Advancing innovation in the public sector: Aligning innovation measurement with policy goals

There is sufficient evidence, drawn from surveys of innovation in the public sector and cognitive testing interviews with public sector managers, to develop a framework for measuring public sector innovation. Although many questions that are covered in the Oslo Manual guidelines for measuring innovation in the private sector can be applied with some modifications to the public sector, public sector innovation surveys need to meet policy needs that require collecting additional types of data. Policy to support public sector innovation requires data on how public sector organizations innovate and how a strategic management approach to innovation can influence the types of innovations that are developed. Both issues require innovations surveys to delve deeply into the innovation processes and strategies that are used by public sector managers. Implementation of the measurement framework proposed in this paper would open up opportunities for a new, policy-relevant research program on public sector innovation.     

A platform-based approach to ambidexterity for innovation: An empirical investigation in the public sector

Innovation in the public sector plays an important role in improving the quality of public services and addressing economic and societal challenges. Most of the previous research on innovations has focused on the private sector. How organizations may achieve ambidexterity for innovations in the public sector characterized by unique constraints has been largely underexplored. Platforms have emerged as key components in organizations’ approaches to innovation. Using an empirical study in a public sector organization, this study identifies a platform-based approach that can be used to achieve ambidexterity in balancing exploitative and exploratory innovations in the public sector. Organizations facing constraints pertaining to structure, risk, and value may benefit from considering their product/service development, process management, and value formulation through this approach. This study also identifies practices in platform development, appropriation, and control that contributed to the success of the platform-based approach.     

eGovernment Document Management System: A case analysis of risk and reward

United Kingdom Local Authorities (UKLA) have the responsibility for delivering a wide range of services to the general public which include a number of significant problems in many delivery areas. The information technology (IT) field is arguably one of the most challenging. Consequently, a senior executive issue within UKLA is transforming organisations through the deployment of IT. This is due to the call from the UK National Government for the public sector to be more innovative. This paper investigates via a case analysis, the rationale for the implementation of an organisational-wide, corporate electronic document management system (EDMS). There is a paucity in the literature, which this research aims to help address. This paper analyses how the EDMS was deployed and how the case organisation was transformed and the findings are mapped against the normative literature.     

基于ANT视角的能源企业战略转型实施路径研究

能源企业战略转型的演化过程如何？转型过程中人类活动和技术的交互怎样影响转型的结果？如何管理转型的过程？既往研究没有做出充分的解释和回答。本文从行动者网络理论（ANT：Actor-Network Theory）视角,采用纵向案例研究方法,解释能源企业战略转型的实施过程。研究结果表明,企业战略转型的过程即是关键行动者构建行动者联盟的过程,其中关键行动者的转译对转型的成功起着主导作用,技术作为非人类行动者在其中和人类行动者进行交互并促进（或抑制）行动者联盟的形成。本研究试图打开企业战略转型中各类行动者交互作用的黑箱,为传统能源企业实施战略转型提供理论依据。     

Performance of an internet of things project in the public sector: The case of Nice smart city

The Internet of Things (IoT) technology provides a lot of possibilities to develop IT projects that offer to the citizens platform of services for better conditions of living and transporting. Our study contributes to the topical subject of smart cities analysing the performance of an IoT-platform based solution. It evaluates if an IoT platform project can achieve business, environmental and social objectives all together. We select and test a project developed in Nice (France) where 5.000+ sensors are deployed on parking slots to improve the urban transport. The benefits of the IT project are determined comparing data extracting from Nice and compared with two other similar cities (Marseille and Toulon) which play the role of control group. The analysis of the value creation and value capture suggest a governance model for a private and public collaboration. Our findings help public managers to understand better private-public partnership and then prepare the future cities development.     

