美国图书馆学情报学专业的课程调整与新课程模块

本文介绍了近年来美国图书馆学情报学专业的课程调整情况,并重点介绍了几所大学的图书馆学情报学专业的核心课程与新课程模块.     

俄罗斯图书馆学情报学高等专业教育:国家标准与发展方向

20世纪90年代以后,由于国家政治、经济体制的变化和现代信息技术对图书馆事业的广泛影响,俄罗斯的图书馆学情报学教育遇到了重大的压力和挑战,面临变革的艰巨任务。第三版俄罗斯图书馆学情报学专业教育国家标准的出台并实施,明确了俄罗斯图书馆学情报学专业教育的变革方向,即专业人才培养类型多元化、课程结构人文化和技术化并重以及教育质量评估制度化,展示了俄罗斯图书馆学情报学专业教育的良好前景。     

南开大学图书馆学情报学系举办研究生课程进修班

为了适应改革开放形势下图书情报事业的发展需要，培养图书馆学情报学专业的高级专门人才，南开大学图书馆学情报学系自1993年起举办研究生课程进修班。     

访澳见闻——澳大利亚的图书馆学情报学教育

<正> 1986—1987年笔者有机会在澳大利亚国立大学图书馆学习一年,其间在堪培拉高等教育学院的图书馆学情报学中心选修了比较图书馆学、图书馆系统管理、参考工具书、研究资源等四门课程,同时,有机会访问了蒙那时大学图书馆学研究生院、墨尔本皇家工学院图书馆学情报学专业、新南威尔士大学图书馆学系和克伦加高等教育学院图书馆学情报学系,与澳洲的同行们进行了各种讨论和交流,并对那里的图书馆学和情报学教育的发展及现状形成了一些初步的印象。     

国际图书馆学情报学文献的书目控制

<正> 国际图书馆学情报学文献的书目控制主要集中在两个层次。一是综合性的社会科学检索工具承担了对书籍、学位论文、政策出版物、会议录等的书目控制。如美国的《在版书目》、《在版书目主题索引》及时报道图书馆学情报学领域的新书,《国际学位论文文摘》提供英美等国最新完成的图书馆学情报学博士论文的摘要。《即期目次:社会科学和行为科学》报道三十多种即将发刊的图书馆学情报学期刊目次一栏表。二是专业检索工具重点服务于图书馆学情报学期刊杂志,同时兼及专著、会议录、技术报告、研究报告等其它文献形式。由于期刊文献是图书馆学情报学研究和实践的最重要的文献源,因此,对这一类文献的书目控制是非常重要的。根据Gail R.Purcell等人对美国、英国、原苏联、德国、法国、日本、加拿大、古巴、保加利亚,阿根庭、捷克、匈牙利、荷兰等国的调查,这些国家共有图书馆学情报学文摘和索引60种,其中41种是非英语,13种为美国出版。本文从中选择五种最具有国际性的文摘、索引进行调查、分析、比较,从而探讨国际图书馆学情报学专业文献,特别是期刊文献书目控制的方式和特点。     

论世纪之交的我国图书馆学情报学与图书馆学情报学教育

从我国图书馆学情报学研究与教育现状出发,探讨世纪之交现代信息技术对图书馆学情报学的影响,图书馆学情报学学科地位及名称规范化、图书馆学情报学教育、人才培养和课程设置等问题。     

图书馆学情报学中的电子政务研究

为探索电子政务研究与图书馆学情报学的关系,调查我国图书馆学情报学专业硕士与博士培养单位电子政务相关研究方向的设置情况,并对我国图书馆学情报学核心期刊中电子政务的相关论文进行文献计量分析。主要分析论文的作者和机构、基金资助、研究热点与主题分布情况,发现电子政务是图书馆学情报学的重要研究领域。目前,作为交叉学科领域的电子政务研究主题正呈现出学科分化的趋势;今后,图书馆学情报学专业的电子政务研究应当更加聚焦于本专业的核心研究课题。     

重视图书馆学研究者中非图书馆学专业出身的专业人员的构成

我国从事图书馆学研究的研究者,若按其所受专业教育去划分,可分为三类:接受过图书馆学情报学专业教育(包括图书馆学专业电大、函授教育,以下同)的;受过非图书馆学专业教育的;未受过任何专业教育的。在这三类研究者中,接受过图书馆学情报学专业教育的图书馆学研究者是图书馆学研究的中流砥柱,他们的扰势是明显的,取得的成果是丰硕     

iSchool视野下加拿大图书情报学教育的分析与思索

介绍加拿大图书情报学教育的体系及特点，包括学院名称及其特色课程、学院教育的专业化、所开展的国际合作等内容；并以加拿大图书情报学教育为背景，探讨图书情报学教育中“信息”内容的拓展以及图书情报学教育应对的挑战。指出应采取培育自身特色，整合优势资源以及在图书馆学-图书情报学-信息科学／信息研究的广阔空间内寻找准确“定位”的对策。     

