Methodological,technological, and technical issues on the collection of education data

The major methodological, technological and technical issues of education data collection cited in the papers are discussed. These issues, when resolved, would improve the quality of the data collection process. Methodological issues explored include alternative data collection designs, inconsistencies in data element definitions, periodicity of collection, aggregation of data to the appropriate level, comparability, timeliness of reporting and modes of dissemination. Technological issues covered are the use of the telephone in data collection, the use of online computer access in data collection and computer assisted achievement testing. The technical issues of validity, reliability and completeness are combined and discussed as ‘inaccuracy’ problems.     

School psychology and issues of sexual orientation: Attitudes,beliefs, and knowledge

The purpose of this study was to investigate school psychologists' attitudes toward lesbians and gay males. Aspects of school psychologists' knowledge, beliefs, current practices, and levels of preparedness related to issues of sexual orientation were also explored. A sample of 288 school psychologists (215 females and 73 males, mean age = 44 years) who were members of NASP participated in this study. Participants completed research packets containing a hypothetical case analogue vignette and three questionnaires querying their attitudes, beliefs, and knowledge about issues of sexual orientation. The results indicated school psychologists endorse relatively positive attitudes toward lesbians and gay males, report low‐to‐moderate levels of knowledge about lesbian and gay male issues, are willing to address lesbian and gay male issues on the job, are generally aware of how such issues impact schools, and are inadequately prepared to deal with lesbian and gay male issues. These findings are discussed in relation to their impact on the field and the implications for graduate training. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 41: 201–210, 2004.     

An Achievement Goal Theory Perspective on Issues in Motivation Terminology, Theory, and Research

There are a number of important issues raised by Murphy and Alexander in the lead article of this issue. In this response, four general issues are discussed in light of current research and achievement goal theory. The four issues include: (1) the general definition and theoretical clarity of motivational constructs, (2) the accessibility and consciousness of motivational beliefs, (3) the interdependent or independent nature of the relations between motivational constructs, and (4) the stability of motivation over time, domains, and contexts. These issues are considered in the context of current achievement goal theory research with the hope that the discussion will help to clarify the four issues for both motivational theory and research in general as well as for specific theoretical and empirical efforts within goal theory research. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.     

Language,learning and the curriculum

Teaching about controversial and topical and political issues has consistently been a difficult area for primary teachers, with many worrying about their professional role. Drawing on recent research and curriculum innovation this paper suggests that there are three key areas to be addressed if we are to allay these concerns: the teacher's role in handling controversial issues, appropriate teaching strategies and opportunities in the primary curriculum for addressing controversy and political issues. It suggests possible approaches and gives two extended examples of lessons for the primary classroom.     

哲学基本问题不是艺术学基本问题

有人把哲学基本问题直接当做艺术和艺术理论的基本问题,用哲学方法论代替艺术学方法论,造成许多混乱,严重影响了艺术学的发展。艺术和艺术理论有自己的基本问题,艺术学作为具体学科,有自己的学科方法论,哲学基本问题不是艺术学基本问题,哲学方法论只能涵盖、指导艺术学方法论,而不能代替它。     

论毛泽东的“三农”观

中国农业、农民和农村问题，这是始终关系国民经济和社会发展全局的问题。在长期的革命和建设实践中，毛泽东运用马克思主义同中国实际相结合，对“三农”问题的成功解决，为实现第一次历史性飞跃打下了坚实基础，是对马克思主义最具创造性的理论贡献之一。     

Group counseling in the schools: Legal,ethical, and treatment issues in school practice

School psychologists are interested in providing effective and efficient direct services to children. With a wide spectrum of psychological problems impacting children, group counseling represents one viable and valuable intervention. Given the complexity of group counseling, many schools and school psychologists are interested in legal and ethical issues impacting group interventions. From the attainment of appropriate consents for counseling to ethical dilemmas, the challenges involved in direct services are large. This article reviews mental health issues transforming children's mental health, considers differing group counseling models and stages of group development, and examines contemporary legal and ethical dilemmas inherent in school practice. Uniquely, a question‐and‐answer format is used to highlight legal issues for practice. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Some Problems, Pitfalls, and Paradoxes in Educational Measurement

This article provides brief discussions of an eclectic set of problems, pitfalls, and paradoxes that challenge measurement theory and practice, especially for K–12 achievement testing. The technical issues considered are: true scores and error scores, fixed versus random facets, lower limits to reliability, the reliability-validity paradox, reliability of difference scores, equating and linking, and scaling. The practical issues considered are: validation, standard setting, instructional improvement and high-stakes accountability, multiple measures, adequate yearly progress, the National Assessment of Educational Progress as a confirmation model, and capacity.     

略论高校人事聘用制改革

在高校全面试行聘用制，是建立适应社会主义市场经济体制要求和21世纪高等教育发展需要的用人制度的一项重要措施，必将成为新一轮高校综合体制改革的重要内容。本文论述了聘用制的内涵及试行聘用制在高校体制改革中的地位和作用，结合清华大学试行聘任(用)制的实践与探索，阐述了试行聘用制过程中值得注意和探讨的几个问题。     

Integrating Gay,Lesbian, Bisexual,and Transgender Issues into the Undergraduate Criminal Justice Curriculum

Although criminal justice has made strides to incorporate issues of race, ethnicity, class, and gender into both research and teaching, the same cannot be said about issues of homosexuality. Prior research indicates criminal justice students are more homophobic than their peers in other majors and that bias against gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender (GLBT) persons continues in the criminal justice system. As a result, this article argues that criminal justice educators should integrate issues of sexuality into criminal justice curricula as part of diversity education within the discipline. Few programs currently do so. This article outlines four methods for infusing justice‐related GLBT content into criminal justice classes, including: The teachable moment; incorporating GLBT‐relevant material in required courses; incorporating GLBT‐relevant material into diversity courses; and the development of new electives. These strategies can help combat heterosexism and homophobia.     

