论《新唐书·艺文志》史部起居注类“诏令一家”的设立

在中国古代目录中,"诏令"之书曾长期被作为"文集"而著录于集部。然而,从《旧唐书·经籍志》开始,"诏令"开始由集部向史部移动,至《新唐书·艺文志》在史部起居注类附设"诏令一家","诏令"最终成为史部的组成部分。"两唐志"诏令文献类目的调整变动,是唐中期以后中国古代政治制度的演变在目录编撰上的体现,是宋代档案文献思想进步的产物,对于后世目录学的发展具有重要的影响。     

四库全书私人呈送本中的家族本

在四库全书私人呈送本中,有一部分在京官员呈送的图书,仅仅是自己家族的著作。他们利用朝廷向全国征集图书的机会,把自己家族的著作呈送朝廷,以供采择。这一特点在四库学论著中尚未被论及。     

中国古代地方官府与民间诏敕文书专藏场所源流演变考述—以敕书之室为例

诏敕文书专藏之室是我国古代官方和民间档案保管场所的重要组成部分。本文通过“E考据”的方法,在搜剔爬梳古今文献的基础上,以敕体的源流演变为主线,结合特定的时代背景,考证了以“敕书”名室者在古代的存续脉络。敕书之室滥觞于唐代,是散见于内地县治和边疆寺宇的个别现象。至北宋时,宋初的建法立制改革推动了编敕制度的兴起,敕书库和敕书楼相继上升为一种普遍的地方官署档案保管场所,为地方性的专门编敕服务。南宋时,官府内部的机构改革使得敕书楼逐渐被架阁库所取代,敕书楼由官方转向民间。至明清时,敕体不再是法规形式,敕书之室的建筑主体由北宋单一的地方政府演化为官方和民间并存并逐渐以民间为主的结构。由于明代饥岁灾荒频繁而实行劝分政策和旌表制度,导致因赐敕旌义而特建楼、阁专藏的现象尤为频繁。     

清代圣旨字迹显现研究

圣旨是研究当时社会政治、经济和文化等的珍贵资料。圣旨中的字迹在长期的储存过程中褪色淡化,导致历史信息消失而失去相应的价值。对圣旨褪色的成因进行分析,进而采用显现剂纳米二氧化硅/正丁醇分散液对字迹进行显现。采用红外光谱、扫描电镜和视频接触角考察显现剂对模拟样的影响;通过色差和力学性能评价显现剂对模拟样耐老化性能的影响。结果表明,显现剂能清晰地显现模糊不清的字迹而未明显改变圣旨的形貌和组成结构;提高了圣旨基材的力学性能和耐老化性能,对圣旨的长久保存具有重要意义。该方法对同类型的字迹显现具有一定的借鉴作用。     

明代进士题名碑上的试官题名

北京孔庙和国子监博物馆现存明代进士题名碑77通,其中20通石碑的碑阴处刻有"试官题名",记载着殿试考官的信息。进士题名碑上的试官题名源自宋代,传承于元,结束于明中期,现存可见者均为明代碑刻。题名碑上的试官题名虽已有风化现象,但大多数考官信息仍可辨识,是非常珍贵的科举原始资料,将其与《登科录》比对,可填补永乐朝殿试考官信息。同时,两种材料亦可互相订正,纠正讹误,为研究明代考官制度提供更加准确的资料。     

REPRESENTING ‘INFORMAL EMPIRE’ IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY

This article proposes an approach to media imperialism from the telegraphic news agencies’ point of view. Since the mid-nineteenth century, in fact, Western imperial interests were reflected in the geographical expansion led by the first international news agencies. The War of the Pacific (1879–83) in South America provides an entry point for investigating both the notion of the British ‘informal empire’ and the role of the first telegraphic news agencies in the South American region. The history of the news agency business in the subcontinent from the 1850s onwards helps contextualize the conflict between the South American republics of Bolivia, Chile and Peru as news agencies, newspapers and other information practices of the time revealed this event in Europe and the rest of the world. By the end of the war, Reuters and Havas (the British and the French news agencies), numbered their own casualties as a consequence of their confrontation in an extra-European region.     

孙宗濂、孙仰曾家世及藏书考论

四库馆开后,孙仰曾家族进呈图书二百余种,在私人进献者中名列前茅,但因资料所限,其家族情况、藏书及进呈事迹并不彰显。尤其是孙仰曾父子因家乘未备,误将自己列为明重臣孙镊后裔,《四库全书总目》因之而误,为学界因袭至今。论文据南京图书馆所藏孤本孙仰曾《寿松堂进呈书目》、孙峻《寿松堂藏书目》及上图、浙图藏多种稀见孙氏族谱,对孙氏家族及寿松堂藏书、进呈事迹予以考辨。     

What happened to those fans several years later?: empowerment from Super Girls’ Voice for girls in China (2007–2015)