知识服务、价值共创与创新绩效——基于扎根理论的多案例研究

知识服务是创新的关键驱动力,知识服务如何转化为创新绩效是一个重要而尚未有效解决的难题。本文运用扎根理论编码的案例研究方法,选取1家研发服务机构与4家中小制造企业之间互动案例为研究对象,研究发现:(1)知识服务的内容包括创新规划、需求管理、团队建设与流程规范四个要素;(2)价值共创的过程包括价值共识、价值共生、价值共享与价值共赢四个要素;(3)在创新领导者的推动下,知识服务的内容与价值共创的过程相互作用,共同促进知识服务转化为创新绩效。     

Understanding the roles of institutional pressures and organizational innovativeness in contextualized transformation toward e-business: Evidence from agricultural firms

E-business is of increasing significance in promoting agricultural economic development and restructuring and upgrading, yet agricultural firms’ transformation toward e-business in China is at a low level. To gain insights to why and how agricultural firms intend to accept or resist the revolutionary innovation of e-business, this study draws on the perspective of institutional theory and organizational innovativeness to develop an integrative model to fathom factors affecting transformation to e-business in agricultural firms in China. By analyzing the impacts of institutional pressures on perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and subsequent e-business transformation intention, the empirical results indicate that mimetic pressure, coercive pressure, and normative pressure have different levels of positive effects on perceived benefits; normative pressure has a significantly negative impact on perceived barriers, while mimetic pressure and coercive pressure have no significant effect on perceived barriers. Perceived benefits and organizational innovativeness have significantly positive impacts on e-business transformation intention, while perceived barriers have no significant effect. Perceived benefits play a partial mediating role between institutional pressures and e-business transformation intention.     

The role of institutional entrepreneurship in building digital ecosystem: A case study of Red Collar Group (RCG)

Institutional entrepreneurship has increasingly played a critical role in successfully achieving organizational transformation, especially one that involves building a digitally enabled ecosystem. However, despite fruitful research on institutional entrepreneurship, it is still not clearly understood how one might successfully achieve organizational transformation. Thus, our study aims to disambiguate this black box by examining the case study of Red Collar Group (RCG), a market leader in making custom made suits. The findings of this case highlight the significant role played by institutional entrepreneurship in achieving organizational transformation. It highlights that institutional entrepreneurship is evident in different modes of action in the transformational process of building the digital ecosystem.     

基于期刊引文结构变换的知识扩散研究——以引文分析领域为例

【目的】 从期刊施引和共被引网络结构演化的视角,探寻研究领域的知识扩散脉络,为基于引文网络的知识扩散研究提供新的参考。【方法】 基于期刊双图叠加知识图谱和结构变换模型,以引文分析为例,通过绘制期刊双图叠加图谱,结合期刊引文网络结构变换计量指标,揭示引文分析领域知识扩散的路径,预测未来该领域最具影响力的学术期刊。【结果】 引文分析研究的知识基础不断演化,核心基础研究正在逐渐增加,核心应用研究依然维持在心理学、教育、卫生学三大领域之中。2012年是引文分析研究网络结构变换的关键之年,Research Policy、Organization Studies、Scientometrics、European Journal of Information Systems将成为引发新的结构变革的潜在标志性期刊。【结论】 为预测期刊知识扩散及其影响力提供新的分析视角。     

Competition and pluralism in the public sciences: the impact of institutional frameworks on the organisation of academic science

The role of the public sciences in supporting the growth of new industries with radically innovative technologies has varied between countries that encourage different levels of reputational competition and intellectual pluralism and flexibility. These two characteristics of public science systems help to explain: (a) significant differences in the degree to which research is coordinated across universities and similar organisations to solve common problems and, (b) the ease with which new intellectual goals and approaches are developed and incorporated into research programmes to deal with new kinds of problems. They thus help to account for continuing differences in the rate at which public science systems produce highly novel intellectual innovations and deal with a variety of problems.These characteristics of public science systems are in turn affected by four major features of the institutional frameworks governing the production of public formal knowledge in different countries. These are: the extent of state delegation of employment and resources control to scientific elites, concentration of intellectual and administrative control within research organisations, the stability and strength of the hierarchy of research organisations, and organisational segmentation of research goals and labour markets. Together these features help to explain major differences in competition and pluralism between public science systems.     

