Pushed or pulled? Exploring the factors underpinning graduate start-ups and non-start-ups

The study explores the nature and mixture of push–pull factors in the journey from higher education into graduate entrepreneurship. Using longitudinal data from 15 graduates of a British university, it compares graduates who started their own business with graduates that did not. Importantly, both groups had initially indicated a strong desire to start a business on completion of their degrees. Three main themes are identified: personal characteristics; environmental support and context; and the business idea. These are utilised to examine the similarities and differences in the nature and mixture of push–pull factors leading either to start-up (SU) or non-start-up (NSU). Whilst findings revealed SUs tended to share many similarities with NSUs, differences appeared to cluster around some personal characteristics, views of the labour market and their business idea. The paper contributes to a more nuanced understanding of the complexities involved in this transition. Implications for theory, practice, and future research are discussed.     

基于企业家精神的大学生创业能力培养研究

就业是民生之本,创业是经济发展的活力之源,把创业教育纳入高等学校的教育教学体系,培养一大批具有创新、创业精神的企业家,是建设创新型国家的需要,是发展创新型经济的必然要求。研究了企业家及企业家精神的内涵,总结了国内外创业教育的理论和实践,探讨了基于企业家精神的大学生创业能力的培养途径,对高等学校建立创业教育体系,实现国家以创业带动就业的政策具有重要的现实意义。     

中国大学生网络创业的现状和发展趋势

21世纪,随着互联网的兴起,大学生网络创业成为一种潮流。由于就业压力的逐年增大,更多的大学毕业生走向了自主创业的道路。而网络创业由于其自身的优势,受到了大家的普遍欢迎。虽然互联网给社会带来了无限的商机,但是网络创业依然存在诸多问题,大学生网络创业也遇到了法律、道德和社会环境等方面的困扰。如何分析这些问题,帮助大学生找到自己的合理定位,给出合理建议,以此提高网络创业的成功率就显得十分重要和迫切。     

Demographic differences in learner response to entrepreneurial education programmes in Pakistan

Recent research on the benefits of entrepreneurship education has tended to ignore or “control out” possible demographic differences in outcomes for entrepreneurship graduates. This paper examines demographic differences in the perceived benefits of different components of entrepreneurship education programmes (EEPs), entrepreneurial cognitions and entrepreneurial intentions of EEP graduates. Data were collected by questionnaire from 348 university EEP graduates in Pakistan. All graduates had strong positive attitudes to becoming entrepreneurs and no demographic differences in entrepreneurial intentions were observed. Nonetheless, females in particular, and graduates with no work experience to a lesser extent, exited the EEPs with lower perceived benefits, particularly in terms of inspiration, and slightly weaker perceived control for entrepreneurship, than males and graduates with some experience. No substantial differences were associated with age or entrepreneurial family background. The authors suggest ways in which EEPs can be more inclusive of female students.     

我国高校创业教育存在的问题及改进对策

高等学校的创业教育是解决大学生就业问题的重要途径.我国高校创业教育刚刚起步,在师资队伍和课程体系等方面,还存在诸多问题.高校必须从思想意识、外部环境、师资建设、培养体系等多方面来构建创业教育模式.做好创业教育,使大学毕业生由“求职就业者”转变为“创业者”,探索出一条结合我国国情的创业教育之路是政府、高校、社会都应该关注和思考的理论和现实问题.     

Can higher education stimulate entrepreneurial intentions among engineering and business students?

This paper approaches the issue of higher entrepreneurship education in motivating young people to start their own business as a viable alternative to the successful integration of university graduates on the labour market. The fundamental question of this research is if, currently, entrepreneurship education influences students’ entrepreneurial intentions and to what extent. The research results, based on the statistical analysis of data collected through a questionnaire distributed to Romanian business and engineering bachelor students in the final year, highlight that business students assessed the effectiveness of higher entrepreneurship education and its positive influence on entrepreneurial intentions to a greater extent than the engineering students. Furthermore, entrepreneurial intentions of engineering students are influenced positively much more by entrepreneurial family background than by entrepreneurship education. The findings provide important highlights for future research, in order to identify the most effective ways of approaching, modernising and expanding entrepreneurship education, aiming to increase entrepreneurial intentions among students, regardless of the graduated field of study.     

基于农村创业视角的大学课程教学创新机制研究

农村创业是大学生就业的新渠道,对缓解大学生就业压力、缩小城乡人力资源素质差距有重要意义,而大学课程教学对转变大学生就业观念起着重要引导作用。大学课程设置单一、涉农教育缺失、重理论轻实践、大学教育与农村创业教育严重脱节等是大学生不愿农村创业的重要原因。高校应该创新课程教学机制,拓宽课程设置内容,建立课程教育与农村创业教育的连接渠道,培养学生农村创业意识。学校、政府、企业应建立联动机制,为大学生农村创业提供保障。     

高职生小本创业：基于案例的研究

由于成本少、风险小、市场进入门槛低,小本创业是高职院大学生创业的首选模式。本文分析了小本创业的特点,结合高职院校大学生小本创业的现状,提出构建创业教育、创业实践和企业孵化为一体的小本创业教育系统,从而促进高职生勇于创业、能够创业和成功。     

大学生机会型创业：初创期创新特性分析

大学生利用高校科技成果进行机会型创业是促进高校科技成果转化,降低创业风险,发挥知识优势进行创业的重要举措。为提高大学生机会型创业的成功率,文章在对大学生机会型创业初创期项目的成熟度分析的基础上,阐明高校好项目,很快由企业转化,大学生所利用的科技成果往往是阶段性的成果。从初创期技术成果的产品化、生产工艺设计及营销模式策划等方面分析阐述了大学生机会型创业初创期的产品创新、工艺创新及市场创新特性,提出扶持大学生创业初期创新的措施。     