This longitudinal study explored the popularity and social significance of the 2005 season of the prominent Chinese television show Super Girls’ Voice (a talent show similar to Pop Idol in the UK) regarding gender issues. Based on three focus group studies of the show’s young female audience conducted in 2007, 2010, and 2015, we contend that tomboyish contestants, specifically Li Yuchun, were designated androgynous by most participants. Androgyny was largely perceived as a flexible gender identity that integrated the favorable appearance and personality traits of femininity and masculinity, a view that challenges normative femininity. Most participants also applied this meaning of the term to their own social lives, while some of the participants who were of school age in 2005 applied it to both their social lives and their construction of gender identity by copying the androgynous style. From a time-related perspective, however, we suggest that those participants who had copied the androgynous style were more willing to conform their appearance to the standards of normative femininity several years later, and renegotiated their gender identity in alignment with traditional patriarchal norms.     

New Woman Novels in Newspapers

This article will examine the involvement of the Empire Press Union, including prominent early members like Lord Northcliffe and its founder Sir Harry Brittain, in the development of imperial air services as part of a larger ongoing study involving India, Australia and New Zealand. The main focus will be on the first three decades of the organization (1909–39) and on its regular conference activity which correspond with the pioneering period of aviation in Britain and in the antipodes. The press, as will be shown, had a commercial stake in the pioneer aviation story, while the Empire Press Union, for reasons to be outlined below, had a strong interest in Imperial Airways’ plans to develop the ‘longest air route in the world’ to that time. The focus of this analysis is inevitably limited: it does not, for example, deal with the ambitious British airship experiment which competed for funds and publicity with aviation, albeit with tragic outcomes. In contrast with the triumphalism of traditional communication and press narratives, it uncovers a complex faltering set of developments in which the Empire Press Union, both for altruistic and self-interested motives, played its part. In general terms, this involvement also serves to confirm that the Empire Press Union and its elaborate conferences paid increasing attention to new and emerging technologies like aviation and broadcasting in the interwar years. Moreover, this interest was not solely a response to the commercial challenges which such inventions posed to newspapers and print journalism; rather it reflected the willingness of the Press Union leadership, both in Britain and elsewhere, to harness such developments in the interests of speedier and cheaper imperial communications.     

京师大学堂藏书楼(图书馆)历任负责人考述

北京大学图书馆的前身是京师大学堂藏书楼,1904年京师大学堂藏书楼改名为图书馆。藏书楼的负责人叫提调,图书馆的负责人叫图书馆经理官。从1898年创立,到1912年5月改名为北京大学校,京师大学堂共经历了4任藏书楼提调和4任图书馆经理官,合计7人,分别是李昭炜、骆成骧、梅光羲、徐廷麟、王诵熙、刘绵训、任钟澍,他们为京师大学堂藏书楼(图书馆)的建设发展作出了历史性的贡献。     

孟府档案中的珍品——敕命文书

孟府档案中的敕命文书是清王朝颁给孟府主人的重要文书,也是孟府档案中的珍品,现存山东省邹城市博物馆14件。它是孟氏家族在清王朝时期家族地位状况的真实记录,是研究孟子及其家族的第一手史料,也是珍贵的文物。同时,也是我们研究清代社会状况和文书体式的标本。     

Gender Contract and Localization in Early Women's Magazines in Finland Since 1782

The publishers and editors of the early Finnish women's magazines were familiar with Central European, English and Swedish women's magazines. A women's magazine started the history of Finnish magazine publishing in 1782. However, it survived less than 6 months and the next 2 women's magazines appeared only 70 years later. The article asks how the publishers of the first four magazines chose, adopted and localized this particular international magazine genre. Successful localization needs the approval of the content by the readers. Only the fourth women's magazine Koti ja Yhteiskunta (Home and Society) published in 1889–1911 managed to create a permanent readership. The central theoretical concept used to analyze the localization is the gender contract, which defines the rights and duties of women in society and is renegotiated as women's situation is changing.     

Delivering Information Literacy Instruction for a Joint International Program: An Innovative Collaboration Between Two Libraries

This article focuses on a collaborative project between Mount Saint Vincent University Library and Bermuda College Library to introduce students to services and resources at the libraries of the partner institutions. Using Web conferencing software that allowed for voice, instant messaging chat, and live Web demonstration, a series of workshops was developed to introduce students to the concepts of information and literacy and reinforce for the students that they were able to access librarians and library services at both institutions. Issues relating to both the students’ home library at Bermuda College in Hamilton, Bermuda and their remote library at Mount Saint Vincent University in Nova Scotia, Canada are examined, including the obstacles that have been surmounted as well as recommendations for other libraries considering this type of partnership. Strategies, activities, and tools used to implement the initiative are discussed.     