Understanding knowledge management software-organisation misalignments from an institutional perspective: A case study of a global IT-management consultancy firm

Inspired by the proposition that “Enterprise IS configurations chosen by the organisations will encode institutionalised principles into these systems” (Gosain, 2004, p. 169), this study seeks to draw attention to potential sources of misalignment between knowledge management (KM) software and the implementing organisation from an institutional theory perspective. Using a case of a global consultancy firm, the study elucidates such misalignments as the consequence of different institutional contexts where technology developers and adopters operate. This study demonstrates how institutional forces affect the implementation project and provides some lessons learned for organisations that are rich in high-value text-based knowledge for making decisions.     

开放服务：学术期刊知识服务转型发展的突破路径

【目的】 在学术期刊的知识服务实践受到技术与内容双重阻滞的背景下,探讨其转型发展的突破路径。【方法】 基于创新理论框架,结合典型案例分析当前学术期刊知识服务实践与理论研究中尤为薄弱的资源配置与组织创新模式。【结果】 开放科学极大拓展了知识资源,知识付费促进知识资源生产方式迅速迭代,二者为资源配置与组织创新提供了极为有利的条件。【结论】 学术期刊应以开放服务思维变革知识服务的组织结构和管理方式,积极利用开放知识、开放工具和平台建立桥梁,驱动用户把知识服务深度嵌入自身活动过程,使之成为支持用户创新的强大工具。     

Digital government transformation: A structural equation modelling analysis of driving and impeding factors

Digital technologies are transforming the public sector by affecting applications, processes, culture, structure, and civil servants’ responsibilities and tasks. Yet, there is a void in research about driving and impeding factors influencing digital government transformation (DGT). The article contributes to the current debate on DGT by quantitatively assessing the transformation and its driving and impeding factors. The analyses were performed by collecting and analyzing through structural equation modeling 491 answers to a survey to Italian administrations. Results show that DGT is influenced by a combination of different factors, including the sense of urgency, the need for change, and the creation of a collaborative environment, suggesting that more effort is required for including public managers in the current debate on DGT. Organizational barriers and lack of support are impeding factors. Finally and counter-intuitively, resistance to change was not found to impede the transformation.     

Public and private value creation using artificial intelligence: An empirical study of AI voice robot users in Chinese public sector

Despite significant theoretical and empirical attention on public value creation in the public sector, the relationship between artificial intelligence (AI) use and value creation from the citizen perspective remains poorly understood. We ground our study in Moore’s public value management to examine the relationship between AI use and value creation. We conceptually categorize public service value into public value and private value. We use procedural justice and trust in government as indicators of public value and, based on motivation theory, we use perceived usefulness and perceived enjoyment as indicators of private value. A field survey of 492 AI voice robot users in China was conducted to test our model. The results indicated that the effective use of AI voice robots was significantly associated with private value and procedural justice. However, the relationship between the effective use of AI and trust in government was not found to be significant. Surprisingly, the respondents indicated that private value had a greater effect on overall value creation than public value. This contrasts with the common idea that value creation from the government perspective suggests that social objectives requiring public value are more important to citizens. The results also show that gender and citizens with different experiences show different AI usage behaviors.     

