Higher Education, Pedagogy and the 'Customerisation' of Teaching and Learning

It is well documented that the application of business models to the higher education sector has precipitated a managerialistic approach to organisational structures ( Preston, 2001 ). Less well documented is the impact of this business ideal on the student-teacher encounter. It is argued that this age-old relation is now being configured (conceptually and organisationally) in terms peculiar to the business sector: as a customer-product relation. It is the applicability and suitability of such a configuration that specifically concerns this contribution. The paper maintains that the move to describe the student-teacher relation in these terms is indeed inappropriately reductive, but not straightforwardly so. The problem arises in that we remain unsure of the contemporary purpose of education. We lack any firm educational ideals that, in themselves, cannot be encompassed by the business paradigm. Indeed, the pedagogical critique of education (broadly, that education is only of use in as much as it is of use to society) extends further than has yet been intimated and prevents one securing any educational ideal that does not immediately succumb to critique. This pedagogical logic is unassailable in any linear way but, when pressed, precipitates an aporetic moment that prevents it from assuming any totalising hold over education. We draw on the work of Emmanuel Levinas and Jacques Derrida to consider whether one might yet imagine an educational 'quasi-ideal' that will enable practitioners and institutions to counter the effects of customerisation.     

课程目标与高师教育学改革

本文以课程目标为切入点 ,对教育学课程目标进行了界定 ,论述了教育学课程目标的内涵 ,提出了制定教育学课程目标要遵循的原则 ,在此基础上深入探讨了教育学课程目标在教育学改革中的作用 ,以及教育学整体改革应遵循的原则。     

Self-regulation in Higher Education Teacher Learning

Various studies have focused on self-regulated student learning. However, little attention has been given to the self-regulation processes in teacher learning. In this study, we focus on the work-related learning processes reported by experienced higher education teachers. The aim of this study was to discover whether teachers actively self-regulate their learning experiences (as their students are expected to do) and to examine how this regulation takes place in the workplace. We tested some generally held assumptions and conceptions regarding teacher learning. Fifteen experienced college teachers, from three different colleges in The Netherlands, participated. Two semi-structured interviews and a (digital) diary study were used as the primary data collection methods. We collected 86 examples of teacher learning episodes. These were analysed using a phenomenographic method. The results show that our teachers’ learning experiences are not as self-regulated, planned, reflective, or spiral as some assume. Sometimes, the teachers’ learning was planned (self-regulated), but mostly it occurred in a non-linear (both external and self-regulated) or spontaneous (externally regulated) way. We conclude that our teachers do not always self-regulate their learning, but they mostly do self-regulate their teaching practice (with learning as a result).     

师范教育中的特殊教育与特殊教育学

教育不等于教育学。师范院校的教育专业不等于教育学专业。对于特殊教育来说 ,特殊教育学专业同样也不能代替聋校语文、聋校数学、聋校外语、聋校体育等面向具体学科的专业。学科特点与教育学相通的特殊教育学只是应该设置的面向特殊教育的专业中的一个部分。师范院校设置的有关特殊教育的专业中 ,除了应该包括特殊教育学专业之外 ,还应该包括其他面向基层特殊学校特定课程的各种专业。     

Dimensionality of Teacher Education Beliefs

An inventory of items describing notions about how learning occurs, what priorities are important in education, and how teachers should relate to students was administered to a sample of 290 teachers assigned to kindergarten and grades one through six. An oblique factor solution yielded four moderately independent dimensions of belief describing affective and cognitive educational values, directive teaching behavior, and relevancy in subject matter. The significance of the multidimensional findings for teacher belief profiles is discussed.     

高师“学科教学论”课程内容重构之研究

"学科教学论"作为教师教育职前培养阶段的一门重要专业课,对于基础教育师资培养的质量至关重要。对"学科教学论"的学科性质、设课目的、作用和地位进行再认识,可以看出当前重新构建其课程内容的必要性和紧迫性。"学科教学论"课程内容的构建应遵循目的的明确性、理论的指导性、技能的基础性、实践的根基性、发展的持续性五项原则。我们以"化学教学论"为例,从整体结构到章节细目提出具体构建方案,为"学科教学论"的课程建设和教师教育的发展提供一个研讨、交流的案例。     

Weighty Perceptions: A Study of the Attitudes and Beliefs of Preservice Teacher Education Students Regarding Diversity and Urban Education

Twenty-first century predictions forecast highly diverse, urban students and predominantly white, monolingual, interculturally limited teachers as the makeup of the new millennium's schools. To avoid a cultural crash, today's potential teaching force must be prepared for tomorrow's students by teacher educators in colleges and universities. Helping future teachers understand what they believe about education in general and, specifically, culturally diverse populations of students can provide an important key for that preparation. This article describes one college of education's efforts to make implicit beliefs explicit through survey data, its application of data to programs, and its plans for continuing research.     

高师函授学员学习困扰情况调查研究

高师函授学员在学习过程中碰到的学习困扰,是客观存在,是由成人、在职学习和函授等特点决定的。应着力解决这些学习困扰,因为这体现了以人为本、重视满足学员需要的科学发展观。解决这些问题的对策是:面授讲求实效;教学与生活安排力求让学员满意;中小学建构教师进修的学校文化;开辟多样化的助学形式。     

A Pedagogy of Trust in Higher Learning

This paper develops and defends a notion of trust in higher learning, and examines the pedagogical challenges of its pursuit within the sphere of higher education. It argues that the experience of trust between teachers and students is a necessary foundation for a critical, dialogical learning environment, yet it is a pursuit and sensation that can be imperiled by many of the demands and restrictions placed upon teachers in higher education. This discussion is of a philosophical nature with the aim of providing a perspective on a concept that has often been neglected in recent educational debate.     