加拿大儿童图书馆学教育现状与特点

[目的/意义]研究加拿大高校儿童图书馆学教育现状与特点,旨在为我国儿童图书馆学专业教育的尽快开展提供参考与借鉴。[方法/过程]采用网络调研方法,从学科学位、课程设置、师资力量3个方面深入调查与分析加拿大儿童图书馆学教育的内容。[结果/结论]总结得出加拿大在儿童图书馆学教育领域具有学科交叉性较强、课程细化程度较高以及学以致用原则凸显等特点,提出对我国开展儿童图书馆学教育的3点启示:以交叉学科为背景,增设联合型学位课程;以专业教材为指导,细化层次性课程分类;以专职教师为依托,构建应用型教学模式。     

A practical comparative study of several treatments for waterlogged wood

Abstract

In this study, the following methods of treatment have been studied: bulking with PEG 4000 in water, methanol and t-butanol solvents; bulking with PEG 540 blend in water; bulking with rosin in acetone; freeze-drying from different concentrations of PEG 400 with various methods of pre-freezing; in situ polymerization with glycol methacrylate and with a melamine formaldehyde resin; water displacement with methylene chloride followed by rosin impregnation. They have all been carried out with five groups of waterlogged wood representative of different species and various states of degradation. Freezedrying, PEG 4000 impregnation in t-butanol and PEG 540 blend impregnation in water gave the most satisfactory results, based on appearance and shrinkage.     

Emotions Management Skills and Barriers with Library Staff: A Correlational Survey of Agriculture Students

The literature has identified barriers with library staff as one of the important barriers affecting academic activities of students and also recognized the relationship of various academic and demographic characteristics of students with it. The emotions management skills of students may be one of the possible correlates of the barriers with library staff. This study was designed to investigate the levels of barriers with library staff and emotions management skills as well as their possible correlation using two standardized scales. The data were collected from the final year undergraduate agriculture students. The results confirmed the existence of barriers with library staff among the participants of both genders experiencing the same level of anxiety. The participants scored 3.75 (average) on the emotions management scale. The results also revealed significantly negative correlation between emotions management skills and barriers with library staff among these students. These results have many practical implications in the sphere of academic librarianship.     

A Note on the Products of the Reaction of AMT with Bronze and with Three Corrosion Products of Bronze

Abstract

The compound 5-amino-2-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole (AMT) is utilized in the conservation of archaeological and artistic bronze artifacts, for their protection and for the removal of corrosion products. Many authors have discussed the utility and efficacy of this, but few have studied the products resulting from the reaction of AMT with bronze or with the corrosion products of bronze; this leaves the restorer with many doubts concerning the acceptability of this method. This paper discusses the study of products obtained from the reaction of AMT with synthesized corrosion products of bronze (malachite, paratacamite and brochantite) and with the commercial bronze alloy TM 23 (Cu 72%, Pb 15%, Zn 8% and Sn 5%). It was found that the film obtained from the direct reaction of AMT with the bronze alloy can be AMT itself, or the metallic complex Cu(C₂H₂N₃S₂)₂·H₂O if AMT is applied in a solution of an oxidizing acid. These results are expected to be of value to conservation scientists and restorers/ conservators concerned with the use of AMT for the conservation of bronze artifacts.     

Two Stangengläser from the collection of the Museum of Decorative Arts in Prague: Decorative techniques,material analyses,and conservation

Abstract

The two Stangengläser, tall cylindrical vessels from the beginning of the seventeenth century, are described in detail. The severely damaged Stangengläser, decorated with diamond-point engraving and cold-painting, were challenging to treat. Research preceding the conservation revealed differences in decorating techniques. Samples of the paint layers were analyzed using micro-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Two layers of resinous varnish with a middle layer of paint containing a plant gum were found on the Stangenglas with Allegory of Caritas and Zierotin coat of arms. In the plain paint layer of the Stangenglas with dancing couples, egg white was identified as the binder. The glasses, analyzed using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, had similar potash–lime–silica compositions, which seems to be characteristic for glass from Bohemian lands. Results of analysis contributed to the discussion about the possible provenance of the Stangengläser, the glassworks at Wilhelmberg, South Bohemia.     