转型升级中的学会学习:好孩子公司案例研究

本文首先对传统上本土企业"知识溢出"的思想进行质疑,认为代工企业存在学习失效。本文通过好孩子公司沿全球价值链攀升的案例,认为代工企业转型升级需要组织学习模式的转化:从学习方向上来说成功地从外驱式学习转化为内省式学习、从学习方式上来说从单一的探索式或利用式学习转化为两者均衡的双元学习。此过程中公司创业是制度保证。本文最后还强调了技术创新与管理创新的同步性,并对有些代工企业不成功的原因进行了解读。     

Reconciling two approaches to critical success factors: The case of shared services in the public sector

Shared services have been embraced by the private, and increasingly, the public sectors. Yet implementation has often proved to be difficult and the factors which are critical to success are not yet well understood. In this paper existing research in the area of critical success factors (CSFs) is examined and it is suggested that that research actually covers two distinct phenomena. One approach is focused on identifying the factors required for a specific individual to achieve their outcomes. The second on determining the general success factors for implementing a project of a certain type. A reconciliation of the two approaches is proposed within a framework that distinguishes between three different types of CSF – outcome, implementation process and operating environment characteristic. A case study of a project to implement shared services in the Australian public sector is examined using the reconciled framework. The case shows that the reconciled approach by including, and differentiating between, outcome, process and operating environment characteristic factors provides a richer and more complete picture of requirements. Further benefits from the synthesis are also highlighted including that factors are a mix of universal and context specific, different perspectives on factors exist and not all environmental factors perceived to be critical have to necessarily be present.     

我国技术标准的制定过程和公共政策分析——以石油技术标准为例

公共政策过程理论是公共政策分析的基础模式,通过不同的政策阶段可以对公共政策有比较系统的分析。我国石油技术标准作为一种公共政策,它的制定过程反映了我国公共政策制定的一些特点,本文通过石油清洁生产标准的案例,对我国石油标准的制定过程和利益博弈进行分析,最后对我国的技术标准制定提出有关建议。     

Multi-stage Internet public opinion risk grading analysis of public health emergencies: An empirical study on Microblog in COVID-19

In the period of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), millions of people participate in the discussion of COVID-19 on the Internet, which can easily trigger public opinion and threaten social stability. This paper creatively proposes a multi-stage risk grading model of Internet public opinion for public health emergencies. On the basis of general public opinion risk grading analysis, the model continuously pays attention to the risk level of Internet public opinion based on the time scale of regular or major information updates. This model combines Analytic Hierarchy Process Sort II (AHPSort II) and Swing Weighting (SW) methods and proposes a new Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) method – AHPSort II-SW. Intuitionistic fuzzy number and linguistic fuzzy number are introduced into the model to evaluate the criteria that cannot be quantified. The multi-stage model is tested using more than 2,000 textual data about COVID-19 collected from Microblog, a leading social media platform in China. Seven public opinion risk assessments were conducted from January 23 to April 8, 2020. The empirical results show that in the early COVID-19 outbreak, the risk of public opinion is more serious on macroscopic view. In details, the risk of public opinion decreases slowly with time, but the emergence of important events may still increase the risk of public opinion. The analysis results are in line with the actual situation and verify the effectiveness of the method. Comparative analysis indicates the improved method is proved to be superior and effective, sensitivity analysis confirms its stability. Finally, management suggestions was provided, this study contributes to the literature on public opinion risk assessment and provides implications for practice.     

我国公益类科研院所创新管理:理论框架、实践难题与路径选择

由于公益类科研院所是国家创新体系的重要组成部分,新时代探究公益类科研院所创新管理切合时代发展需要。当前我国公益类科研院所创新管理面临管理自主权弱化、学术自治权虚位、科技服务效益不足和管理工具理性不够等实践难题；新公共管理理论框架下推进我国公益类科研院所架构重构、权力回归、机制共融和工具借鉴成为破解实践难题的有效路径。     

从专利引文看公共科学对技术创新的重要作用

定量考察公共科学对技术创新的贡献大小 ,可以为政府支持基础研究提供有用的论据。专利引文分析 ,是测度基础研究对技术创新的贡献的一个重要方法论。通过对专利引证的科学论文的计量研究 ,发现 :工业技术与公共科学的联系不断加强 ,公共科学在技术创新中起着重要的作用。其政策意义在于 ,政府应该继续支持基础研究 ,而企业应该加强对外部知识资源的“吸收能力”的建设。