虚拟科研团队知识共享影响因素的实证研究

知识共享是虚拟科研团队创新能力提升的关键因素.构建团队承诺、信任、自我效能、结果预期、态度和知识共享行为关系模型,以高校、科研院所、企业单位参与虚拟科研项目的人员为对象,利用结构方程模型进行实证研究.研究结果表明:团队承诺、信任、自我效能、结果预期、态度对虚拟科研团队的知识共享行为有直接的正向影响;团队成员间的信任和自我效能对知识共享态度有正向影响,即信任和自我效能间接影响知识共享行为.     

Examining the antecedents of knowledge sharing in facilitating team innovativeness from a multilevel perspective

This paper examines how transformational leadership (TFL) climate influences employees’ team identity and their intentions to share knowledge and how team knowledge sharing intention subsequently influences team innovativeness. Data was collected from 301 employees comprising 52 R&D teams. Hypotheses were tested with both hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) and regression analyses. Results indicated that TFL climate was related to employees’ intention to share knowledge through team identity. At the group level, results supported the relationships between team knowledge sharing intention and team innovativeness. The results also indicated that team knowledge sharing intention mediated the relationship between TFL climate and team innovativeness.     

项目导向型企业知识共享路径、障碍及对策研究

在分析项目导向型企业知识共享主体以及共享路径的基础上,对其知识共享障碍因素进行深入的研究。结果表明,项目导向型企业的知识共享障碍主要表现在个体与个体、团队与团队以及个体、团队与组织等3个层面。为解决项目导向型企业中知识共享的障碍问题,从搭建知识共享平台、制定制度保障和营造欢快、信任与合作的文化氛围等方面提出解决方案。     

团队性绩效考核对知识共享的影响模型研究/FONT

    摘要：在文献研究的基础上,本文提出了团队性绩效考核对知识共享的影响模型,并通过234个工作团队的813名成员的有效调查问卷进行了实证检验。结果表明,团队性绩效考核不会直接促进知识共享,而是通过团队成员的分配公平感、人际信任、团队承诺间接地正向影响知识共享;任务相互依赖性、团队成员能力梯度、团队效能感等团队特征因素以及程序公平感、互动公平感在该影响过程中起到了调节作用。最后,进一步对如何有效实施团队性绩效考核提出了对策建议。       

动态联盟形成阶段知识产权冲突及激励对策研究

以知识合作为主的动态联盟中知识共享与知识产权垄断性之间存在着天然的矛盾。着重研究了动态联盟形成阶段知识产权冲突的内容及产生的原因,并提出了基于利益、契约和信任的激励框架,为解决动态联盟的核心矛盾及类似的知识共享与知识产权冲突问题提供借鉴。     

Knowledge sharing within teams: enabling and constraining factors

In this study, we tested the effects of several team features on knowledge sharing within teams of primary school teachers. We hypothesized that trust in team leader and trust in colleagues, mediated by team identification, will have a positive effect on knowledge sharing. We found indirect effects of both trust variables through team identification and a direct effect of trust in team members on knowledge sharing. We explored, furthermore, a moderator effect of team identification on the relation between team work value diversity and knowledge sharing to examine if team identification diminishes the potential negative effects of team work value diversity on knowledge sharing. Contrary to our expectations, we found no relation between work value diversity and knowledge sharing if team identification is low, while the relation takes a negative curvilinear form if team identification is high. This outcome is explained by the notion that signals of un-sameness in values can produce perceptions of threat and subsequent reactions in high identification teams.     

基于临时团队的信息安全众测平台知识共享演化博弈研究

运用演化博弈理论,基于临时团队构建众测平台中有限理性的白帽子间安全知识共享的复制动态模型,分析不同的参数对进化稳定策略的影响及实现知识共享的均衡条件。研究结果表明,临时团队内白帽子间进行安全知识共享与安全知识共享成本、信任度、固有安全知识量、安全知识增值率、安全知识漏洞转化率、团队平均漏洞奖励率和获得团队奖励的概率等有关;降低知识共享成本、提高白帽子的共享能力和意愿。     

重释知识产权的对象

知识产权对象与客体的界定长期无法达成一致,对知识产权法学的体系化具有不利影响。从传统民事权利对象的界定方法来看,知识产权的对象就是知识和信息,是有价值、可再现并与现有知识、信息相区别的知识和信息,具体包括作品、专利技术方案、商标以及其他未公开的信息。结合权利的本质可知,知识产权的客体就是利用这些知识信息所生之利益。权利客体的财产性和权利对象的独特性,是知识产权成为独立一类民事权利的二元依据。     