专家领衔式团队创业的优势及推进策略

产学研一体化创新创业是实现科技与经济有效结合的重要手段,而专家领衔式团队创业则是产学研一体化创新创业的新模式,也是当前推动科技成果转化的重要形式。在创业实践中,专家领衔式团队创业具有技术领先、人才充足、创业成本低等多种优势。大力推广专家领衔式团队创业,需要健全合作机制、加强政策扶持、搭建创新创业平台和促进资源对接等方面的努力。     

新生代农民工创业教育与公共政策选择

创业教育是提升新生代农民创业素养和创业能力,使其顺利实现创业梦想的重要途径,本文在分析现阶段新生代农民工创业特征的基础上,基于创业过程理论构架了包含创业前阶段、创业阶段、创业企业成长阶段的新生代农民工创业教育理论框架,并据此提出在培育创业文化、完善创业教育组织机构、资金、创业扶持政策四方面的政策建议。     

新农村建设视域下高职大学生农村创业探讨

大学生农村创业是指大学生到农村、乡镇创办企业从事经济活动的一种创业形式。高校毕业生到农村基层创业,有助于推动社会主义新农村建设,缓解目前严峻的就业压力。对高职大学生农村创业的现实意义以及高职院校在培育农村创业人才方面的职责进行分析并就如何促进农村创业提出了一些具体建议。     

关于襄阳市大中专毕业生就业创业意向的调查报告

通过对襄阳市2013届中高职毕业生求职意向的问卷调查,分析新形势下大中专毕业生在就业创业前的准备、价值取向、求职期望等方面的现状与特点.据此提出襄阳市吸引大中专毕业生来襄就业创业的工作建议.     

Entrepreneurship Education and Lower Socioeconomic Black Youth: An Empirical Investigation

This study tested the effects of an entrepreneurship education intervention, the New Youth Entrepreneur curriculum, on lower socioeconomic black high-school students' knowledge of basic and advanced concepts in entrepreneurship. Ninety-five high school sophomores (over 85% black) from a lower socioeconomic neighborhood made up the sample for the experimental design: 51 in the treatment group and 44 in the control group. The two instruments used measured participants' knowledge of basic entrepreneurship concepts and higher cognitive levels of entrepreneurship learning, including comprehension, application, and analysis. The treatment group experienced the New Youth Entrepreneur (NYE) curriculum for one period a day for a semester, while the control group was exposed to basic entrepreneurship concepts at an awareness level as part of a general business education course. It was predicted and found that the treatment group significantly outperformed the control group on all dimensions of entrepreneurship tested. The study results confirm that appropriate curricular innovation can significantly influence the acquisition of entrepreneurship concepts and skills by lower socioeconomic black students. They also confirm that these same students can even be energized to the point of moving from opportunity recognition to initial business implementation.     

民营企业数据分析视域下优化营商环境问题研究

借助国家创新创业的政策指向,为带动区域高速发展,营商环境优化问题引起重点关注。通过对本区域民营企业以及在创新创业大潮中的初创公司进行走访调研,有针对性地提出具备应用价值的营商环境评价指标,根据调研数据分析及指标评价反馈出的区域问题,提出优化地方营商环境的具体措施。     

基于创业团队的高校创业教育课程体系的构建研究

创业课程设置的合理性直接关系到大学生创业能力的优劣。文章通过比较分析国内外高校创业教育课程体系的现状,从当前我国大学生创业团队存在的问题入手,有针对性地提出构建适用性强的创业教育课程体系,能更好的培养创业人才。     

高校学生创业的模拟演练及实训课指导策略

就业作为民生之本,重要性不言而喻,大学生就业更是如此。在如今严峻的就业竞争形势面前,鼓励大学生创业成为了提高大学生就业率的行之有效的方法。高校积极开展学生创业的模拟演练及实训课指导,指导大学生创业,也成为了党和政府以及社会各界高度关注的问题。重点探究高校学生创业的模拟演练及实训课指导的现状,并针对相关问题,提出一些有效的创新策略。     

高校大学生创业障碍及对策探究

随着我国高等教育大规模扩招,创业成为更多毕业生的就业选择。在越来越多大学生创业成功的同时,存在的主要问题也凸显出来。只有通过构建创业教育架构、加强鼓励引导、提升创新科技含量等对症下药的方式方法,才能彻底打破高校大学生创业障碍,从而形成以良性创业为导向的大学生就业局面。     

高职市场营销专业创新创业教育问题试析

在“互联网+”背景下,不断涌现的新商业对高职院校市场营销专业学生在职业能力和创新能力方面提出了更高的要求。指出了市场营销专业双创教育中存在的问题,简述了市场营销专业“专创融合”的必要性和可行性,提出了高职院校市场营销专业与创新创业教育融合的路径建议,应尽快构建以双创导向的人才课程体系和人才教学模式,将市场营销专业人才教育与创新创业教育进行双向深度有机融合。并简要介绍了长江工程职业技术学院在市场营销专业创新创业教育的一些做法。     

商务管理专业毕业生就业问题分析——以晋城职业技术学院商务管理专业为例

我院商务管理专业毕业生就业问题的调查显示,社会因素、企业因素、专业因素、学校因素、学生自身因素等都一定程度影响着学生的就业。针对与此,本文提出了培养＂一专多能＂、加强就业指导和就业心理辅导、重视实践教学和创业教育等建议。