注意缺陷多动障碍儿童的抑制控制与转换

目的:探讨注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)儿童的抑制控制和转换功能.方法:采用图形选择测验、威斯康星卡片分类测验(WCST)、昼夜Stroop测验和字色Stroop测验,以23例ADHD儿童和22例普通对照儿童为研究对象,对其抑制控制能力、转换能力进行测试比较.结果:1.ADHD儿童完成图形选择测验转换任务时间较普通对照组儿童明显延长,犯错误数明显增多;2.ADHD儿童完成威斯康星卡片分类测验的错误应答数、持续性错误数明显比普通儿童多,差异极其显著;3.两组儿童完成昼夜Stroop测验时冲突任务平均时上有显著性差异,ADHD儿童的反应时多于普通儿童;4.ADHD儿童完成字色Stroop测验的干扰任务反应时较普通对照组儿童显著延长.结论:ADHD儿童的抑制控制能力和转换能力显著低于普通儿童.     

听障儿童听觉Stroop效应的研究综述

结合近年来的相关研究,阐述了听觉Stroop效应和听障儿童听觉Stroop效应的概念,介绍了听障儿童听觉Stroop效应研究范式,听障儿童听觉Stroop效应的影响因素,探讨了听障儿童听觉Stroop效应未来研究方向.     

从心理学观点分析普通话水平智能测试

开展计算机辅助普通话水平测试工作,是我国普通话水平测试的一座里程碑。文章从心理学角度（晕轮效应和刻板效应）对其进行评述,以期人们能从整体上了解计算机辅助普通话水平测试工作的基本情况,对今后的研究有所帮助。     

试论计算机辅助教学中有关测试的问题

简述计算机辅助教学（CAI）中测试方向的发展历史,提出了实施测试适应性教学的时间控制决策模型。     

题型对测试效应的影响及其对二语教学的启示

与重复学习相比,对所学内容进行测试能够更好地提高记忆效果,这一现象被称为测试效应。近年来,随着测试效应研究的不断深入,越来越多的证据表明其强度受到诸多因素的影响,其中一个因素就是测试题型。本文从回忆与再认的角度出发,综述测试效应中的测试题型相关研究以及结果,指出二语教学者和学习者应该合理运用不同的测试题型,从而发挥测试效应的最大优势,增强二语教学的效果。     

非英语专业大学生英语过渡语中的介词错误分析研究

本研究以一组非英语专业大学生为调查对象,通过对他们三个时期完成的介词测试进行定性和定量分析,研究非英语专业大学生过渡语中的介词使用情况。结果显示：（1）学生简单介词比复杂介词掌握的好;与动词搭配的介词比与形容词、名词搭配的介词掌握的好。（2）学生随着英语学习的深入,造成错误的主要原因由语际干扰逐渐变为语内干扰。     

语言测试反拨作用文献综述

随着语言测试学逐步兴起,语言测试反拨作用在语言教学中的作用日益彰显,引起学者极大关注。本文通过对已有研究进行梳理,就反拨作用的定义、尺度、方向（正向和负向）,假设、机制等相关问题进行系统、深入的剖析,探寻了语言测试反拨的发展,旨在丰富、深化语言测试学理论发展,期望通过讨论提高教师语言教学的效果,促进学生语言学习的兴趣。     

试论测试在英语教学中的反拨作用

测试对教和学的影响被称为测试反拨。所谓“反拨效应”（washback or backwash）指语言测试对教与学带来的冲击和影响,同时还指语言测试对课程设置、教育者以及人才培养等所带来的影响（转引自：郑新民,2005）。英语测试对英语教学有着极大的反拨作用,它主要表现在两个方面：正向反拨作用（active washback）和负向反拨作用（negetive washback）,正向反拨作用可以促进我们的教和学,而负向反拨作用则会阻碍我们的教和学。     

认识小干扰RNA、微RNA和RNA干扰

近年来随着RNA干扰（RNAi）技术在生命领域的应用和小分子RNA研究的深入,RNA逐渐成为生命科学领域的一个研究热点。本文就RNA干扰技术及小干扰RNA（siRNA）和微RNA（m／RNA）间的关系进行了介绍。     

大学英语口语测试及其反拨效应探讨

教学与测试是密切相连并可以相互服务的。加入口语测试这一环节是大学英语测试改革最为重要的步骤之一。本文以Bachman（1990）所倡导的交际能力模式为基础,结合大学英语口语测试的特点讨论了这一新的测试环节对大学英语教学所产生的反拨效应。在实际大学英语教学中,教师应充分利用口语测试这一环节所带来的积极的反拨效应。     

An investigation of the Stroop effect among deaf signers in English and Japanese: automatic processing or memory retrieval?

Most studies on the Stroop effect (unintentional automatic word processing) have been restricted to English speakers using vocal responses. Little is known about this effect with deaf signers. The study compared Stroop task responses among four different samples: deaf participants from a Japanese-language environment and from an English-language environment; and hearing individuals from Japan and from Australia. Color words were prepared in both English and Japanese and were presented in three conditions: congruent (e.g., the word red printed in red), incongruent (e.g., red printed in blue), and neutral. The magnitude of the effect was greater with the deaf participants than with the hearing participants. The deaf individuals experienced more interference in English than in Japanese.     

