Improving schools through collaboration: a mixed methods study of school-to-school partnerships in the primary sector

The principle of schools collaborating to improve is one that has seen growing interest in recent years, and there is emerging evidence that in particular collaboration between high and lower performing schools can be an effective school improvement method. However, this evidence relates primarily to secondary schools, and little research has been conducted on the factors that could make collaboration more or less effective. In this study we specifically looked at partnerships between low and high performing primary schools, in which high performing schools acted as supporters to low performing partner schools. A mixed methods approach was used. A quasi-experimental quantitative study was conducted to ascertain the relationship between partnership and pupil attainment using data from the National Pupil Database. This was followed up by case studies of nine partnerships. Findings showed that there was a positive relationship between partnership and pupil attainment at Key Stage 2, and that successful partnerships were characterised by intensive interventions focused on teaching and learning and leadership.     

The Normative Dimensions of Teacher/Student Interaction

The asymmetrical structure of educational attainment has been documented widely. The main unresolved problem in educational research now is to explain the process by which this occurs (i.e. the process of social reproduction). In this research, all students in government secondary colleges in Tasmania were asked to nominate teachers who had been ‘especially helpful or encouraging’. A teaching style questionnaire was issued subsequently to all teachers (n = 505) receiving two or more nominations. Also, the top 25 teachers were interviewed. The results show that the teacher/student relationship is critical in facilitating the ‘educational process’, that this relationship is based on the reciprocal expectations (norms) of students and teachers, and that ‘effective’ teachers use specific techniques in establishing their relationships with students. The research is based on an innovative technique of quantifying the qualitative aspects of these norms or ‘working models’. The results suggest that training effective teachers requires more attention to the nature of the relationship between teachers and students. An effective relationship with students can be achieved using a variety of ‘role destructuring’ techniques.     

一种基于RBF的时序缺失数据修复方法

提出了一种基于RBF的时序缺失数据修复方法,利用RBF构建模板数据和当前存在缺失的数据之间的训练关系,并通过该训练关系修复缺失数据．实验表明,该方法能够应用于刚性体以及非刚形体运动或形变追踪,是一种有效的时序缺失数据修复方法．     

Was the Transition to the Performance-based Contract at Vocational Schools in Moscow Region Successful?

The goal of our study was to compare the working conditions, salary size, and professional outcomes of teachers at schools that switched to the competitive performance-based (so-called ‘effective’) contract in comparison with teachers at schools that did not switch to this employment framework. The study focused on teachers at 83 vocational secondary schools (VSS) that are subordinate to the Ministry of Education of Moscow Region. We conducted an opinion poll to obtain direct information from teachers. We sent questionnaires consisting of 31 questions to 253 teachers. Of the respondents, 105 were included in the experimental group and 148 were placed in the control group. The results of our study show that teachers who work in organizations that have switched to the effective contract model have a higher subjective assessment of their own financial situation, greater expectations regarding their future income, greater confidence about the compensation plan, and a better opinion of the prestige of the teaching profession than teachers at schools that have not adopted an effective contract. The only parameter that cannot be interpreted as an unambiguously positive result is an increase in the frequency of teacher performance assessments at schools that have adopted an effective contract. It was also possible to establish the existence of a moderate relationship between the individual nature of the employment contract and the level of trust that teachers have in their compensation plan. In addition, we established another moderate relationship between informedness and the level of trust that teachers place in their compensation plan. Thus, we can recommend implementing the performance-based contract model at all VSS in the Moscow Region, because it has a positive impact on the immaterial motivation and financial position of teachers. By conducting additional measures to increase teachers’ informedness about effective contracts, we can increase their level of trust in them.     