Part of imperial communications

From 1934 to 1941, three British-governed radio stations were established in the Middle East: Egyptian State Broadcasting (ESB) in Cairo (1934), the Palestine Broadcasting Service (PBS) in Jerusalem (1936), and the Near East Broadcasting Service (NEBS) in Jaffa (1941). These three stations were modeled on the BBC and run as colonial or imperial stations—but they were also considered national stations. As a result, they operated as hybrid entities with overlapping and sometimes conflicting mandates. Through the three case studies—a contentious hire at the ESB, the PBS' ‘Jerusalem Direct News Service’, and the NEBS' Islamic broadcasts—this article charts the evolving relationship between Great Britain and its Arab-world radio stations, examining these three stations in tandem tension between national and regional broadcasting mandates, as well as the challenge that managing each station raised for British officials in the UK and in-country. It moves away from a focus on the disembodied spheres of ideology and propaganda, and toward the messy administrative decisions that reflected British officials' on-the-ground efforts to navigate the administrative control and programming decisions in the perplexing world of semi-independent radio broadcasting stations in the Middle East. It closes by noting that while UK-based British officials saw these three stations as operating under the aegis of British governance and on the model of the BBC, the ESB and the PBS, in particular, reflected and projected not a British imperial identity but an Egyptian and a Palestinian nationalist one.     

Jingoism,Public Opinion,And The New Imperialism

This essay analyses late-Victorian understandings of the relationship between the press, imperial diplomacy, and popular enthusiasm for empire, and examines how newspapers explained their own role in the imperial rivalries of the 1890s. During imperial disputes between Britain and France (particularly the Fashoda crisis) and between Britain and the USA (the Venezuela boundary dispute) contemporaries claimed that self-interested ‘jingo’ elements of the political elite had sought to foment conflict by manipulating ‘public opinion’, but had been defeated by statesmen (who had used the press for legitimate diplomatic purposes) and by ‘the people’ (who were averse to war). This contrasted with contemporary comments about the role played by the press in provoking wars between the USA and Spain and between Britain and the Transvaal: both the press and the people seemed to succumb to an irrational popular ‘jingoism’, and to sweep statesmen along in their wake. However, this essay argues that these contemporary verdicts about the role of newspapers in focusing popular imperialism have been too easily accepted by historians. During the imperial rivalries of the 1890s the press played an important role as a medium of transnational communication, but did not push statesmen into expansionism.     

Predictors of on-line services and e-participation: A cross-national comparison

Effective e-government creates an environment for citizens to have greater access to their government and, in theory, makes citizen-to-government contact more inclusive. Our research examines two distinct but related measures of e-government effectiveness, namely the online service index and the e-participation index, both reported in the 2010 e-government survey conducted by the United Nations. We analyze the impact of political structure, public sector performance and policy initiatives on both indices in more than 150 countries. Our multiple regression analysis shows that there is greater e-government capability in countries that have more effective public sector governance and administration, and policies that advance the development and diffusion of information and communication technologies. More democratic institutions and processes, however, appear to have a negative impact on e-government. In addition, countries that practice effective governance and promote competition in the telecommunications sector demonstrate more extensive provision of e-participation. These results suggest that the path to e-government leverages different strategies depending on a nation's political structure, and that authoritarian countries may be utilizing e-government to maintain the status quo.     

Keys to the Failure of DAB in Spain

It does not seem too risky or bold—at the start of the new century—to assert that digital radio has an uncertain future. The present article analyzes the causes of the failure of DAB (Digital Audio Broadcasting) in Spain using particular current and historical features of the Spanish radio industry to do so (note that Spanish radio falls halfway between the North American commercial model and the European public service model). The opinions of different telecommunications experts, comparisons with other European countries, as well as the defining characteristics of the standard chosen, Eureka 147, better known as DAB, are presented.     

Privatization and national priorities in the Asia‐pacific region 1

Since the introduction of AT&T's divestiture in the USA, the trend for privatization has reached Asia's telecommunications industry with varying results. National priorities, both political and social, have dictated the approach to telecommunications in the Asia‐Pacific region. This paper analyses and examines the recent policy changes in the NIEs, near NIEs and China and how these changes are introducing structural adjustments within the telecommunications sector. The importance of these policy adjustments to the pressures created by technological dynamism are explored concluding with an overview of the political economy of privatization of telecommunications supplies of basic and value‐added services.     

Building state information highways: lessons for public and private sector leaders

In America’s state houses small yet powerful collections of policy leaders, in the public and private sector, are guiding the initial conception and early implementation of advanced communication networks. This article investigates how the beliefs of leading actors collide to produce two distinctive state networks. Rather than focus exclusively on the simple dichotomous “yes” or “no” decision regarding the adoption or nonadoption of an advanced telecommunications system, like a statewide information highway, this article focuses on the critical role of debate imbedded within that decision. Analysis and presentation of interviews and extensive literature reviews of the development of information highways, in North Carolina and Iowa, provide the setting for the generation of hypotheses suggesting the future trajectory of technology policymaking. While praised for their bold, visionary leadership and innovative system designs, the accounts of network development in these two American states also provide a cautionary tale for other subnational governments and for private sector telecommunications firms interested in the business of building public sector information highways.