An index for evaluating journals in a small domestic citation index database whose citation rate is generally very low: A test based on the Korea Citation Index (KCI) database

This study describes the meaning of and the formula for S-index, which is a novel evaluation index based on the number of citations of each article in a particular journal and the rank of the article according to the number of citations. This study compares S-index with Impact Factor (IF), which is the most well-known evaluation index, using the Korea Citation Index data. It is shown that S-index is positively correlated with the number of articles published in a journal. Tapered h-index (h_T-index), which is based on all articles of a journal like S-index, is compared with S-index. It is shown that there is a very strong positive correlation between S-index and h_T-index. Although S-index is similar to h_T-index, S-index has a slightly better differentiating power and ranks the journal with evenly cited articles higher.     

When Glass and Metal Corrode Together,VI: Chalconatronite

ABSTRACT

Chalconatronite, Na₂[Cu(CO₃)]₂·3H₂O, is formed as a corrosion product when copper alloys are exposed to sodium carbonate solutions in the air. This also happens when metals come into contact with corroding soda glass which forms alkaline surface films in reaction with humidity from clean air. More often, substantial amounts of formaldehyde are present indoors which react to formate via the Cannizzarro reaction and accumulate over time in the films. Twenty cases of chalconatronite (including two mentioned in the literature) are reported as occurring on heritage objects with glass in contact with copper alloys: Baroque reliquaries with set glass gems, enamel on metal (sixteenth century and a modern replica of intentionally unstable composition), Christmas tree glass baubles with wires, glass buttons with metal shanks, a glass figure with a wire support, miners’ lamps, and a glass framed daguerreotype. These confirmed identifications might help conservators in investigating similar cases to shed more light on the formation conditions.     

基于全社会层面的弱势群体知识援助体系建设

总结近年来弱势群体知识援助研究的理论,针对公共图书馆知识援助存在的局限性,结合文献信息单位分布的特点,探讨建立全社会层面弱势群体知识援助体系的必要性。初步构建适应现时代弱势群体知识援助的五种模式,即以公共图书馆为主体的知识援助模式,以“农家书屋”工程为主的新闻出版援助模式,以“文化共享工程”为主的文化、财政援助模式,以“三下乡”社会实践活动为主的高校知识援助模式,以志愿者服务和社会捐助为主的民间知识援助模式。提出知识援助体系正常运行的保障措施。     

Mineralogical changes arising from the use of aqueous sodium carbonate solutions for the treatment of archaeological copper objects

Abstract

Mineralogical changes which occur during the reaction of copper(II) chloride with carbonate in aqueous solution have been investigated, and compared with those involving copper(I) chloride, nantokite, CuCI, and copper artifacts coated with malachite, CU₂CO₃(OH)₂ The reactions observed and the products obtained are seen to have implications with respect to the use of aqueous sodium carbonate solutions to stabilize archaeological copper objects. The frequent observation of the mineralogically rare species chalconatronite, Na₂Cu(CO₃)₂·3H₂O, on the surface of treated objects is readily explained by known reaction chemistry. Its formation can be minimized by washing the object after treatment.     

A passive tube-type sampler for the determination of formaldehyde vapours in museum enclosures

Abstract

A tube-type passive sampling method has been developed and assessed for the quantification of formaldehyde (methanal) vapours in indoor air. The sampler was designed for use in museums where test sites often include small enclosures with low air movement. The procedure involves collection of formaldehyde vapours in a Palmes diffusion tube containing a paper support impregnated with an acidified solution of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (2,4-DNPH). After sampling, quantification of the trapped F-DNPH is achieved by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with UV detection at 350nm. To validate the procedure, permeation devices were used to generate formaldehyde-containing atmospheres, 81–2975ppb, in a 20dm³ chamber so that experimentally derived sampling rates could be calculated and compared with the theoretical value. Three 2,4-DNPH solutions were investigated to obtain an efficient and stable trapping solution. Best results were achieved with a 27mg.ml^?1 solution of 2,4-DNPH which contained 4·5%v/v orthophosphoric acid. At 55% RH, and with low airflow in the chamber, the experimentally derived sampling rate of 1·34 ± 0·17ml.min^?1 was in good agreement with the theoretically derived sampling rate of 1·36ml.min^?1 The passive sampling method was repeatable and reproducible with RSD (relative standard deviation) values below 7%for long-term exposures at low air velocities.     

BioOne and SPIE: A reflection on the first 3 years of the nonprofit platform partnership

• There is great potential for organizations to form collaborative partnerships, particularly in the nonprofit environment, which can reduce costs and aid in strategic development.
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