基于模糊等价关系的粗糙集方法

在对研究信息系统中知识不完全、不确定问题的两种重要理论粗糙集和模糊集进行比较分析的基础上,结合模糊集和粗糙集各自的优点,针对信息系统中数据量庞大且属性值大多是连续的、很多数据对象具有相同或相似性质的情况,提出一种基于模糊等价关系的粗糙集方法,实现了粗糙集理论与模糊集理论的有机结合;并通过一个应用实例,证明了此方法的有效性．     

构建和谐师生关系,促进高职英语教学

师生关系是学校里所有关系的基础,是进行一切有效教育教学的重要组成部分。然而,目前高职院校师生关系中的不和谐因素影响着高职英语的有效教学。本文通过分析高职院校师生关系现状及形成原因,提出构建和谐师生关系,促进高职英语教学的相关措施。     

大学校长权力及其变化

大学校长权力是高等教育权力系统的重要组成部分,也是影响高等教育系统运作的重要因素。随着大学内外部关系的变化,大学校长权力的广泛性得到了普遍的拓展,而其权力的深刻性则面临着增强与削弱的双重挑战。大学校长的行动权随着办学自主权的扩大与落实而逐渐强化,控制权则相对减弱,权力的共享而不是权力的掌控成为校长行使权力的主要方式。大学校长既需要争取权力又需要学会有效地行使权力,校长权力的健康运作应当有一个自我约束机制。     

中等职业学校交往型师生关系的构建--基于哈贝马斯交往行为理论的视角

师生关系作为教育过程中产生的重要社会关系,是影响中等职业学校教育教学质量的重要因素。它直接影响教学质量和教师、学生的自我成长,是当前教育教学改革的重要环节之一。目前,中等职业学校师生关系存在诸多问题,其中师生间缺乏有效交往最为突出。文章以哈贝马斯的交往行为理论为基础,提出了交往型师生关系。该关系以有效对话为核心、以主体间性为前提、以“交往资质”为保障。中等职业学校要从思想、行动两个层面积极、有效地构建交往型师生关系,以有效解决传统师生关系中存在的问题。     

Adolescents' collaboration in the classroom: Do peer relationships or gender matter?

Peer collaboration can be a useful tool in a school classroom to help students perform at their best. With whom should students be paired, though? Previous research yields inconsistent findings regarding whether the benefits of peer collaboration depend on the gender or friendship of collaborators. We paired students with a same‐gender friend or a nonfriend in their classroom to examine whether friendship and specific dimensions of relationship quality were important for understanding adolescent (N = 132 high‐school students) boys' and girls' performance on a scientific reasoning task. Dimensions of relationship quality were related to task performance with greater perceived conflict predicting poorer performance. Girls outperformed boys, but the difference was marginal and nonsignificant after accounting for dimensions of relationship quality. Friends' and nonfriends' performance was similar. Results are informative for educators who use collaboration as an instructional technique and for other professionals who work to support the development of effective reasoning and problem‐solving skills among adolescents. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

有效治理视阈下基层政府动员转型

基层政府运动式动员存在基层有效治理的困境.为破解基层有效治理难题,国家对基层政府的动员转向项目化动员.项目化动员从基层治理方式、治理逻辑、治理中各级政府之间的关系、政府动员成本、基层政府治理的主体性和主动性等方面来破解基层有效治理难题.基层政府动员转型反映了国家基层治理逻辑和治理模式的变化,也为破解基层有效治理困境,创新社会治理提供了新思路和新路径.     

Examining the shaping of teachers’ pedagogical orientation for the use of technology

Teachers’ current uses of technologies still tend to replicate traditional and/ or administrative practices, with research indicating that the pedagogies required for the effective integration of educational technologies are not yet in evidence amongst the majority of teachers. In order to conceptualise what could be considered effective pedagogies for the use of technology, greater understanding of what informs teachers’ particular approaches and how teachers come to change their approaches over time is required. Succinctly, what is needed is a deep understanding of a teacher’s developmental process for their conceptualisation of the relationship between technology and pedagogy. Through an in-depth, two-year case study methodology, three teachers’ journey to use game-based technologies in their classrooms was examined. The results provide valuable insights into the relationship between teachers’ pedagogical beliefs and practices about the use of technologies; trigger points in teachers’ journeys that influence change in their pedagogical orientation for the use of technology; and rich stories of innovation in teaching. This study has implications for teacher professional development and supporting effective technology integration.     

