, teacher, or researcher has a clear evaluation of the validity of the perceptions that he or she holds, further significant progress toward understanding or scientific discovery is possible.     

图像·色彩·材料·风格——论书籍装帧艺术设计的构成因素

书籍的设计虽受制于内容主题，但绝非狭隘的字解说或简单的外包装。设计应从书中挖掘深层涵义。觅寻主体旋律、安排节奏起伏，在时间艺术中体现空间感受；运用理性化的意识捕捉住表达全书内涵的各类要素；到位的书籍形式、严谨的字排列、准确的图像选择、有时间感受的余白、合理的色彩配置、个性化的材料运用……构筑现代书籍装帧艺术设计的新观念、新形态。     

The unintended consequences of school inspection: the prevalence of inspection side-effects in Austria,the Czech Republic,England, Ireland,the Netherlands,Sweden, and Switzerland

It has been widely documented that accountability systems, including school inspections, bring with them unintended side effects. These unintended effects are often negative and have the potential to undo the intended positive effects. However the empirical evidence is limited. Through a European comparative study we have had the rare opportunity to collect empirical evidence and study the effects (both intended and unintended) of school inspections (a key system of accountability) in a systematic way, across seven countries. We present the findings of the unintended effects in this paper. Survey self-report responses from school principals in each country, with differing school inspection systems, are analysed to measure the prevalence of these unintended effects and to investigate the part played by pressure to do well in inspections. A key finding is that increasing pressure in school inspection systems is associated with the undesired effect of the narrowing and refocusing of the curriculum and instructional strategies. We also show that a proportion of school principals admit to misrepresenting the school in data sent to the inspectorate and show evidence for formalisation/proceduralisation (excessive focus on records) and ossification (fear of experimentation in teaching), although these factors are less related to changes in pressure.     

辽宋夏金政权历史地位辨

公元907年唐王朝灭亡,中国迎来了历史上的第三次民族大融合。在这一时期,中华大地上呈现出辽宋夏金等多民族政权割据的局面,这些地方政权虽由不同民族建立,却皆以正统自居,承认自己是历史上某个朝代或某个政权的延朔,并多以统一天下为己任。文章主要以辽宋夏金割据一方的历史事实为依据,对古代"中国"的含义和"夷夏"观念的演进进行分析,认为辽宋夏金政权皆属于历史时期的中国之范畴。     

Learning Style Preferences of Armenian, African, Hispanic, Hmong, Korean, Mexican, and Anglo Students in American Secondary Schools

This is a study concerning the basic perceptual learning style preferences (auditory, visual, kinesthetic, and tactile) and preferences for group and individual learning of Armenian, African, Hispanic, Hmong, Korean, Mexican, and Anglo students in American secondary schools. The results of the study reveal significant ethnic group and sex differences in their learning style preferences, as well as students' achievement level differences. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

一字之形声韵兼备、音义俱全者十例

汉语是单音节语，一个单音节的词，能不能再分析?一般是不分析了。这里列举十例，它们在造字时代的字形上就作了声与韵的分析，简单之中有复杂，其中还大有奥秘，还有一片新的天地。这样，单音节语的历史研究才成为可能。     

论中国古典舞手、眼、身、法、步在舞蹈课教学中的地位

中国古典舞是从戏曲舞蹈和武术身法的精华中提取发展而成的舞种,融合了中国古代舞蹈的美学和当代的审美观点和原理。鉴于手、眼、身、法、步是中国古典舞的精髓和灵魂,本文就从中国古典舞蹈课的教学出发,就中国古典舞的手、眼、身、法、步在舞蹈课教学中的地位进行了初步的探讨与分析。     

月人词:热人、景、情、事的巧妙融合

月人是我国当代著名的词人、词学家,也是我国古今词人中存词最多的杰出词人。月人的词作,内容包罗万象,凡小说、散文、诗歌能承担的反映生活的功能,月人的词都可以承担。《何满子》叙写游泳池开业,《浪淘沙》叙写观山,皆能言人所不能言,令人生发豪情。