控制县级政府规模的两个途径

目前,在县级政府财政十分吃紧的情况下,必须控制政府的规模。但是,以往的改革主要是通过政府的外延规模来操作的,效果并不明显,因此对县级政府规模的控制要通过外延控制与内涵控制来实现,特别是内涵式控制更具有现实意义。     

Direct and indirect effects of executive function on reading comprehension in young adults

The purpose of this study was to examine what components of executive function (EF) – inhibition, shifting and updating/working memory – predict reading comprehension in young adults. Ninety university students (65 females, 25 males; mean age = 21.82 years) were assessed on shifting (Planned Connections and Colour/Shape Shifting), inhibition (Colour‐Word Stroop and Number Stroop), updating/working memory (Digit Memory and Listening Span), reading fluency (Word Reading Efficiency), vocabulary (Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test), and reading comprehension (Nelson‐Denny Reading Test). The results of path analysis indicated that only shifting predicted directly reading comprehension. These findings extend those of previous studies showing that different EF components predict different reading outcomes and suggest that EF has a place in reading comprehension models over and above traditional predictors of reading comprehension such as reading fluency and vocabulary.     

Executive function skills of 6–8 year olds: Brain and behavioral evidence and implications for school achievement

Academic and social success in school has been linked to children’s self-regulation. This study investigated the assessment of the executive function (EF) component of self-regulation using a low-cost, easily administered measure to determine whether scores obtained from the behavioral task would agree with those obtained using a laboratory-based neuropsychological measure of EF skills. The sample included 74 children (37 females; M = 86.2 months) who participated in two assessments of working memory and inhibitory control: Knock–Tap (NEPSY: Korkman, Kirk, & Kemp, 1998), and participated in event-related potential (ERP) testing that included the directional stroop test ( DST, Davidson, Cruess, Diamond, O’Craven, and Savoy (1999)). Three main findings emerged. First, children grouped as high vs. low performing on the NEPSY Knock–Tap Task were found to perform differently on the more difficult conditions of the DST (the Incongruent and Mixed Conditions), suggesting that the Knock–Tap Task as a low-cost and easy to administer assessment of EF skills may be one way for teachers to identify students with poor inhibitory control skills. Second, children’s performance on the DST was strongly related to their ERP responses, adding to evidence that differences in behavioral performance on the DST as a measure of EF skills reflect corresponding differences in brain processing. Finally, differences in brain processing on the DST task also were found when the children were grouped based on Knock–Tap performance. Simple screening procedures can enable teachers to identify children whose distractibility, inattentiveness, or poor attention spans may interfere with classroom learning.     

Stroop效应在催眠研究中的争论

催眠的内在机制一直是研究者们争论的焦点。文章旨在对近二十年运用Stroop效应研究催眠原理的文献进行综述．并评价其结果体现的一些差异。     

Effects of locus of control on behavioral intention and learning performance of energy knowledge in game-based learning

Game-based learning has been gradually adopted in energy education as an effective learning tool because digital games have the potential to increase energy literacy and encourage behavior change. However, not every learner can benefit from this support. There is a need to examine how human factors affect learners’ reactions to digital games for supporting learning. This study addresses this issue by developing a digital educational game and examining the effects of locus of control on behavioral intention and learning performance of energy knowledge in game-based learning. The results demonstrated that learners with internal locus of control (ILC) outperformed external locus of control (ELC) learners in energy knowledge after interacting with the game. Moreover, the proposed game can reasonably reduce the differences in the behavioral intention of the ILC and ELC learners, indicating that ELC learners significantly improved their behavioral intention after playing the game, especially their external behavioral intention in the aspects of persuasion, legal action, and political action. The findings of this study are discussed to enhance the understanding of locus of control on behavioral intention and energy knowledge in the context of digital games.     

汽车电子技术与微机工程测控技术实验教学的探索

“汽车电子技术”作为汽车专业学生的一门重要专业课,越来越受到重视。要学好这门课,实验教学环节尤其重要。“微机工程测控技术”作为其基础知识,更是必不可少,如果把两门课程结合起来,相辅相承,不仅提高了两门课程的实验教学质量,同时也能激发学生学习两门课程的兴趣,使学生所学的知识更加扎实。     

《体育测量评价》试卷分析

运用数理统计原理,对体育系94级《体育测量评价》期末试卷进行定性、定量的分析,结果表明：试卷的效度和信度良好;致使学生成绩偏低的重要原因是试卷难度偏大.教师应加强体育专业学生专业理论学习的力度,着重培养学生理论联系实际的能力.     

Control of orbit and control of chaos in a class of dynamic system

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Rate Control for MPEG-4 Bit Stream

Totransmitthemultimediadataovertheinternet ,pre encodedvideobitstreamsarepreferablebecauseofthelimitofthenetworkbandwidth .Inmostcases ,theencodershouldknowthechannelcharacteristicsinad vanceandencodethemasparameters .Consequently ,theflexibilityisreduced .Theratecontrolisemployedtocontroltheoutputbitrateaccordingtonetworkcondi tions.Forwirelessnetworks ,theirbandwidthsaremuchmorelimitedthanwirenetworks.Soratecontrolbecomesespeciallyimportantfortransmittingmultimediaoverthewirelessdomains[1- …