从动态博弈角度研究知识团队的合作问题

针对知识团队的特点,利用动态博弈分析方法详细分析了知识团队成员间的合作存在的可能性问题,以及具有团队管理者的知识团队里合作存在的可能性问题,得出了在团队管理者的可置信承诺存在的前提下,具有团队管理者的知识团队在促进团队合作问题上更有优势的有意义的系列结论。     

A multilevel model for effects of social capital and knowledge sharing in knowledge-intensive work teams

Although it is a widely held belief that social capital facilitates knowledge sharing among individuals, there is little research that has deeply investigated the impacts of social capital at different levels on an individual's knowledge sharing behavior. To address this research gap, this study combines a multilevel approach and an optimal network configuration view to investigate the multilevel effects of social capital on individuals’ knowledge sharing in knowledge intensive work teams. This study makes a distinction between the social capital at the team-level and that of social capital at the individual level to examine their cross-level and direct effects on an individual's sharing of explicit and tacit knowledge. A survey involving 343 participants in 47 knowledge-intensive teams was conducted for testing the multilevel model. The results reveal that social capital at both levels jointly influences an individual's explicit and tacit knowledge sharing. Further, when individuals possess a moderate betweenness centrality and the whole team holds a moderate network density, team members’ knowledge sharing can be maximized. These findings offer a more comprehensive and precise understanding of the multilevel impacts of social capital on team members’ knowledge sharing behavior, thus contributing to the social capital theory, as well as knowledge management research and practices.     

Initiating private-collective innovation: The fragility of knowledge sharing

Incentives to innovate are a central element of innovation theory. In the private-investment model, innovators privately fund innovation and then use intellectual property protection mechanisms to appropriate returns from these investments. In the collective-action model, public subsidy funds public goods innovations, characterized by non-rivalry and non-exclusivity in using these innovations. Recently, these models have been compounded in the private-collective innovation model where innovators privately fund public goods innovations. Private-collective innovation is illustrated in the case of open source software development. This paper contributes to the work on this model by investigating incentives that motivate innovators to share their knowledge in an initial situation, before there is a community to support the innovation process. We use game theory to predict knowledge sharing behavior in private-collective innovation, and test these predictions in a laboratory setting. The results show that knowledge sharing is a coordination game with multiple equilibria, reflecting the fragility of knowledge sharing between innovators with conflicting interests. The experimental results demonstrate important asymmetries in the fragility of knowledge sharing and, in some situations, more knowledge sharing than theoretically predicted. A behavioral analysis suggests that knowledge sharing in private-collective innovation is not only affected by material incentives, but also by social preferences such as fairness. The results offer general insights into the relationship between incentives and knowledge sharing and contribute to a better understanding of the initiation of private-collective innovation.     

Knowledge sharing in open source software project teams: A transactive memory system perspective

The extant studies have not empirically examined the possible team cognitive mechanisms that facilitate knowledge sharing in OSS teams, even though knowledge sharing is a cognitive task and an OSS team is a complex cognitive system. To fill this research gap, we adopt the perspective of transactive memory system (TMS) to explore the relationships among TMS, knowledge sharing, communication quality, and technical achievement of OSS teams. By analyzing data from 95 OSS projects with the partial least squares (PLS) method, our study demonstrates that several TMS dimensions have positive impacts on knowledge sharing behaviors and communication quality. Moreover, communication quality positively influences technical achievement of OSS teams. These findings provide useful implications for literature and practice.     

Determinants of international activity: evidence from the chemical processing industry

This paper empirically investigates two important determinants of international activity through wholly owned operations, joint-ventures and technology licensing, namely country risk and intellectual property rights (IPRs) protection. Using a comprehensive database on investments in chemical plants during the period 1981–1996, we show that higher levels of country risk are associated with less activity into recipient economies. The analysis also suggests that international activity with smaller resource commitment tends to be preferred in countries with higher levels of risk, and that multinational investment is more responsive to changes in risk conditions than indigenous investment. After controlling for several country characteristics, we do not find IPRs protection playing a significant role in fostering international activity or conditioning its mode.     