认知策略在高职英语听力教学中的运用

传统的英语听力教学多是一些经验性教学的延续,缺乏科学性。高职高专的英语教学重视实用能力的培养,在听力教学中尤其重视听力能力的养成。但目前我国高职的听力教学还存在很多不足之处,如缺乏相应背景知识的教学、有效的教育教学策略等。认知策略作为学习策略的重要组成部分,与学生听力能力的发展有重要的关系,教师在教学中应该注意采用有效地听力教学策略,注重学生听力学习策略。     

网络情感沉溺现象的哲学探索

随着网络技术的不断发展,网络情感问题变得更为突出.试研究网络情感(即网络爱情)沉溺现象带来的一些问题及解决途径,以利于网络情感的健康发展     

Faculty role orientation and perceived teaching effectiveness: The case of an intervening variable

This study was designed to explore the relationship between faculty role orientations and student perceptions of teaching effectiveness in community colleges. Survey questionnaires were completed by 260 faculty members and 12,396 students at five Pennsylvania community college campuses. Using a conceptual framework drawn from symbolic interaction theory, it was hypothesized that faculty members holding a student-centered role orientation will be perceived as more effective teachers than those holding a subject-matter orientation. Results indicate that whereas there is an association between a student-centered role orientation and perceived teaching effectiveness, the relationship is due to an intervening variable—the expected course grade. An examination of the causal chain of relationships among these variables is presented.This is a revision of a paper presented at the 1975 annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association (see South, Morrison and Hill, 1975).     

图式理论与大学英语泛读教学

图式理论是一种重要的现代外语阅读理论。本文从大学英语泛读课的特点及其对学生阅读能力提高的重要性入手,分析图式理论与阅读理解的关系以及泛读教学与图式理论的相适应性,说明了图式理论在泛读教学中亦能发挥巨大作用。     

博士研究生学术研究方法教学模式探析——基于美国大学教学方法的启示

探讨适合中国博士研究生的学术研究方法教学模式。分析我国研究生学术论文写作中存在的问题;阐述美国大学研究方法教学的基本特征和实践模式。在美国大学教学模式的启发下,对教师的知识供给体系和学生科学研究能力推进模式进行深入解析。     

Effect of adaptive advisement on perception in learner-controlled,computer-based instruction using a rule-learning task

The proposition that learner control of instruction can be facilitated by directly affecting the student’s perception of learning need was investigated. Students in one experimental condition were continuously advised during instruction of their learning performance and needs (amount and sequence of content) in relationship to the desired acquisition of rules at a given mastery criterion and were allowed to make instructional decisions. It was hypothesized that this condition would prove more effective on posttest performance than conditions without advisement — either partial learner control or conventional learner control. Results are discussed in reference to an information-processing approach to the design of computer-based instruction.     

高阶思维培养取向的信息技术有效应用评价指标体系研究——以初中数学课堂教学为例

文章在认识到高阶思维能力培养和高阶学习的关系前提下,通过对信息技术有效支持高阶学习的应用特点和数学学习活动中高阶思维能力的外显特征的研究,尝试以数学学科为例,建立了高阶思维能力培养取向的信息技术有效应用的评价指标体系。     

Partnership,participation and parental disillusionment in home–school contacts: a study in two schools in Norway

This small‐scale study investigates the origins of parental disillusionment with school, with a focus on the extent to which disillusionment is related to the level and quality of partnership between parents and teachers. It also compares the reactions of parents when teachers take the initiative in contacting them about a child's learning or social problems with those of teachers when parents contact them. Sixteen pairs of parents and teachers who had met to discuss such problems agreed to take part in separate interviews. At least at the outset, partnership was consistently more effective when teachers initiated the contact than when parents initiated it. Initial tensions in the relationship could be reduced when either a parent or a teacher took action to improve the relationship. Parental disillusionment occurred in only three cases, where neither parent nor teacher could see their way to any compromise.     

Parameter optimization model in electrical discharge machining process

Electrical discharge machining （EDM） process, at present is still an experience process, wherein selected parameters are often far from the optimum, and at the same time selecting optimization parameters is costly and time consuming. In this paper, artificial neural network （ANN） and genetic algorithm （GA） are used together to establish the parameter optimization model. An ANN model which adapts Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm has been set up to represent the relationship between material removal rate （MRR） and input parameters, and GA is used to optimize parameters, so that optimization results are obtained. The model is shown to be effective, and MRR is improved using optimized machining parameters.