Ethnicity and Training Marital and Family Therapists

The author reviews ethnicity in the family therapy training literature. She describes an original exercise that teaches counselors in training the significance of ethnicity to family functioning.     

Monitoring Training Programmes Using Level of Use Interviews

Abstract

Many sound innovations in vocational education and training ‘fail’ because they are poorly implemented. This finding has recently prompted some vocational educators and trainers to find more effective methods for monitoring the learning outcomes of their training programmes in the workplace. This paper reports on a case study of innovation implementation in a unit of a large Australian telecommunication organisation. A form of participatory action research enabled the monitoring of the training outcomes to be undertaken by the (17) front‐line managers themselves. The Levels of Use (LoU) of the innovation interview was adapted by the participants to monitor a new telephone repair service called ‘Fix‐it‐First‐Time’. The main findings reported here deal with the success of the action learning process that was integral to measuring the implementation outcomes. These findings are also briefly discussed in the context of some European trends in vocational education and training.     

The Use of Reflective Journals in Initial Teacher Training

The intention of this article is to examine the role of reflective journals in Initial Teacher Training courses, and, in particular, how they can enable students to develop critical independence for professional self-appraisal. It explores the value of journal writing in the process of learning about teaching by reproducing an edited extract of one PGCE (Post-Graduate Certificate in Education) student's course journal, and by offering both a student's and a tutor's perspective of the significance of the journal.     

Written Versus Videotaped Precounseling Training of Clients for Counseling

The comparative effects of two types of precounseling training in facilitating client-counselor relationships and client self-exploration of internally and externally oriented clients were investigated. Treatments included viewing a videotaped, simulated, initial counseling session depicting desirable client and counselor behavior and the reading of a document that matched the content of the videotape. Sixty college undergraduates, who presented themselves as first-time counselees, were randomly assigned to one of the two treatments and classified as internally or externally oriented. Both internally and externally oriented clients who experienced videotaped precounseling training reported a significantly higher level of client-counselor relationship than internally and externally oriented clients who experienced written precounseling training. No significant differences were found for level of self-exploration according to either type of precounseling training or locus of control orientation.     

面试中肢体语言的运用

肢体语言直接诉诸人的视觉器官,可以表达语言所不能表达的内容。无论是自卑的虚伪的真诚的还是自信的自我,透过肢体语言都能形象展示出来。有效控制和运用肢体语言能缩短人与人之间的社交距离,增加自己的亲和力,建立良好的人脉关系。     

The Use of Interviews and Focus Groups in Teacher Research

Despite posing a number of benefits, teacher research might be something classroom practitioners avoid engaging in due to inadequate research literacy. Part of this literacy consists of the knowledge and skills required to use popular research methods. Given that teachers might find it useful to read about how their peers have attempted to use such methods in a systematic fashion, this article describes my experience of using interviews and focus groups to better understand students' attitudes, beliefs and practices.     

The Use of Videotaped Observations to Analyse the Effectiveness of Two Teaching Films

Two instructional films were produced to teach skills which were badly performed in a chemistry undergraduate laboratory. The films were assessed by examining their impact on student performance. This was done by videotaping students at work after they had watched the films and analysing their actions using a checklist of the teaching points made. While few conclusions could be drawn, the films were shown to be at least as effective as other methods of instruction; the analysis, while lengthy, was thought to be worthwhile. Further use of the videotapes was made to examine student behaviour in the laboratory and to study how some students learn from and interact with each other.     

宋初状元初始职任考

宋代太祖朝目前所知的8位状元大部分开始只授将仕郎,试校书郎,到州府任防御、团练、军事推官、军事判官等,只是"初等职官",乃至"令录""簿尉",他们必须历练6年,经过两次升迁才能授宣德郎,试大理评事兼监察御史。太宗朝的8位状元大部分起步都授以将作监丞或大理评事,通判诸州。宋初经过太祖朝十几年的短暂过度之后,状元的初始职任自太宗朝始迅速上了一个台阶:由不被重视的初等职官乃至簿尉一跃而成级别不高而地方官不敢怠慢的朝廷特使。状元与帝王之间的距离大为拉近了。     

Child Protection Training in School-based Initial Teacher Training: A survey of School-centred Initial Teacher Training courses and their trainees

This paper explores the coverage and effectiveness of child protection training within school-centred teacher training courses in England in the immediate aftermath of the new requirements for all teacher training courses. Three methods are described: a postal questionnaire, structured interviews with all responding course managers, and more open discussions with students on two of these courses. Comparisons with child protection training by higher education providers revealed similar problems in finding time for even the minimum coverage required by recent government circulars. Coverage was patchy with serious quality assurance issues and little use was made of schools' own Designated Teachers for child protection. From this material, examples of good and bad practice are summarised. Finally two groups of trainees who were interviewed revealed hazy understanding of their professional roles, and their personal experiences of child abuse were both very varied and inadequately addressed by their courses. The paper concludes by reiterating the need for a full evaluation of the effectiveness of child protection training within teacher training.     

Family Sculpting in the Training of Marriage and Family Counselors

This article describes how family sculpting, grounded in Experiential Family Counseling, can be used as a training technique in marriage and family counselor training programs.     

浅谈学前儿童家庭教育中良好家风的培养

当前国家和社会的高速发展,家庭规模、结构、类型特征呈现出多样性和复杂性,家庭形态和家庭关系也发生了变化。但家庭教育并没有因之而弱化,反之在进一步加强。家风作为家教的前提条件,同样举足轻重。学前儿童家庭教育中则更是如此,良好家风的形成和传承离不开学前儿童家庭教育。     

浅谈学前儿童家庭教育中良好家风的培养

当前国家和社会的高速发展,家庭规模、结构、类型特征呈现出多样性和复杂性,家庭形态和家庭关系也发生了变化。但家庭教育并没有因之而弱化,反之在进一步加强。家风作为家教的前提条件,同样举足轻重。学前儿童家庭教育中则更是如此,良好家风的形成和传承离不开学前儿童家庭教育。     

职前教师多维培养的探索

以深化教师教育改革、推进能力建设为契机,探讨从教育教学实习、师范技能训练和培养计划制订等方面多维培养职前教师的模式、途径与方法。在反思和改革职前教师培养各个环节过程中,要充分利用信息技术,不断提高人才培养质量和效益。     

Developments in 'Mentoring' in Romanian Initial Teacher Training

There is a developing interest in the role of the schoolteacher as mentor to teachers in training in Romanian secondary schools. Despite the fact that mentors are both overworked and under-rewarded in Romania, when their unique contribution to the teacher training process is diminished, the efficacy of the training process is shown to be adversely affected. This is the perception of both the mentors themselves, and of some 700 children exposed to the trainees. This paper attempts to demonstrate that the mentoring process is a viable way of supporting trainee teachers even in a context which would be seen by most European countries as extremely difficult. Governmental financial strictures are threatening this emerging methodology, and in the light of this the author proposes a number of ways in which the mentoring programme in Romanian schools might be encouraged and spread to other universities who are engaged in the teacher training process.     

培训新教师的导师:来自荷兰的经验

荷兰学者冯克进行了长期研究,发现作为一名成功的新教师导师必须具备的知识基础包括三个基本要素:第一,新教师专业发展的过程;第二,指导新教师课堂教学的策略;第三,理解新教师的经验学习过程.