知识价值导向下的知识共享与创新

知识是推动社会进步的重要元素,而知识团队是一类特殊的知识密集型组织,因此,在知识团队中实现有效的知识管理,促进知识的共享与创新具有十分重要的意义。以知识价值为导向,将知识团队的知识共享与创新和知识增值相结合,通过一种可量化的评价体系提出更有效、更具操作性的策略与方法,提高知识团队的竞争力。     

企业知识产权战略架构及其选择模型:基于战略管理的视角

从战略管理的视角,深入探讨了企业知识产权战略要素的构成,建立了概念模型(TMR模型),分析了战略的影响要素和产出要素,提出了企业知识产权战略选择模型,期望能对企业知识产权战略制定和管理提供有价值的参考.     

Appropriate intellectual property protection and economic growth in countries at different levels of development

This paper examines how the role of patents and utility models in innovation and economic growth varies by level of economic development. Using a panel dataset of over 70 countries, we find that patent protection is an important determinant of innovation and that patentable innovations contribute to economic growth in developed countries, but not in developing. Instead, in developing economies, a minor form of intellectual property rights (IPRs) - namely utility models - is conducive to innovation and growth, controlling for other factors. Using Korean firm level data as a case study, we find that utility model innovations contribute to firm performance when firms are technologically lagging and that those minor innovations can be a learning device and thus a stepping stone for developing more patentable inventions later on. Upon reaching higher levels of technological capabilities, firms become more reliant upon patents and less on utility models. Thus the lesson here is that patent protection enhances innovation and economic growth in countries where the capacity to conduct innovative research exists. Where this capacity is weaker, a system that provides incentives to conduct minor, incremental inventions is more conducive to growth. The significance of this paper is to emphasize the importance not just of the strength of IPRs but of the appropriate type of IPRs for economic development.     

团队性绩效考核对知识共享的影响研究

探讨团队性绩效考核对知识共享的影响及其过程。在影响个体合作行为决策的复合式模型与知识共享的个人内在动机理论的基础上,提出了团队性绩效考核对知识共享的影响模型和假设,并采用新兴的统计分析技术——多层线性模型(Hierarchical Linear Modeling,HLM)对73家企业中234个团队中的813名成员的有效调查问卷进行实证检验。结果表明,团队性绩效考核通过分配公平感对知识共享起到积极影响作用,而情境(任务相互依赖性、成员能力梯度)、信念(团队效能感、人际信任)、过程性动机(程序公平感、互动公平感)在该影响过程中起到调节作用。最后,进一步对如何有效实施团队性绩效考核提出了对策建议。     

面向共享与协同的设计产业知识产权管理模式

通过将设计知识转化为设计知识产权,提高了设计知识的标准化程度,促进设计知识在全产业中的流通。设计过程中设计知识的集聚与进化形成了螺旋向上的知识创新发展路径。设计过程中产出的设计知识需转化为便于管理、使用及纳入知识产权体系的设计成果。在设计产业知识产权管理模式中,设计组织促成整个行业的设计知识产权的有效集中与合理利用;设计机构建立内部的设计知识产权管理制度;设计师按照操作规范进行设计知识的获取与整理,三个层面的知识产权管理共同促进设计产业的知识共享与协同创新。     

多学科专业研究生知识共享对协同创新的影响研究:一个有调节的中介模型

如何提高多学科专业研究生协同创新能力已成为当前研究生教育发展的热点问题。从团队视角出发,通过对294个在校跨学科创新团队的问卷调查,运用回归分析方法,对知识共享多样性和复杂性在团队特征与协同创新之间的中介效应以及团队学习能力的调节效应进行研究。实证研究发现:知识共享多样性和复杂性在团队特征与协同创新的关系中具有中介效应;团队学习能力在知识共享多样性与协同创新之间起到正向调节作用,在知识共享复杂性与协同创新之间不具有调节作用。     

基于阶层线性模型的知识共享行为机制研究

本文构建了共享领导、组织结构与知识共享的理论分析框架,应用阶层线性模型(HLM)。以研究所、设计院等事业单位为研究对象开展实证研究。研究表明,共享领导的绩效期望、权责共享、团队学习对知识共享行为具有显著的正向作用。相互协作对知识共享行为不存在显著影响作用。组织结构的正规化、复杂化对共享领导与知识共享行为的中介效应显著,而集权化的中介效应不显著。本研究进一步揭示了共享领导与知识共享行为之间的内部作用机理,不仅拓展了共享领导与知识共享行为的理论研究,也为组织提高知识共享效率,进而提高团队绩效提供了实践指导。