Cajun French,Sociolinguistic Knowledge,and Language Loss in Louisiana

This study uses Foucault's work on knowledge and power to show that the politics of language and the politics of researching it are closely related. As a discipline, sociolinguistics has barely begun to investigate the relationship between academia and issues of power and the different ways it ultimately may reinforce the interests of a dominant linguistic group. Language loss studies tend to emphasize demographic and economic factors over other social issues. This study about Cajun French, a fast-eroding French dialect still spoken by around 250,000 people in Louisiana, argues that language loss is a social as well as a discursive process and that academic knowledge and discourse both play a significant role in language politics. The study advocates the use of local knowledge to enhance our understanding of sociolinguistic issues involving unequal power relationships.     

国际电脑游戏研究现状、热点与前沿分析

以Web of Science数据库中的两个子库SCI-E、SSCI为文献来源,采用引文分析和科学知识图谱可视化分析技术,对国际电脑游戏研究现状、热点与前沿等进行了定量梳理,继而概述分析其后隐藏的内在动因与发展演变脉络。研究发现,38年来国际电脑游戏关注问卷调查和案例研究,研究对象和范畴丰富,其中Computers&Education杂志的载文量最高,形成了以Griffiths MD、Marshall SJ等为代表的一批高影响力研究学者;在研究热点中,以对儿童和行为的研究最为突出,形成了虚拟环境、游戏玩法和基于学习的游戏设计等若干研究前沿。     

Promoting access, accommodations, and independence for college students with learning disabilities.

This article focuses on the four primary issues that directly affect service delivery to students with learning disabilities in postsecondary settings, including (a) How are high school and post-secondary settings different? (b) How are eligibility and access determined? (c) How are reasonable accommodations determined? and (d) How can the independence level of college students with learning disabilities be fostered? Each of these issues will be discussed within the context of the student's transition from high school, where Public Law 94-142 is in effect, to college, where Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 applies.     

Key challenges of using video when investigating social practices in education: contextualization,magnification, and representation

Audio- and video-recordings are increasingly popular data sources in contemporary qualitative research, making discussions about methodological implications of such recordings timelier than ever. This article goes beyond discussing practical issues and issues of ‘camera effect’ and reactivity to identify three major challenges of using video to ‘capture’ social practices: (1) getting close enough to details without losing context, (2) encountering the most severe consequence of ‘death by data’ – namely magnifying events that may not be significant to participants, and finally, (3) representing data so that an audience can actually assess whether inferences drawn from the data are plausible. These important issues directly impact the credibility of qualitative research relying on video. The article combines existing literature with contemporary examples from educational research to critically discuss these three key challenges and some possible ways of addressing them.     

Nature of Science,Scientific Inquiry,and Socio-Scientific Issues Arising from Genetics: A Pathway to Developing a Scientifically Literate Citizenry

The primary focus of this article is to illustrate how teachers can use contemporary socio-scientific issues to teach students about nature of scientific knowledge as well as address the science subject matter embedded in the issues. The article provides an initial discussion about the various aspects of nature of scientific knowledge that are addressed. It is important to remember that the aspects of nature of scientific knowledge are not considered to be a comprehensive list, but rather a set of important ideas for adolescent students to learn about scientific knowledge. These ideas have been advocated as important for secondary students by numerous reform documents internationally. Then, several examples are used to illustrate how genetically based socio-scientific issues can be used by teachers to improve students’ understandings of the discussed aspects of nature of scientific knowledge.     

IX. RESEARCH,PRACTICE, AND POLICY PERSPECTIVES ON ISSUES OF CHILDREN WITHOUT PERMANENT PARENTAL CARE

This chapter presents conclusions, trends, conceptual analyses, hypotheses, and speculations regarding some fundamental issues of research, practice, and policy that are largely unsettled or controversial. As such, the chapter is not a summary of Chapters I–VIII, but rather contains interpretations and opinions of the author intended to elevate the priority of certain issues, suggest hypotheses to be studied, and propose practice and policy steps to be considered.     

Curriculum,culture, ideology and ownership: the case of the Exploring Masculinities programme

This article considers curriculum ownership, contestation and the relationship between curriculum and culture through the lens of the Exploring Masculinities (EM) programme. The programme was developed in the late 1990s to meet the social and personal needs of young men. As its dissemination was being planned, it became the subject of critical attention from some high-profile journalists and certain parent bodies. This article reports on a follow-up study of a national sample of parents regarding the inclusion of EM issues on the school curriculum. It also draws on interviews with journalists who were at the centre of the related media debate. The macro curriculum issues are discussed in light of this data along with one key issue identified by parents, namely the professional competence of teachers around social and personal issues.     

A case of preservice elementary teachers exploring, retelling, and reframing

This study shows preservice elementary teachers' frames (points of view) about science curriculum. Frames are rules that influence how one perceives and organises events with which one thinks. Participants' frames were externalised by exploring issues from Sagan's text,The Demon Haunted World: Science as a Candle in the Dark (1996), Sagan uses commonly held frames about controversial topics to contrast pseudoscience and science. This narrative explores how students retelling their reactions (to experiences of their own design) might influence one's awareness of beliefs in general and reconsideration of personal beliefs about science and teaching. The entangled issues of critical and metaphoric thinking, as well as reframing are exemplified.