教师的儿童学习观与其教育行为的关系研究

在当前有关教师观念的研究中,教师的教育观念与其教育行为之间的关系问题是探讨得最多的。本研究聚焦教师观念中非常重要的类观念———教师的儿童学习观,综合使用问卷、深入访谈、参与式观察以及资料分析等方法,从类型、内容以及个案分析的角度对教师的儿童学习观与其指导儿童学习的教育行为之间的关系进行了深入细致的探讨。     

Masterclass Pedagogy for Multimedia Applications in Teacher Education

This paper describes an elective unit in the application of new technologies for pre‐service teachers which employed a metaphor of masterclasses in its design to engage the students in value‐added interactions around their individual multimedia projects. A masterclass involves the class group auditing an individual’s detailed consultation with a “master” on work in progress. In this way, general points are demonstrated and iteratively developed through worked examples. By sharing a range of projects, the class group developed explicit understandings of pedagogical design based around the concepts of metaphor, productive redundancy, hypertextual links, and information architecture. The design of this unit’s pedagogy of pedagogies is explicated through Christie’s theorisation of curriculum macrogenre and Bernstein’s rules of recognition and realisation to show how the pre‐service teachers moved from being consumers and “natives” of digital environments to become analysts and designers of such environments.     

研究性学习:搭建基础教育与高师教育的桥梁

研究性学习是我国基础教育新课程体系中规定开设的一门综合实践活动课程,其意义不仅在于开发了一种新的课程形态,更在于从根本上改变了学生在教育生活中的存在状态甚至生存方式。高等师范教育在承担一般高等教育任务和遵循其一般性原则的同时,还必须依据基础教育的现象和发展需要不断调整其发展的方向和策略,研究性学习以其体验性、完整性、开放性成为搭建基础教育与高等师范教育课程改革的桥梁。研究性学习与高等师范教育的融合不仅弥合了基础教育与高师教育之间的种种疏离,并使学生在研究性学习中成长。     

高师院校公共教育学的定位

高师院校公共教育学定位的依据是 :公共教育学开设的目的 ;公共教育学、教育学、教育科学之间的关系 ;教育计划中关于教育类课程的开设情况 ;高师毕业生走上工作岗位后 ,教育学对其教学工作指导价值的大小和作用的范围等。公共教育学的定位应该是 ,也必须是应用性和独立性 ,即在性质上它是应用学科 ,在教育学科体系中它处于一个独立的位置。     

Developmentally Appropriate Technology Use and Early Childhood Teacher Education

Early childhood teacher education methods classes often emphasize the application of developmentally appropriate practices (DAP). In today's digital age, it is important for teacher educators and their students to think about how to extend DAP to technology use. In this article, two contrasting classroom scenarios are provided to illustrate developmentally appropriate technology use (DATU), a new educational term coined by the authors. Briefly, DATU is defined as use that both respects the unique challenges presented by children's levels of development and capitalizes on children's natural desire to actively, collaboratively construct knowledge and solve problems. A five-element framework for guiding teachers toward DATU is explained.     

Qualitative Pedagogy versus Instrumentalism: the Antinomies of Higher Education Learning and Teaching in the United Kingdom

This paper contributes to current debates about the contradictory character of approaches to learning and teaching in UK higher education by suggesting an ideal‐typical distinction between an academic orientation and an instrumental orientation. The paper suggests that these two distinctive orientations are associated with different kinds of student expectations on entry to UK higher education. Furthermore, the instrumental orientation is associated with an increasing preference within institutions for modes of programme delivery that are compatible with the instrumental tendencies of audit and surveillance. Institutions are likely to give priority to instrumental approaches not for pedagogic reasons but because they are convenient for the administration.     

教师教育专业化与高等学校教师职前培养专业化

随着教师专业化思潮和理念的普及,大学教师职前培养中的教师专业教育问题越来越引起教育家的关注。要提高高等教育质量,或者说高等学校的人才培养质量,必须改革研究型大学以博士、硕士培养代替高等学校教师培养的模式。在研究型大学设立教师教育学院,为博士、硕士提供高等学校教师资格证书课程。高等学校引进教师首先应该有教师资格证书,而不是先进校任教,而后通过设立在各省、市、自治区的高等学校师资培训中心申请教师资格证书。这是高校教师专业化的必然要求,也是国家教师教育发展的新趋势。     

The Pedagogy of Assignments in Social Justice Teacher Education

This article examines the pedagogy of assignments in social justice teacher education programs. Employing a programmatic view, this study aims to understand the collective representation of social justice provided by assignments across multiple courses. Findings come from a qualitative case study of two social justice programs. Drawing on concepts from sociocultural theory and a theory of justice, this study reveals that the conceptions of justice assignments that were emphasized varied from a focus on the individual needs of students to an emphasis on the sociopolitical conditions of schooling. When assignments drew on teachers' field placement experiences, they overwhelmingly stressed an individualistic notion of justice. The diversity among students in teachers' placements substantially shaped teachers' opportunities to engage this notion. When assignments emphasized the sociopolitical conditions of schooling, they focused on general principles for teaching and were disconnected from teachers' field placement experiences. Implications for practice and research in social justice teacher education are considered.